Linux-2.6.12-rc2v2.6.12-rc2

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!

1 files changed, 1505 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..71ef0498d5e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1505 @@
+
+                Advanced Linux Sound Architecture - Driver
+                ==========================================
+                            Configuration guide
+
+
+Kernel Configuration
+====================
+
+To enable ALSA support you need at least to build the kernel with
+primary sound card support (CONFIG_SOUND).  Since ALSA can emulate OSS,
+you don't have to choose any of the OSS modules.
+
+Enable "OSS API emulation" (CONFIG_SND_OSSEMUL) and both OSS mixer and
+PCM supports if you want to run OSS applications with ALSA.
+
+If you want to support the WaveTable functionality on cards such as
+SB Live! then you need to enable "Sequencer support"
+(CONFIG_SND_SEQUENCER).
+
+To make ALSA debug messages more verbose, enable the "Verbose printk"
+and "Debug" options.  To check for memory leaks, turn on "Debug memory"
+too.  "Debug detection" will add checks for the detection of cards.
+
+Please note that all the ALSA ISA drivers support the Linux isapnp API
+(if the card supports ISA PnP).  You don't need to configure the cards
+using isapnptools.
+
+
+Creating ALSA devices
+=====================
+
+This depends on your distribution, but normally you use the /dev/MAKEDEV
+script to create the necessary device nodes.  On some systems you use a
+script named 'snddevices'.
+
+
+Module parameters
+=================
+
+The user can load modules with options. If the module supports more than
+one card and you have more than one card of the same type then you can
+specify multiple values for the option separated by commas.
+
+Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed.
+
+  Module snd
+  ----------
+
+    The core ALSA module.  It is used by all ALSA card drivers.
+    It takes the following options which have global effects.
+
+    major       - major number for sound driver
+                - Default: 116
+    cards_limit
+                - limiting card index for auto-loading (1-8)
+                - Default: 1
+                - For auto-loading more than one card, specify this
+                  option together with snd-card-X aliases.
+    device_mode
+                - permission mask for dynamic sound device filesystem
+                - This is available only when DEVFS is enabled
+                - Default: 0666
+                - E.g.: device_mode=0660
+
+  
+  Module snd-pcm-oss
+  ------------------
+
+    The PCM OSS emulation module.
+    This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
+
+    dsp_map     - PCM device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
+                - Default: 0
+    adsp_map    - PCM device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
+                - Default: 1
+    nonblock_open
+                - Don't block opening busy PCM devices.
+
+    For example, when dsp_map=2, /dev/dsp will be mapped to PCM #2 of
+    the card #0.  Similarly, when adsp_map=0, /dev/adsp will be mapped
+    to PCM #0 of the card #0.
+    For changing the second or later card, specify the option with
+    commas, such like "dsp_map=0,1".
+
+    nonblock_open option is used to change the behavior of the PCM
+    regarding opening the device.  When this option is non-zero,
+    opening a busy OSS PCM device won't be blocked but return
+    immediately with EAGAIN (just like O_NONBLOCK flag).
+    
+  Module snd-rawmidi
+  ------------------
+
+    This module takes options which change the mapping of devices.
+    similar to those of the snd-pcm-oss module.
+
+    midi_map    - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 1st OSS device.
+                - Default: 0
+    amidi_map   - MIDI device number maps assigned to the 2st OSS device.
+                - Default: 1
+
+  Common parameters for top sound card modules
+  --------------------------------------------
+
+    Each of top level sound card module takes the following options.
+
+    index       - index (slot #) of sound card
+                - Values: 0 through 7 or negative
+                - If nonnegative, assign that index number
+                - if negative, interpret as a bitmask of permissible
+                  indices; the first free permitted index is assigned
+                - Default: -1
+    id          - card ID (identifier or name)
+                - Can be up to 15 characters long
+                - Default: the card type
+                - A directory by this name is created under /proc/asound/
+                  containing information about the card
+                - This ID can be used instead of the index number in
+                  identifying the card
+    enable      - enable card
+                - Default: enabled, for PCI and ISA PnP cards
+
+  Module snd-ad1816a
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on Analog Devices AD1816A/AD1815 ISA chips.
+
+    port        - port # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
+    mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
+    fm_port     - port # for OPL3 (PnP setup)
+    irq         - IRQ # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
+    mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
+    dma1        - first DMA # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
+    dma2        - second DMA # for AD1816A chip (PnP setup)
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and PnP.
+    
+  Module snd-ad1848
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on AD1848/AD1847/CS4248 ISA chips.
+
+    port        - port # for AD1848 chip
+    irq         - IRQ # for AD1848  chip
+    dma1        - DMA # for AD1848 chip (0,1,3)
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe
+    thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
+    
+  Module snd-ali5451
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for ALi M5451 PCI chip.
+
+    pcm_channels    - Number of hardware channels assigned for PCM
+    spdif           - Support SPDIF I/O
+                    - Default: disabled
+
+    Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8).
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+
+  Module snd-als100
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS100/ALS120 ISA chips.
+
+    port        - port # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
+    irq         - IRQ # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
+    dma8        - 8-bit DMA # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
+    dma16       - 16-bit DMA # for ALS100 (SB16) chip (PnP setup)
+    mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
+    mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
+    fm_port     - port # for OPL3 FM (PnP setup)
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and PnP.
+
+  Module snd-als4000
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on Avance Logic ALS4000 PCI chip.
+
+    joystick_port - port # for legacy joystick support.
+                    0 = disabled (default), 1 = auto-detect
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and PnP.
+
+  Module snd-atiixp
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 controllers.
+
+    ac97_clock          - AC'97 clock (defalut = 48000)
+    ac97_quirk          - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
+                          See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
+    spdif_aclink        - S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1)
+
+    This module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+
+  Module snd-atiixp-modem
+  -----------------------
+
+    Module for ATI IXP 150/200/250 AC97 modem controllers.
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
+          slot is excluded.
+
+  Module snd-au8810, snd-au8820, snd-au8830
+  -----------------------------------------
+
+    Module for Aureal Vortex, Vortex2 and Advantage device.
+
+    pcifix      - Control PCI workarounds
+                  0 = Disable all workarounds
+                  1 = Force the PCI latency of the Aureal card to 0xff
+                  2 = Force the Extend PCI#2 Internal Master for Efficient
+                      Handling of Dummy Requests on the VIA KT133 AGP Bridge
+                  3 = Force both settings
+                  255 = Autodetect what is required (default)
+
+    This module supports all ADB PCM channels, ac97 mixer, SPDIF, hardware
+    EQ, mpu401, gameport. A3D and wavetable support are still in development.
+    Development and reverse engineering work is being coordinated at
+    http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/openvortex/
+    SPDIF output has a copy of the AC97 codec output, unless you use the
+    "spdif" pcm device, which allows raw data passthru.
+    The hardware EQ hardware and SPDIF is only present in the Vortex2 and 
+    Advantage.
+
+    Note: Some ALSA mixer applicactions don't handle the SPDIF samplerate 
+           control correctly. If you have problems regarding this, try
+           another ALSA compliant mixer (alsamixer works).
+
+  Module snd-azt2320
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on Aztech System AZT2320 ISA chip (PnP only).
+
+    port        - port # for AZT2320 chip (PnP setup)
+    wss_port    - port # for WSS (PnP setup)
+    mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
+    fm_port     - FM port # for AZT2320 chip (PnP setup)
+    irq         - IRQ # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
+    mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup)
+    dma1        - 1st DMA # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
+    dma2        - 2nd DMA # for AZT2320 (WSS) chip (PnP setup)
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards, PnP and autoprobe.
+    
+  Module snd-azt3328
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on Aztech AZF3328 PCI chip.
+
+    joystick    - Enable joystick (default off)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+  Module snd-bt87x
+  ----------------
+
+    Module for video cards based on Bt87x chips.
+
+    digital_rate - Override the default digital rate (Hz)
+    load_all    - Load the driver even if the card model isn't known
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
+          slot is excluded.
+
+  Module snd-ca0106
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for Creative Audigy LS and SB Live 24bit
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+
+  Module snd-cmi8330
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on C-Media CMI8330 ISA chips.
+
+    wssport     - port # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
+    wssirq      - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
+    wssdma      - first DMA # for CMI8330 chip (WSS)
+    sbport      - port # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
+    sbirq       - IRQ # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
+    sbdma8      - 8bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
+    sbdma16     - 16bit DMA # for CMI8330 chip (SB16)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+
+  Module snd-cmipci
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for C-Media CMI8338 and 8738 PCI sound cards.
+
+    mpu_port    - 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, 0 = disable (default)
+    fm_port     - 0x388 (default), 0 = disable (default)
+    soft_ac3    - Sofware-conversion of raw SPDIF packets (model 033 only)
+                  (default = 1)
+    joystick_port - Joystick port address (0 = disable, 1 = auto-detect)
+
+    Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8).
+    
+  Module snd-cs4231
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on CS4231 ISA chips.
+
+    port        - port # for CS4231 chip
+    mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (optional), -1 = disable
+    irq         - IRQ # for CS4231 chip
+    mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART
+    dma1        - first DMA # for CS4231 chip
+    dma2        - second DMA # for CS4231 chip
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe
+    thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+    
+  Module snd-cs4232
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on CS4232/CS4232A ISA chips.
+
+    port        - port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
+    cport       - control port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
+    mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
+    fm_port     - FM port # for CS4232 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
+    irq         - IRQ # for CS4232 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
+    mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
+    dma1        - first DMA # for CS4232 chip (0,1,3)
+    dma2        - second DMA # for Yamaha CS4232 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
+    isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe
+    thus main port must be specified!!! Other ports are optional.
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+    
+  Module snd-cs4236
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on CS4235/CS4236/CS4236B/CS4237B/
+                                   CS4238B/CS4239 ISA chips.
+
+    port        - port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x534)
+    cport       - control port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x120,0x210,0xf00)
+    mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (PnP setup - 0x300), -1 = disable
+    fm_port     - FM port # for CS4236 chip (PnP setup - 0x388), -1 = disable
+    irq         - IRQ # for CS4236 chip (5,7,9,11,12,15)
+    mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (9,11,12,15)
+    dma1        - first DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3)
+    dma2        - second DMA # for CS4236 chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
+    isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe
+    (if ISA PnP is not used) thus main port and control port must be
+    specified!!! Other ports are optional.
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+
+  Module snd-cs4281
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for Cirrus Logic CS4281 soundchip.
+
+    dual_codec  - Secondary codec ID (0 = disable, default)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+
+  Module snd-cs46xx
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for PCI sound cards based on CS4610/CS4612/CS4614/CS4615/CS4622/
+                                       CS4624/CS4630/CS4280 PCI chips.
+
+    external_amp     - Force to enable external amplifer.
+    thinkpad         - Force to enable Thinkpad's CLKRUN control.
+    mmap_valid       - Support OSS mmap mode (default = 0).
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+    Usually external amp and CLKRUN controls are detected automatically
+    from PCI sub vendor/device ids.  If they don't work, give the options
+    above explicitly.
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+    
+  Module snd-dt019x
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for Diamond Technologies DT-019X / Avance Logic ALS-007 (PnP
+    only)
+
+    port        - Port # (PnP setup)
+    mpu_port    - Port # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
+    fm_port     - Port # for FM OPL-3 (PnP setup)
+    irq         - IRQ # (PnP setup)
+    mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 (PnP setup)
+    dma8        - DMA # (PnP setup)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.  This module is enabled only with
+    ISA PnP support.
+
+  Module snd-dummy
+  ----------------
+
+    Module for the dummy sound card. This "card" doesn't do any output
+    or input, but you may use this module for any application which
+    requires a sound card (like RealPlayer).
+
+  Module snd-emu10k1
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for EMU10K1/EMU10k2 based PCI sound cards.
+                        * Sound Blaster Live!
+                        * Sound Blaster PCI 512
+                        * Emu APS (partially supported)
+                        * Sound Blaster Audigy
+
+    extin   - bitmap of available external inputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
+    extout  - bitmap of available external outputs for FX8010 (see bellow)
+    seq_ports - allocated sequencer ports (4 by default)
+    max_synth_voices - limit of voices used for wavetable (64 by default)
+    max_buffer_size  - specifies the maximum size of wavetable/pcm buffers
+                       given in MB unit.  Default value is 128.
+    enable_ir - enable IR
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+
+    Input & Output configurations                       [extin/extout]
+        * Creative Card wo/Digital out                  [0x0003/0x1f03]
+        * Creative Card w/Digital out                   [0x0003/0x1f0f]
+        * Creative Card w/Digital CD in                 [0x000f/0x1f0f]
+        * Creative Card wo/Digital out + LiveDrive      [0x3fc3/0x1fc3]
+        * Creative Card w/Digital out + LiveDrive       [0x3fc3/0x1fcf]
+        * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + LiveDrive     [0x3fcf/0x1fcf]
+        * Creative Card wo/Digital out + Digital I/O 2  [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
+        * Creative Card w/Digital out + Digital I/O 2   [0x0fc3/0x1f0f]
+        * Creative Card w/Digital CD in + Digital I/O 2 [0x0fcf/0x1f0f]
+        * Creative Card 5.1/w Digital out + LiveDrive   [0x3fc3/0x1fff]
+        * Creative Card 5.1 (c) 2003                    [0x3fc3/0x7cff]
+        * Creative Card all ins and outs                [0x3fff/0x7fff]
+    
+  Module snd-emu10k1x
+  -------------------
+
+    Module for Creative Emu10k1X (SB Live Dell OEM version)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+  Module snd-ens1370
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1370 PCI sound cards.
+                        * SoundBlaster PCI 64
+                        * SoundBlaster PCI 128
+
+    joystick            - Enable joystick (default off)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+    
+  Module snd-ens1371
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for Ensoniq AudioPCI ES1371 PCI sound cards.
+                        * SoundBlaster PCI 64
+                        * SoundBlaster PCI 128
+                        * SoundBlaster Vibra PCI
+
+    joystick_port       - port # for joystick (0x200,0x208,0x210,0x218),
+                          0 = disable (default), 1 = auto-detect
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+    
+  Module snd-es968
+  ----------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on ESS ES968 chip (PnP only).
+
+    port        - port # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
+    irq         - IRQ # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
+    dma1        - DMA # for ES968 (SB8) chip (PnP setup)
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards, PnP and autoprobe.
+    
+  Module snd-es1688
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-1688 and ES-688 sound cards.
+
+    port        - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
+    mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
+    irq         - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
+    mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
+    dma8        - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
+
+  Module snd-es18xx
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for ESS AudioDrive ES-18xx sound cards.
+
+    port        - port # for ES-18xx chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
+    mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable (default)
+    fm_port     - port # for FM (optional, not used)
+    irq         - IRQ # for ES-18xx chip (5,7,9,10)
+    dma1        - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
+    dma2        - first DMA # for ES-18xx chip (0,1,3)
+    isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards ISA PnP and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port
+    if native ISA PnP routines are not used).
+    When dma2 is equal with dma1, the driver works as half-duplex.
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+
+  Module snd-es1938
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on ESS Solo-1 (ES1938,ES1946) chips.
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+
+  Module snd-es1968
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on ESS Maestro-1/2/2E (ES1968/ES1978) chips.
+
+    total_bufsize       - total buffer size in kB (1-4096kB)
+    pcm_substreams_p    - playback channels (1-8, default=2)
+    pcm_substreams_c    - capture channels (1-8, default=0)
+    clock               - clock (0 = auto-detection)
+    use_pm              - support the power-management (0 = off, 1 = on,
+                          2 = auto (default))
+    enable_mpu          - enable MPU401 (0 = off, 1 = on, 2 = auto (default))
+    joystick            - enable joystick (default off)       
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+
+  Module snd-fm801
+  ----------------
+
+    Module for ForteMedia FM801 based PCI sound cards.
+
+    tea575x_tuner       - Enable TEA575x tuner
+                          - 1 = MediaForte 256-PCS
+                          - 2 = MediaForte 256-PCPR
+                          - 3 = MediaForte 64-PCR  
+                          - High 16-bits are video (radio) device number + 1
+                          - example: 0x10002 (MediaForte 256-PCPR, device 1)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+    
+  Module snd-gusclassic
+  ---------------------
+
+    Module for Gravis UltraSound Classic sound card.
+
+    port        - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
+    irq         - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
+    dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
+    dma2        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
+    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
+    voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
+    pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+
+  Module snd-gusextreme
+  ---------------------
+
+    Module for Gravis UltraSound Extreme (Synergy ViperMax) sound card.
+
+    port        - port # for ES-1688 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
+    gf1_port    - port # for GF1 chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260,0x270)
+    mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 port (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330), -1 = disable
+    irq         - IRQ # for ES-1688 chip (5,7,9,10)
+    gf1_irq     - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
+    mpu_irq     - IRQ # for MPU-401 port (5,7,9,10)
+    dma8        - DMA # for ES-1688 chip (0,1,3)
+    dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
+    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
+    voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
+    pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe (without MPU-401 port).
+
+  Module snd-gusmax
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for Gravis UltraSound MAX sound card.
+
+    port        - port # for GF1 chip (0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
+    irq         - IRQ # for GF1 chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
+    dma1        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7)
+    dma2        - DMA # for GF1 chip (1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
+    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
+    voices      - GF1 voices limit (14-32)
+    pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+    
+  Module snd-hda-intel
+  --------------------
+
+    Module for Intel HD Audio (ICH6, ICH6M, ICH7)
+
+    model       - force the model name
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+    Each codec may have a model table for different configurations.
+    If your machine isn't listed there, the default (usually minimal)
+    configuration is set up.  You can pass "model=<name>" option to
+    specify a certain model in such a case.  There are different
+    models depending on the codec chip.
+
+          Model name    Description
+          ----------    -----------
+        ALC880
+          3stack        3-jack in back and a headphone out
+          3stack-digout 3-jack in back, a HP out and a SPDIF out
+          5stack        5-jack in back, 2-jack in front
+          5stack-digout 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, a SPDIF out
+          w810          3-jack
+
+        CMI9880
+          minimal       3-jack in back
+          min_fp        3-jack in back, 2-jack in front
+          full          6-jack in back, 2-jack in front
+          full_dig      6-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF I/O
+          allout        5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF out
+
+  Module snd-hdsp
+  ---------------
+
+    Module for RME Hammerfall DSP audio interface(s)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+    Note: The firmware data can be automatically loaded via hotplug
+          when CONFIG_FW_LOADER is set.  Otherwise, you need to load
+          the firmware via hdsploader utility included in alsa-tools
+          package.
+          The firmware data is found in alsa-firmware package.
+
+    Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
+          module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
+          when any HDSP cards are found.  To make the buffer
+          allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
+          stage of boot sequence.
+
+  Module snd-ice1712
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for Envy24 (ICE1712) based PCI sound cards.
+                        * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010
+                        * MidiMan M Audio Delta 1010LT
+                        * MidiMan M Audio Delta DiO 2496
+                        * MidiMan M Audio Delta 66
+                        * MidiMan M Audio Delta 44
+                        * MidiMan M Audio Delta 410
+                        * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 2496
+                        * TerraTec EWS 88MT
+                        * TerraTec EWS 88D
+                        * TerraTec EWX 24/96
+                        * TerraTec DMX 6Fire
+                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24
+                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Value
+                        * Hoontech SoundTrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
+                        * Digigram VX442
+
+    model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
+                  delta1010, dio2496, delta66, delta44, audiophile, delta410,
+                  delta1010lt, vx442, ewx2496, ews88mt, ews88mt_new, ews88d,
+                  dmx6fire, dsp24, dsp24_value, dsp24_71, ez8
+    omni        - Omni I/O support for MidiMan M-Audio Delta44/66
+    cs8427_timeout - reset timeout for the CS8427 chip (S/PDIF transciever)
+                     in msec resolution, default value is 500 (0.5 sec)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe. Note: The consumer part
+    is not used with all Envy24 based cards (for example in the MidiMan Delta
+    serie).
+
+  Module snd-ice1724
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724) based PCI sound cards.
+                        * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1
+                        * AMP Ltd AUDIO2000
+                        * TerraTec Aureon Sky-5.1, Space-7.1
+
+    model       - Use the given board model, one of the following:
+                  revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, aureon51, aureon71,
+                  k8x800
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+
+  Module snd-intel8x0
+  -------------------
+
+    Module for AC'97 motherboards from Intel and compatibles.
+                        * Intel i810/810E, i815, i820, i830, i84x, MX440
+                        * SiS 7012 (SiS 735)
+                        * NVidia NForce, NForce2
+                        * AMD AMD768, AMD8111
+                        * ALi m5455
+
+    ac97_clock    - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
+    ac97_quirk    - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
+                    The following strings are accepted:
+                      default = don't override the default setting
+                      disable = disable the quirk
+                      hp_only = use headphone control as master
+                      swap_hp = swap headphone and master controls
+                      swap_surround = swap master and surround controls
+                      ad_sharing = for AD1985, turn on OMS bit and use headphone
+                      alc_jack = for ALC65x, turn on the jack sense mode
+                      inv_eapd = inverted EAPD implementation
+                      mute_led = bind EAPD bit for turning on/off mute LED
+                    For backward compatibility, the corresponding integer
+                    value -1, 0, ... are accepted, too.
+    buggy_irq     - Enable workaround for buggy interrupts on some
+                    motherboards (default off)
+
+    Module supports autoprobe and multiple bus-master chips (max 8).
+
+    Note: the latest driver supports auto-detection of chip clock.
+    if you still encounter too fast playback, specify the clock
+    explicitly via the module option "ac97_clock=41194".
+
+    Joystick/MIDI ports are not supported by this driver.  If your
+    motherboard has these devices, use the ns558 or snd-mpu401
+    modules, respectively.
+
+    The ac97_quirk option is used to enable/override the workaround
+    for specific devices.  Some hardware have swapped output pins
+    between Master and Headphone, or Surround.  The driver provides
+    the auto-detection of known problematic devices, but some might
+    be unknown or wrongly detected.  In such a case, pass the proper
+    value with this option.
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+    
+  Module snd-intel8x0m
+  --------------------
+
+    Module for Intel ICH (i8x0) chipset MC97 modems.
+
+    ac97_clock    - AC'97 codec clock base (0 = auto-detect)
+
+    This module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+
+    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
+          slot is excluded.
+
+  Module snd-interwave
+  --------------------
+
+    Module for Gravis UltraSound PnP, Dynasonic 3-D/Pro, STB Sound Rage 32
+    and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip.
+  
+    port        - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
+    irq         - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
+    dma1        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
+    dma2        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
+    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
+    midi        - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
+    pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
+    effect      - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
+                  requires 8 voices
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
+
+  Module snd-interwave-stb
+  ------------------------
+
+    Module for UltraSound 32-Pro (sound card from STB used by Compaq)
+    and other sound cards based on AMD InterWave (tm) chip with TEA6330T
+    circuit for extended control of bass, treble and master volume.
+  
+    port        - port # for InterWave chip (0x210,0x220,0x230,0x240,0x250,0x260)
+    port_tc     - tone control (i2c bus) port # for TEA6330T chip (0x350,0x360,0x370,0x380)
+    irq         - IRQ # for InterWave chip (3,5,9,11,12,15)
+    dma1        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7)
+    dma2        - DMA # for InterWave chip (0,1,3,5,6,7,-1=disable)
+    joystick_dac - 0 to 31, (0.59V-4.52V or 0.389V-2.98V)
+    midi        - 1 = MIDI UART enable, 0 = MIDI UART disable (default)
+    pcm_voices  - reserved PCM voices for the synthesizer (default 2)
+    effect      - 1 = InterWave effects enable (default 0);
+                  requires 8 voices
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
+
+  Module snd-korg1212
+  -------------------
+
+    Module for Korg 1212 IO PCI card
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+  Module snd-maestro3
+  -------------------
+
+    Module for Allegro/Maestro3 chips
+
+    external_amp     - enable external amp (enabled by default)
+    amp_gpio         - GPIO pin number for external amp (0-15) or
+                       -1 for default pin (8 for allegro, 1 for
+                       others) 
+
+    Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8).
+
+    Note: the binding of amplifier is dependent on hardware.
+    If there is no sound even though all channels are unmuted, try to
+    specify other gpio connection via amp_gpio option. 
+    For example, a Panasonic notebook might need "amp_gpio=0x0d"
+    option.
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+
+  Module snd-mixart
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for Digigram miXart8 sound cards.
+
+    Module supports multiple cards.
+    Note: One miXart8 board will be represented as 4 alsa cards.
+          See MIXART.txt for details.
+
+    When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
+    is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
+    Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
+    When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
+    firmware via mixartloader utility in alsa-tools package.
+
+  Module snd-mpu401
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for MPU-401 UART devices.
+
+    port        - port number or -1 (disable)
+    irq         - IRQ number or -1 (disable)
+    pnp         - PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
+
+    Module supports multiple devices (max 8) and PnP.
+    
+  Module snd-mtpav
+  ----------------
+
+    Module for MOTU MidiTimePiece AV multiport MIDI (on the parallel
+    port).
+
+    port        - I/O port # for MTPAV (0x378,0x278, default=0x378)
+    irq         - IRQ # for MTPAV (7,5, default=7)
+    hwports     - number of supported hardware ports, default=8.
+    
+    Module supports only 1 card.  This module has no enable option.
+
+  Module snd-nm256
+  ----------------
+
+    Module for NeoMagic NM256AV/ZX chips
+
+    playback_bufsize - max playback frame size in kB (4-128kB)
+    capture_bufsize  - max capture frame size in kB (4-128kB)
+    force_ac97       - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
+    buffer_top       - specify buffer top address
+    use_cache        - 0 or 1 (disabled by default)
+    vaio_hack        - alias buffer_top=0x25a800
+    reset_workaround - enable AC97 RESET workaround for some laptops
+
+    Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8).
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+
+    Note: on some notebooks the buffer address cannot be detected
+    automatically, or causes hang-up during initialization.
+    In such a case, specify the buffer top address explicity via
+    buffer_top option.
+    For example,
+      Sony F250: buffer_top=0x25a800
+      Sony F270: buffer_top=0x272800
+    The driver supports only ac97 codec.  It's possible to force
+    to initialize/use ac97 although it's not detected.  In such a
+    case, use force_ac97=1 option - but *NO* guarantee whether it
+    works!
+
+    Note: The NM256 chip can be linked internally with non-AC97
+    codecs.  This driver supports only the AC97 codec, and won't work
+    with machines with other (most likely CS423x or OPL3SAx) chips,
+    even though the device is detected in lspci.  In such a case, try
+    other drivers, e.g. snd-cs4232 or snd-opl3sa2.  Some has ISA-PnP
+    but some doesn't have ISA PnP.  You'll need to speicfy isapnp=0
+    and proper hardware parameters in the case without ISA PnP.
+
+    Note: some laptops need a workaround for AC97 RESET.  For the
+    known hardware like Dell Latitude LS and Sony PCG-F305, this
+    workaround is enabled automatically.  For other laptops with a
+    hard freeze, you can try reset_workaround=1 option.
+
+    Note: This driver is really crappy.  It's a porting from the
+    OSS driver, which is a result of black-magic reverse engineering.
+    The detection of codec will fail if the driver is loaded *after*
+    X-server as described above.  You might be able to force to load
+    the module, but it may result in hang-up.   Hence, make sure that
+    you load this module *before* X if you encounter this kind of
+    problem.
+
+  Module snd-opl3sa2
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for Yamaha OPL3-SA2/SA3 sound cards.
+
+    port        - control port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x370)
+    sb_port     - SB port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x220,0x240)
+    wss_port    - WSS port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
+    midi_port   - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
+    fm_port     - FM port # for OPL3-SA chip (0x388), -1 = disable
+    irq         - IRQ # for OPL3-SA chip (5,7,9,10)
+    dma1        - first DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3)
+    dma2        - second DMA # for Yamaha OPL3-SA chip (0,1,3), -1 = disable
+    isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and ISA PnP. This module does not support
+    autoprobe (if ISA PnP is not used) thus all ports must be specified!!!
+    
+    The power-management is supported.
+
+  Module snd-opti92x-ad1848
+  -------------------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Analog Devices AD1848 chips.
+    Module works with OAK Mozart cards as well.
+    
+    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
+    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
+    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
+    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
+    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
+    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
+
+    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
+
+  Module snd-opti92x-cs4231
+  -------------------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c92x and Crystal CS4231 chips.
+    
+    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
+    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
+    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
+    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
+    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
+    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
+    dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
+
+    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
+
+  Module snd-opti93x
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for sound cards based on OPTi 82c93x chips.
+    
+    port      - port # for WSS chip (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
+    mpu_port  - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330)
+    fm_port   - port # for OPL3 device (0x388)
+    irq       - IRQ # for WSS chip (5,7,9,10,11)
+    mpu_irq   - IRQ # for MPU-401 UART (5,7,9,10)
+    dma1      - first DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
+    dma2      - second DMA # for WSS chip (0,1,3)
+
+    This module supports only one card, autoprobe and PnP.
+
+  Module snd-powermac (on ppc only)
+  ---------------------------------
+
+    Module for PowerMac, iMac and iBook on-board soundchips
+
+    enable_beep     - enable beep using PCM (enabled as default)
+
+    Module supports autoprobe a chip.
+
+    Note: the driver may have problems regarding endianess.
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+
+  Module snd-rme32
+  ----------------
+
+    Module for RME Digi32, Digi32 Pro and Digi32/8 (Sek'd Prodif32, 
+    Prodif96 and Prodif Gold) sound cards.
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+  Module snd-rme96
+  ----------------
+
+    Module for RME Digi96, Digi96/8 and Digi96/8 PRO/PAD/PST sound cards.
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+  Module snd-rme9652
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for RME Digi9652 (Hammerfall, Hammerfall-Light) sound cards.
+
+    precise_ptr - Enable precise pointer (doesn't work reliably).
+                  (default = 0)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+    Note: snd-page-alloc module does the job which snd-hammerfall-mem
+          module did formerly.  It will allocate the buffers in advance
+          when any RME9652 cards are found.  To make the buffer
+          allocation sure, load snd-page-alloc module in the early
+          stage of boot sequence.
+
+  Module snd-sa11xx-uda1341 (on arm only)
+  ---------------------------------------
+
+    Module for Philips UDA1341TS on Compaq iPAQ H3600 sound card.
+
+    Module supports only one card.
+    Module has no enable and index options.
+
+  Module snd-sb8
+  --------------
+
+    Module for 8-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 1.0,
+                                         SoundBlaster 2.0,
+                                         SoundBlaster Pro
+
+    port        - port # for SB DSP chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
+    irq         - IRQ # for SB DSP chip (5,7,9,10)
+    dma8        - DMA # for SB DSP chip (1,3)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+    
+  Module snd-sb16 and snd-sbawe
+  -----------------------------
+
+    Module for 16-bit SoundBlaster cards: SoundBlaster 16 (PnP),
+                                          SoundBlaster AWE 32 (PnP),
+                                          SoundBlaster AWE 64 PnP
+
+    port        - port # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0x220,0x240,0x260)
+    mpu_port    - port # for MPU-401 UART (0x300,0x330), -1 = disable
+    awe_port    - base port # for EMU8000 synthesizer (0x620,0x640,0x660)
+                   (snd-sbawe module only)
+    irq         - IRQ # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,7,9,10)
+    dma8        - 8-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (0,1,3)
+    dma16       - 16-bit DMA # for SB DSP 4.x chip (5,6,7)
+    mic_agc     - Mic Auto-Gain-Control - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
+    csp         - ASP/CSP chip support - 0 = disable (default), 1 = enable
+    isapnp      - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and ISA PnP.
+
+    Note: To use Vibra16X cards in 16-bit half duplex mode, you must
+          disable 16bit DMA with dma16 = -1 module parameter.
+          Also, all Sound Blaster 16 type cards can operate in 16-bit
+          half duplex mode through 8-bit DMA channel by disabling their
+          16-bit DMA channel.
+    
+  Module snd-sgalaxy
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for Aztech Sound Galaxy sound card.
+
+    sbport      - Port # for SB16 interface (0x220,0x240)
+    wssport     - Port # for WSS interface (0x530,0xe80,0xf40,0x604)
+    irq         - IRQ # (7,9,10,11)
+    dma1        - DMA #
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+  Module snd-sscape
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for ENSONIQ SoundScape PnP cards.
+
+    port        - Port # (PnP setup)
+    irq         - IRQ # (PnP setup)
+    mpu_irq     - MPU-401 IRQ # (PnP setup)
+    dma         - DMA # (PnP setup)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.  ISA PnP must be enabled.
+    You need sscape_ctl tool in alsa-tools package for loading
+    the microcode.
+
+  Module snd-sun-amd7930 (on sparc only)
+  --------------------------------------
+
+    Module for AMD7930 sound chips found on Sparcs.
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+  Module snd-sun-cs4231 (on sparc only)
+  -------------------------------------
+
+    Module for CS4231 sound chips found on Sparcs.
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+  Module snd-wavefront
+  --------------------
+
+    Module for Turtle Beach Maui, Tropez and Tropez+ sound cards.
+
+    cs4232_pcm_port - Port # for CS4232 PCM interface.
+    cs4232_pcm_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 PCM interface (5,7,9,11,12,15).
+    cs4232_mpu_port - Port # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface.
+    cs4232_mpu_irq  - IRQ # for CS4232 MPU-401 interface (9,11,12,15).
+    use_cs4232_midi - Use CS4232 MPU-401 interface
+                      (inaccessibly located inside your computer)
+    ics2115_port    - Port # for ICS2115
+    ics2115_irq     - IRQ # for ICS2115
+    fm_port         - FM OPL-3 Port #
+    dma1            - DMA1 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
+    dma2            - DMA2 # for CS4232 PCM interface.
+    isapnp          - ISA PnP detection - 0 = disable, 1 = enable (default)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and ISA PnP.
+
+  Module snd-sonicvibes
+  ---------------------
+
+    Module for S3 SonicVibes PCI sound cards.
+                        * PINE Schubert 32 PCI
+
+    reverb    - Reverb Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
+                  - SoundCard must have onboard SRAM for this.
+    mge       - Mic Gain Enable - 1 = enable, 0 = disable (default)
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+
+  Module snd-serial-u16550
+  ------------------------
+
+    Module for UART16550A serial MIDI ports.
+
+    port        - port # for UART16550A chip
+    irq         - IRQ # for UART16550A chip, -1 = poll mode
+    speed       - speed in bauds (9600,19200,38400,57600,115200)
+                  38400 = default
+    base        - base for divisor in bauds (57600,115200,230400,460800)
+                  115200 = default
+    outs        - number of MIDI ports in a serial port (1-4)
+                  1 = default
+    adaptor     - Type of adaptor.
+                  0 = Soundcanvas, 1 = MS-124T, 2 = MS-124W S/A,
+                  3 = MS-124W M/B, 4 = Generic
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards. This module does not support autoprobe
+    thus the main port must be specified!!! Other options are optional.
+
+  Module snd-trident
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for Trident 4DWave DX/NX sound cards.
+                        * Best Union  Miss Melody 4DWave PCI
+                        * HIS  4DWave PCI
+                        * Warpspeed  ONSpeed 4DWave PCI
+                        * AzTech  PCI 64-Q3D
+                        * Addonics  SV 750
+                        * CHIC  True Sound 4Dwave
+                        * Shark  Predator4D-PCI
+                        * Jaton  SonicWave 4D
+
+    pcm_channels   - max channels (voices) reserved for PCM
+    wavetable_size - max wavetable size in kB (4-?kb)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards and autoprobe.
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+
+  Module snd-usb-audio
+  --------------------
+
+    Module for USB audio and USB MIDI devices.
+
+    vid             - Vendor ID for the device (optional)
+    pid             - Product ID for the device (optional)
+
+    This module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and hotplugging.
+
+  Module snd-usb-usx2y
+  --------------------
+
+    Module for Tascam USB US-122, US-224 and US-428 devices.
+
+    This module supports up to 8 cards, autoprobe and hotplugging.
+
+    Note: you need to load the firmware via usx2yloader utility included
+          in alsa-tools and alsa-firmware packages.
+
+  Module snd-via82xx
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for AC'97 motherboards based on VIA 82C686A/686B, 8233,
+    8233A, 8233C, 8235 (south) bridge.
+
+    mpu_port    - 0x300,0x310,0x320,0x330, otherwise obtain BIOS setup
+                  [VIA686A/686B only]
+    joystick    - Enable joystick (default off) [VIA686A/686B only]
+    ac97_clock  - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
+    dxs_support - support DXS channels,
+                  0 = auto (defalut), 1 = enable, 2 = disable,
+                  3 = 48k only, 4 = no VRA
+                  [VIA8233/C,8235 only]
+    ac97_quirk  - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware
+                  See the description of intel8x0 module for details.
+
+    Module supports autoprobe and multiple bus-master chips (max 8).
+
+    Note: on some SMP motherboards like MSI 694D the interrupts might
+          not be generated properly.  In such a case, please try to
+          set the SMP (or MPS) version on BIOS to 1.1 instead of
+          default value 1.4.  Then the interrupt number will be
+          assigned under 15. You might also upgrade your BIOS.
+    
+    Note: VIA8233/5 (not VIA8233A) can support DXS (direct sound)
+          channels as the first PCM.  On these channels, up to 4
+          streams can be played at the same time.
+          As default (dxs_support = 0), 48k fixed rate is chosen
+          except for the known devices since the output is often
+          noisy except for 48k on some mother boards due to the
+          bug of BIOS.
+          Please try once dxs_support=1 and if it works on other
+          sample rates (e.g. 44.1kHz of mp3 playback), please let us
+          know the PCI subsystem vendor/device id's (output of
+          "lspci -nv").
+          If it doesn't work, try dxs_support=4.  If it still doesn't
+          work and the default setting is ok, dxs_support=3 is the
+          right choice.  If the default setting doesn't work at all,
+          try dxs_support=2 to disable the DXS channels.
+          In any cases, please let us know the result and the
+          subsystem vendor/device ids.
+
+    Note: for the MPU401 on VIA823x, use snd-mpu401 driver
+          additonally.  The mpu_port option is for VIA686 chips only.
+
+  Module snd-via82xx-modem
+  ------------------------
+
+    Module for VIA82xx AC97 modem
+
+    ac97_clock  - AC'97 codec clock base (default 48000Hz)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+    Note: The default index value of this module is -2, i.e. the first
+          slot is excluded.
+
+  Module snd-virmidi
+  ------------------
+
+    Module for virtual rawmidi devices.
+    This module creates virtual rawmidi devices which communicate
+    to the corresponding ALSA sequencer ports.
+
+    midi_devs   - MIDI devices # (1-8, default=4)
+    
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+  Module snd-vx222
+  ----------------
+
+    Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX222, V222 v2 and Mic cards.
+
+    mic         - Enable Microphone on V222 Mic (NYI)
+    ibl         - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.
+
+    When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
+    is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
+    Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
+    When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
+    firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.  To invoke
+    vxloader automatically, add the following to /etc/modprobe.conf
+
+        install snd-vx222 /sbin/modprobe --first-time -i snd-vx222 && /usr/bin/vxloader
+
+    (for 2.2/2.4 kernels, add "post-install /usr/bin/vxloader" to
+     /etc/modules.conf, instead.)
+    IBL size defines the interrupts period for PCM.  The smaller size
+    gives smaller latency but leads to more CPU consumption, too.
+    The size is usually aligned to 126.  As default (=0), the smallest
+    size is chosen.  The possible IBL values can be found in
+    /proc/asound/cardX/vx-status proc file.
+
+  Module snd-vxpocket
+  -------------------
+
+    Module for Digigram VX-Pocket VX2 PCMCIA card.
+
+    ibl      - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.  The module is compiled only when
+    PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
+
+    To activate the driver via the card manager, you'll need to set
+    up /etc/pcmcia/vxpocket.conf.  See the sound/pcmcia/vx/vxpocket.c.
+
+    When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
+    is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
+    Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
+    When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
+    firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
+
+    About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
+
+    Note: the driver is build only when CONFIG_ISA is set.
+    
+  Module snd-vxp440
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for Digigram VX-Pocket 440 PCMCIA card.
+
+    ibl      - Capture IBL size. (default = 0, minimum size)
+
+    Module supports up to 8 cards.  The module is compiled only when
+    PCMCIA is supported on kernel.
+
+    To activate the driver via the card manager, you'll need to set
+    up /etc/pcmcia/vxp440.conf.  See the sound/pcmcia/vx/vxp440.c.
+
+    When the driver is compiled as a module and the hotplug firmware
+    is supported, the firmware data is loaded via hotplug automatically.
+    Install the necessary firmware files in alsa-firmware package.
+    When no hotplug fw loader is available, you need to load the
+    firmware via vxloader utility in alsa-tools package.
+
+    About capture IBL, see the description of snd-vx222 module.
+
+    Note: the driver is build only when CONFIG_ISA is set.
+    
+  Module snd-ymfpci
+  -----------------
+
+    Module for Yamaha PCI chips (YMF72x, YMF74x & YMF75x).
+
+    mpu_port      - 0x300,0x330,0x332,0x334, 0 (disable) by default,
+                    1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
+    fm_port       - 0x388,0x398,0x3a0,0x3a8, 0 (disable) by default
+                    1 (auto-detect for YMF744/754 only)
+    joystick_port - 0x201,0x202,0x204,0x205, 0 (disable) by default,
+                    1 (auto-detect)
+    rear_switch   - enable shared rear/line-in switch (bool)
+
+    Module supports autoprobe and multiple chips (max 8).
+
+    The power-management is supported.
+
+  Module snd-pdaudiocf
+  --------------------
+
+    Module for Sound Core PDAudioCF sound card.
+
+    Note: the driver is build only when CONFIG_ISA is set.
+
+
+Configuring Non-ISAPNP Cards
+============================
+
+When the kernel is configured with ISA-PnP support, the modules
+supporting the isapnp cards will have module options "isapnp".
+If this option is set, *only* the ISA-PnP devices will be probed.
+For probing the non ISA-PnP cards, you have to pass "isapnp=0" option
+together with the proper i/o and irq configuration.
+
+When the kernel is configured without ISA-PnP support, isapnp option
+will be not built in.
+
+
+Module Autoloading Support
+==========================
+
+The ALSA drivers can be loaded automatically on demand by defining
+module aliases.  The string 'snd-card-%1' is requested for ALSA native
+devices where %i is sound card number from zero to seven.
+
+To auto-load an ALSA driver for OSS services, define the string
+'sound-slot-%i' where %i means the slot number for OSS, which
+corresponds to the card index of ALSA.  Usually, define this
+as the the same card module.
+
+An example configuration for a single emu10k1 card is like below:
+----- /etc/modprobe.conf
+alias snd-card-0 snd-emu10k1
+alias sound-slot-0 snd-emu10k1
+----- /etc/modprobe.conf
+
+The available number of auto-loaded sound cards depends on the module
+option "cards_limit" of snd module.  As default it's set to 1.
+To enable the auto-loading of multiple cards, specify the number of
+sound cards in that option.
+
+When multiple cards are available, it'd better to specify the index
+number for each card via module option, too, so that the order of
+cards is kept consistent.
+
+An example configuration for two sound cards is like below:
+
+----- /etc/modprobe.conf
+# ALSA portion
+options snd cards_limit=2
+alias snd-card-0 snd-interwave
+alias snd-card-1 snd-ens1371
+options snd-interwave index=0
+options snd-ens1371 index=1
+# OSS/Free portion
+alias sound-slot-0 snd-interwave
+alias sound-slot-1 snd-ens1371
+----- /etc/moprobe.conf
+
+In this example, the interwave card is always loaded as the first card
+(index 0) and ens1371 as the second (index 1).
+
+
+ALSA PCM devices to OSS devices mapping
+=======================================
+
+/dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio0 (/dev/audio) -> minor 4
+/dev/snd/pcmC0D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp0 (/dev/dsp)     -> minor 3
+/dev/snd/pcmC0D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp0 (/dev/adsp)   -> minor 12
+/dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio1              -> minor 4+16 = 20
+/dev/snd/pcmC1D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp1                -> minor 3+16 = 19
+/dev/snd/pcmC1D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp1               -> minor 12+16 = 28
+/dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/audio2              -> minor 4+32 = 36
+/dev/snd/pcmC2D0[c|p]  -> /dev/dsp2                -> minor 3+32 = 39
+/dev/snd/pcmC2D1[c|p]  -> /dev/adsp2               -> minor 12+32 = 44
+
+The first number from /dev/snd/pcmC{X}D{Y}[c|p] expression means
+sound card number and second means device number.  The ALSA devices
+have either 'c' or 'p' suffix indicating the direction, capture and
+playback, respectively.
+
+Please note that the device mapping above may be varied via the module
+options of snd-pcm-oss module.
+
+
+DEVFS support
+=============
+
+The ALSA driver fully supports the devfs extension.
+You should add lines below to your devfsd.conf file:
+
+LOOKUP snd MODLOAD ACTION snd
+REGISTER ^sound/.* PERMISSIONS root.audio 660
+REGISTER ^snd/.* PERMISSIONS root.audio 660
+
+Warning: These lines assume that you have the audio group in your system.
+         Otherwise replace audio word with another group name (root for
+         example).
+
+
+Proc interfaces (/proc/asound)
+==============================
+
+/proc/asound/card#/pcm#[cp]/oss
+-------------------------------
+  String "erase" - erase all additional informations about OSS applications
+  String "<app_name> <fragments> <fragment_size> [<options>]"
+
+   <app_name> - name of application with (higher priority) or without path
+   <fragments> - number of fragments or zero if auto
+   <fragment_size> - size of fragment in bytes or zero if auto
+   <options> - optional parameters
+          - disable   the application tries to open a pcm device for
+                      this channel but does not want to use it.
+                      (Cause a bug or mmap needs)
+                      It's good for Quake etc...
+          - direct    don't use plugins
+          - block     force block mode (rvplayer)
+          - non-block force non-block mode
+          - whole-frag  write only whole fragments (optimization affecting
+                        playback only)
+          - no-silence  do not fill silence ahead to avoid clicks
+
+  Example: echo "x11amp 128 16384" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
+           echo "squake 0 0 disable" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0c/oss
+           echo "rvplayer 0 0 block" > /proc/asound/card0/pcm0p/oss
+
+
+Links
+=====
+
+  ALSA project homepage
+       http://www.alsa-project.org
+