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author | David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> | 2008-03-18 03:37:55 -0400 |
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committer | David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> | 2008-03-18 03:37:55 -0400 |
commit | 577f99c1d08cf9cbdafd4e858dd13ff04d855090 (patch) | |
tree | 0f726bbda9b18d311d4c95198bbd96cb7ac01db0 /Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt | |
parent | 26c0f03f6b77c513cb7bc37b73a06819bdbb791b (diff) | |
parent | 2f633928cbba8a5858bb39b11e7219a41b0fbef5 (diff) |
Merge branch 'master' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-2.6
Conflicts:
drivers/net/wireless/rt2x00/rt2x00dev.c
net/8021q/vlan_dev.c
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1 | How to conserve battery power using laptop-mode | ||
2 | ----------------------------------------------- | ||
3 | |||
4 | Document Author: Bart Samwel (bart@samwel.tk) | ||
5 | Date created: January 2, 2004 | ||
6 | Last modified: December 06, 2004 | ||
7 | |||
8 | Introduction | ||
9 | ------------ | ||
10 | |||
11 | Laptop mode is used to minimize the time that the hard disk needs to be spun up, | ||
12 | to conserve battery power on laptops. It has been reported to cause significant | ||
13 | power savings. | ||
14 | |||
15 | Contents | ||
16 | -------- | ||
17 | |||
18 | * Introduction | ||
19 | * Installation | ||
20 | * Caveats | ||
21 | * The Details | ||
22 | * Tips & Tricks | ||
23 | * Control script | ||
24 | * ACPI integration | ||
25 | * Monitoring tool | ||
26 | |||
27 | |||
28 | Installation | ||
29 | ------------ | ||
30 | |||
31 | To use laptop mode, you don't need to set any kernel configuration options | ||
32 | or anything. Simply install all the files included in this document, and | ||
33 | laptop mode will automatically be started when you're on battery. For | ||
34 | your convenience, a tarball containing an installer can be downloaded at: | ||
35 | |||
36 | http://www.samwel.tk/laptop_mode/laptop_mode/ | ||
37 | |||
38 | To configure laptop mode, you need to edit the configuration file, which is | ||
39 | located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian-based systems, or in | ||
40 | /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. | ||
41 | |||
42 | Unfortunately, automatic enabling of laptop mode does not work for | ||
43 | laptops that don't have ACPI. On those laptops, you need to start laptop | ||
44 | mode manually. To start laptop mode, run "laptop_mode start", and to | ||
45 | stop it, run "laptop_mode stop". (Note: The laptop mode tools package now | ||
46 | has experimental support for APM, you might want to try that first.) | ||
47 | |||
48 | |||
49 | Caveats | ||
50 | ------- | ||
51 | |||
52 | * The downside of laptop mode is that you have a chance of losing up to 10 | ||
53 | minutes of work. If you cannot afford this, don't use it! The supplied ACPI | ||
54 | scripts automatically turn off laptop mode when the battery almost runs out, | ||
55 | so that you won't lose any data at the end of your battery life. | ||
56 | |||
57 | * Most desktop hard drives have a very limited lifetime measured in spindown | ||
58 | cycles, typically about 50.000 times (it's usually listed on the spec sheet). | ||
59 | Check your drive's rating, and don't wear down your drive's lifetime if you | ||
60 | don't need to. | ||
61 | |||
62 | * If you mount some of your ext3/reiserfs filesystems with the -n option, then | ||
63 | the control script will not be able to remount them correctly. You must set | ||
64 | DO_REMOUNTS=0 in the control script, otherwise it will remount them with the | ||
65 | wrong options -- or it will fail because it cannot write to /etc/mtab. | ||
66 | |||
67 | * If you have your filesystems listed as type "auto" in fstab, like I did, then | ||
68 | the control script will not recognize them as filesystems that need remounting. | ||
69 | You must list the filesystems with their true type instead. | ||
70 | |||
71 | * It has been reported that some versions of the mutt mail client use file access | ||
72 | times to determine whether a folder contains new mail. If you use mutt and | ||
73 | experience this, you must disable the noatime remounting by setting the option | ||
74 | DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME to 0 in the configuration file. | ||
75 | |||
76 | |||
77 | The Details | ||
78 | ----------- | ||
79 | |||
80 | Laptop mode is controlled by the knob /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode. This knob is | ||
81 | present for all kernels that have the laptop mode patch, regardless of any | ||
82 | configuration options. When the knob is set, any physical disk I/O (that might | ||
83 | have caused the hard disk to spin up) causes Linux to flush all dirty blocks. The | ||
84 | result of this is that after a disk has spun down, it will not be spun up | ||
85 | anymore to write dirty blocks, because those blocks had already been written | ||
86 | immediately after the most recent read operation. The value of the laptop_mode | ||
87 | knob determines the time between the occurrence of disk I/O and when the flush | ||
88 | is triggered. A sensible value for the knob is 5 seconds. Setting the knob to | ||
89 | 0 disables laptop mode. | ||
90 | |||
91 | To increase the effectiveness of the laptop_mode strategy, the laptop_mode | ||
92 | control script increases dirty_expire_centisecs and dirty_writeback_centisecs in | ||
93 | /proc/sys/vm to about 10 minutes (by default), which means that pages that are | ||
94 | dirtied are not forced to be written to disk as often. The control script also | ||
95 | changes the dirty background ratio, so that background writeback of dirty pages | ||
96 | is not done anymore. Combined with a higher commit value (also 10 minutes) for | ||
97 | ext3 or ReiserFS filesystems (also done automatically by the control script), | ||
98 | this results in concentration of disk activity in a small time interval which | ||
99 | occurs only once every 10 minutes, or whenever the disk is forced to spin up by | ||
100 | a cache miss. The disk can then be spun down in the periods of inactivity. | ||
101 | |||
102 | If you want to find out which process caused the disk to spin up, you can | ||
103 | gather information by setting the flag /proc/sys/vm/block_dump. When this flag | ||
104 | is set, Linux reports all disk read and write operations that take place, and | ||
105 | all block dirtyings done to files. This makes it possible to debug why a disk | ||
106 | needs to spin up, and to increase battery life even more. The output of | ||
107 | block_dump is written to the kernel output, and it can be retrieved using | ||
108 | "dmesg". When you use block_dump and your kernel logging level also includes | ||
109 | kernel debugging messages, you probably want to turn off klogd, otherwise | ||
110 | the output of block_dump will be logged, causing disk activity that is not | ||
111 | normally there. | ||
112 | |||
113 | |||
114 | Configuration | ||
115 | ------------- | ||
116 | |||
117 | The laptop mode configuration file is located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on | ||
118 | Debian-based systems, or in /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. It | ||
119 | contains the following options: | ||
120 | |||
121 | MAX_AGE: | ||
122 | |||
123 | Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are | ||
124 | comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this | ||
125 | amount of work if your battery fails while you're in laptop mode. | ||
126 | |||
127 | MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES: | ||
128 | |||
129 | Automatically disable laptop mode if the remaining number of minutes of | ||
130 | battery power is less than this value. Default is 10 minutes. | ||
131 | |||
132 | AC_HD/BATT_HD: | ||
133 | |||
134 | The idle timeout that should be set on your hard drive when laptop mode | ||
135 | is active (BATT_HD) and when it is not active (AC_HD). The defaults are | ||
136 | 20 seconds (value 4) for BATT_HD and 2 hours (value 244) for AC_HD. The | ||
137 | possible values are those listed in the manual page for "hdparm" for the | ||
138 | "-S" option. | ||
139 | |||
140 | HD: | ||
141 | |||
142 | The devices for which the spindown timeout should be adjusted by laptop mode. | ||
143 | Default is /dev/hda. If you specify multiple devices, separate them by a space. | ||
144 | |||
145 | READAHEAD: | ||
146 | |||
147 | Disk readahead, in 512-byte sectors, while laptop mode is active. A large | ||
148 | readahead can prevent disk accesses for things like executable pages (which are | ||
149 | loaded on demand while the application executes) and sequentially accessed data | ||
150 | (MP3s). | ||
151 | |||
152 | DO_REMOUNTS: | ||
153 | |||
154 | The control script automatically remounts any mounted journaled filesystems | ||
155 | with appropriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this | ||
156 | feature is disabled. | ||
157 | |||
158 | DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME: | ||
159 | |||
160 | When remounting, should the filesystems be remounted with the noatime option? | ||
161 | Normally, this is set to "1" (enabled), but there may be programs that require | ||
162 | access time recording. | ||
163 | |||
164 | DIRTY_RATIO: | ||
165 | |||
166 | The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data | ||
167 | before a writeback is forced, while laptop mode is active. Corresponds to | ||
168 | the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio sysctl. | ||
169 | |||
170 | DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO: | ||
171 | |||
172 | The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data | ||
173 | after a forced writeback is done due to an exceeding of DIRTY_RATIO. Set | ||
174 | this nice and low. This corresponds to the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio | ||
175 | sysctl. | ||
176 | |||
177 | Note that the behaviour of dirty_background_ratio is quite different | ||
178 | when laptop mode is active and when it isn't. When laptop mode is inactive, | ||
179 | dirty_background_ratio is the threshold percentage at which background writeouts | ||
180 | start taking place. When laptop mode is active, however, background writeouts | ||
181 | are disabled, and the dirty_background_ratio only determines how much writeback | ||
182 | is done when dirty_ratio is reached. | ||
183 | |||
184 | DO_CPU: | ||
185 | |||
186 | Enable CPU frequency scaling when in laptop mode. (Requires CPUFreq to be setup. | ||
187 | See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info. Disabled by default.) | ||
188 | |||
189 | CPU_MAXFREQ: | ||
190 | |||
191 | When on battery, what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should use? Legal | ||
192 | values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your CPU is able to operate at, | ||
193 | or a value listed in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies. | ||
194 | |||
195 | |||
196 | Tips & Tricks | ||
197 | ------------- | ||
198 | |||
199 | * Bartek Kania reports getting up to 50 minutes of extra battery life (on top | ||
200 | of his regular 3 to 3.5 hours) using a spindown time of 5 seconds (BATT_HD=1). | ||
201 | |||
202 | * You can spin down the disk while playing MP3, by setting disk readahead | ||
203 | to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk will read a complete MP3 at | ||
204 | once, and will then spin down while the MP3 is playing. (Thanks to Bartek | ||
205 | Kania.) | ||
206 | |||
207 | * Drew Scott Daniels observed: "I don't know why, but when I decrease the number | ||
208 | of colours that my display uses it consumes less battery power. I've seen | ||
209 | this on powerbooks too. I hope that this is a piece of information that | ||
210 | might be useful to the Laptop Mode patch or it's users." | ||
211 | |||
212 | * In syslog.conf, you can prefix entries with a dash ``-'' to omit syncing the | ||
213 | file after every logging. When you're using laptop-mode and your disk doesn't | ||
214 | spin down, this is a likely culprit. | ||
215 | |||
216 | * Richard Atterer observed that laptop mode does not work well with noflushd | ||
217 | (http://noflushd.sourceforge.net/), it seems that noflushd prevents laptop-mode | ||
218 | from doing its thing. | ||
219 | |||
220 | * If you're worried about your data, you might want to consider using a USB | ||
221 | memory stick or something like that as a "working area". (Be aware though | ||
222 | that flash memory can only handle a limited number of writes, and overuse | ||
223 | may wear out your memory stick pretty quickly. Do _not_ use journalling | ||
224 | filesystems on flash memory sticks.) | ||
225 | |||
226 | |||
227 | Configuration file for control and ACPI battery scripts | ||
228 | ------------------------------------------------------- | ||
229 | |||
230 | This allows the tunables to be changed for the scripts via an external | ||
231 | configuration file | ||
232 | |||
233 | It should be installed as /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian, and as | ||
234 | /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on Red Hat, SUSE, Mandrake, and other work-alikes. | ||
235 | |||
236 | --------------------CONFIG FILE BEGIN------------------------------------------- | ||
237 | # Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are | ||
238 | # comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this | ||
239 | # amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode. | ||
240 | #MAX_AGE=600 | ||
241 | |||
242 | # Automatically disable laptop mode when the number of minutes of battery | ||
243 | # that you have left goes below this threshold. | ||
244 | MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=10 | ||
245 | |||
246 | # Read-ahead, in 512-byte sectors. You can spin down the disk while playing MP3/OGG | ||
247 | # by setting the disk readahead to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk | ||
248 | # will read a complete MP3 at once, and will then spin down while the MP3/OGG is | ||
249 | # playing. | ||
250 | #READAHEAD=4096 | ||
251 | |||
252 | # Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes) | ||
253 | #DO_REMOUNTS=1 | ||
254 | |||
255 | # And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes) | ||
256 | #DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=1 | ||
257 | |||
258 | # Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process | ||
259 | # which | ||
260 | # calls write() does its own writeback | ||
261 | #DIRTY_RATIO=40 | ||
262 | |||
263 | # | ||
264 | # Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been | ||
265 | # exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount | ||
266 | # of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once | ||
267 | # some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it. | ||
268 | # | ||
269 | #DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=5 | ||
270 | |||
271 | # kernel default dirty buffer age | ||
272 | #DEF_AGE=30 | ||
273 | #DEF_UPDATE=5 | ||
274 | #DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=10 | ||
275 | #DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=40 | ||
276 | #DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=15 | ||
277 | #DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=30 | ||
278 | #DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=1 | ||
279 | |||
280 | # This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel | ||
281 | # on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in | ||
282 | # centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still | ||
283 | # needs# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for | ||
284 | # external interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't | ||
285 | # need to change this on 2.6. | ||
286 | #XFS_HZ=100 | ||
287 | |||
288 | # Should the maximum CPU frequency be adjusted down while on battery? | ||
289 | # Requires CPUFreq to be setup. | ||
290 | # See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info | ||
291 | #DO_CPU=0 | ||
292 | |||
293 | # When on battery what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should | ||
294 | # use? Legal values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your | ||
295 | # CPU is able to operate at, or a value listed in: | ||
296 | # /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies | ||
297 | # Only applicable if DO_CPU=1. | ||
298 | #CPU_MAXFREQ=slowest | ||
299 | |||
300 | # Idle timeout for your hard drive (man hdparm for valid values, -S option) | ||
301 | # Default is 2 hours on AC (AC_HD=244) and 20 seconds for battery (BATT_HD=4). | ||
302 | #AC_HD=244 | ||
303 | #BATT_HD=4 | ||
304 | |||
305 | # The drives for which to adjust the idle timeout. Separate them by a space, | ||
306 | # e.g. HD="/dev/hda /dev/hdb". | ||
307 | #HD="/dev/hda" | ||
308 | |||
309 | # Set the spindown timeout on a hard drive? | ||
310 | #DO_HD=1 | ||
311 | |||
312 | --------------------CONFIG FILE END--------------------------------------------- | ||
313 | |||
314 | |||
315 | Control script | ||
316 | -------------- | ||
317 | |||
318 | Please note that this control script works for the Linux 2.4 and 2.6 series (thanks | ||
319 | to Kiko Piris). | ||
320 | |||
321 | --------------------CONTROL SCRIPT BEGIN---------------------------------------- | ||
322 | #!/bin/bash | ||
323 | |||
324 | # start or stop laptop_mode, best run by a power management daemon when | ||
325 | # ac gets connected/disconnected from a laptop | ||
326 | # | ||
327 | # install as /sbin/laptop_mode | ||
328 | # | ||
329 | # Contributors to this script: Kiko Piris | ||
330 | # Bart Samwel | ||
331 | # Micha Feigin | ||
332 | # Andrew Morton | ||
333 | # Herve Eychenne | ||
334 | # Dax Kelson | ||
335 | # | ||
336 | # Original Linux 2.4 version by: Jens Axboe | ||
337 | |||
338 | ############################################################################# | ||
339 | |||
340 | # Source config | ||
341 | if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then | ||
342 | # Debian | ||
343 | . /etc/default/laptop-mode | ||
344 | elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then | ||
345 | # Others | ||
346 | . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode | ||
347 | fi | ||
348 | |||
349 | # Don't raise an error if the config file is incomplete | ||
350 | # set defaults instead: | ||
351 | |||
352 | # Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are | ||
353 | # comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this | ||
354 | # amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode. | ||
355 | MAX_AGE=${MAX_AGE:-'600'} | ||
356 | |||
357 | # Read-ahead, in kilobytes | ||
358 | READAHEAD=${READAHEAD:-'4096'} | ||
359 | |||
360 | # Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes) | ||
361 | DO_REMOUNTS=${DO_REMOUNTS:-'1'} | ||
362 | |||
363 | # And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes) | ||
364 | DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=${DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:-'1'} | ||
365 | |||
366 | # Shall we adjust the idle timeout on a hard drive? | ||
367 | DO_HD=${DO_HD:-'1'} | ||
368 | |||
369 | # Adjust idle timeout on which hard drive? | ||
370 | HD="${HD:-'/dev/hda'}" | ||
371 | |||
372 | # spindown time for HD (hdparm -S values) | ||
373 | AC_HD=${AC_HD:-'244'} | ||
374 | BATT_HD=${BATT_HD:-'4'} | ||
375 | |||
376 | # Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process which | ||
377 | # calls write() does its own writeback | ||
378 | DIRTY_RATIO=${DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'} | ||
379 | |||
380 | # cpu frequency scaling | ||
381 | # See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info | ||
382 | DO_CPU=${CPU_MANAGE:-'0'} | ||
383 | CPU_MAXFREQ=${CPU_MAXFREQ:-'slowest'} | ||
384 | |||
385 | # | ||
386 | # Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been | ||
387 | # exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount | ||
388 | # of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once | ||
389 | # some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it. | ||
390 | # | ||
391 | DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'5'} | ||
392 | |||
393 | # kernel default dirty buffer age | ||
394 | DEF_AGE=${DEF_AGE:-'30'} | ||
395 | DEF_UPDATE=${DEF_UPDATE:-'5'} | ||
396 | DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'10'} | ||
397 | DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'} | ||
398 | DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=${DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER:-'15'} | ||
399 | DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL:-'30'} | ||
400 | DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL:-'1'} | ||
401 | |||
402 | # This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel | ||
403 | # on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in | ||
404 | # centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still needs | ||
405 | # some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for external | ||
406 | # interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't need to | ||
407 | # change this on 2.6. | ||
408 | XFS_HZ=${XFS_HZ:-'100'} | ||
409 | |||
410 | ############################################################################# | ||
411 | |||
412 | KLEVEL="$(uname -r | | ||
413 | { | ||
414 | IFS='.' read a b c | ||
415 | echo $a.$b | ||
416 | } | ||
417 | )" | ||
418 | case "$KLEVEL" in | ||
419 | "2.4"|"2.6") | ||
420 | ;; | ||
421 | *) | ||
422 | echo "Unhandled kernel version: $KLEVEL ('uname -r' = '$(uname -r)')" >&2 | ||
423 | exit 1 | ||
424 | ;; | ||
425 | esac | ||
426 | |||
427 | if [ ! -e /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then | ||
428 | echo "Kernel is not patched with laptop_mode patch." >&2 | ||
429 | exit 1 | ||
430 | fi | ||
431 | |||
432 | if [ ! -w /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then | ||
433 | echo "You do not have enough privileges to enable laptop_mode." >&2 | ||
434 | exit 1 | ||
435 | fi | ||
436 | |||
437 | # Remove an option (the first parameter) of the form option=<number> from | ||
438 | # a mount options string (the rest of the parameters). | ||
439 | parse_mount_opts () { | ||
440 | OPT="$1" | ||
441 | shift | ||
442 | echo ",$*," | sed \ | ||
443 | -e 's/,'"$OPT"'=[0-9]*,/,/g' \ | ||
444 | -e 's/,,*/,/g' \ | ||
445 | -e 's/^,//' \ | ||
446 | -e 's/,$//' | ||
447 | } | ||
448 | |||
449 | # Remove an option (the first parameter) without any arguments from | ||
450 | # a mount option string (the rest of the parameters). | ||
451 | parse_nonumber_mount_opts () { | ||
452 | OPT="$1" | ||
453 | shift | ||
454 | echo ",$*," | sed \ | ||
455 | -e 's/,'"$OPT"',/,/g' \ | ||
456 | -e 's/,,*/,/g' \ | ||
457 | -e 's/^,//' \ | ||
458 | -e 's/,$//' | ||
459 | } | ||
460 | |||
461 | # Find out the state of a yes/no option (e.g. "atime"/"noatime") in | ||
462 | # fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the | ||
463 | # value of the option in another mount options string. The device | ||
464 | # is the first argument, the option name the second, and the default | ||
465 | # value the third. The remainder is the mount options string. | ||
466 | # | ||
467 | # Example: | ||
468 | # parse_yesno_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 atime atime defaults,noatime | ||
469 | # | ||
470 | # If fstab contains, say, "rw" for this filesystem, then the result | ||
471 | # will be "defaults,atime". | ||
472 | parse_yesno_opts_wfstab () { | ||
473 | L_DEV="$1" | ||
474 | OPT="$2" | ||
475 | DEF_OPT="$3" | ||
476 | shift 3 | ||
477 | L_OPTS="$*" | ||
478 | PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)" | ||
479 | PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts no$OPT $PARSEDOPTS1)" | ||
480 | # Watch for a default atime in fstab | ||
481 | FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)" | ||
482 | if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT" > /dev/null ; then | ||
483 | # option specified in fstab: extract the value and use it | ||
484 | if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "no$OPT" > /dev/null ; then | ||
485 | echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,no$OPT" | ||
486 | else | ||
487 | # no$OPT not found -- so we must have $OPT. | ||
488 | echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT" | ||
489 | fi | ||
490 | else | ||
491 | # option not specified in fstab -- choose the default. | ||
492 | echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$DEF_OPT" | ||
493 | fi | ||
494 | } | ||
495 | |||
496 | # Find out the state of a numbered option (e.g. "commit=NNN") in | ||
497 | # fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the | ||
498 | # value of the option in another mount options string. The device | ||
499 | # is the first argument, and the option name the second. The | ||
500 | # remainder is the mount options string in which the replacement | ||
501 | # must be done. | ||
502 | # | ||
503 | # Example: | ||
504 | # parse_mount_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 commit defaults,commit=7 | ||
505 | # | ||
506 | # If fstab contains, say, "commit=3,rw" for this filesystem, then the | ||
507 | # result will be "rw,commit=3". | ||
508 | parse_mount_opts_wfstab () { | ||
509 | L_DEV="$1" | ||
510 | OPT="$2" | ||
511 | shift 2 | ||
512 | L_OPTS="$*" | ||
513 | PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)" | ||
514 | # Watch for a default commit in fstab | ||
515 | FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)" | ||
516 | if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT=" > /dev/null ; then | ||
517 | # option specified in fstab: extract the value, and use it | ||
518 | echo -n "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=" | ||
519 | echo ",$FSTAB_OPTS," | sed \ | ||
520 | -e 's/.*,'"$OPT"'=//' \ | ||
521 | -e 's/,.*//' | ||
522 | else | ||
523 | # option not specified in fstab: set it to 0 | ||
524 | echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=0" | ||
525 | fi | ||
526 | } | ||
527 | |||
528 | deduce_fstype () { | ||
529 | MP="$1" | ||
530 | # My root filesystem unfortunately has | ||
531 | # type "unknown" in /etc/mtab. If we encounter | ||
532 | # "unknown", we try to get the type from fstab. | ||
533 | cat /etc/fstab | | ||
534 | grep -v '^#' | | ||
535 | while read FSTAB_DEV FSTAB_MP FSTAB_FST FSTAB_OPTS FSTAB_DUMP FSTAB_DUMP ; do | ||
536 | if [ "$FSTAB_MP" = "$MP" ]; then | ||
537 | echo $FSTAB_FST | ||
538 | exit 0 | ||
539 | fi | ||
540 | done | ||
541 | } | ||
542 | |||
543 | if [ $DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME -eq 1 ] ; then | ||
544 | NOATIME_OPT=",noatime" | ||
545 | fi | ||
546 | |||
547 | case "$1" in | ||
548 | start) | ||
549 | AGE=$((100*$MAX_AGE)) | ||
550 | XFS_AGE=$(($XFS_HZ*$MAX_AGE)) | ||
551 | echo -n "Starting laptop_mode" | ||
552 | |||
553 | if [ -d /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf ] ; then | ||
554 | # (For 2.4 and early 2.6.) | ||
555 | # This only needs to be set, not reset -- it is only used when | ||
556 | # laptop mode is enabled. | ||
557 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf/lm_flush_age | ||
558 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval | ||
559 | elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then | ||
560 | # (A couple of early 2.6 laptop mode patches had these.) | ||
561 | # The same goes for these. | ||
562 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer | ||
563 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval | ||
564 | elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer ] ; then | ||
565 | # (2.6.6) | ||
566 | # But not for these -- they are also used in normal | ||
567 | # operation. | ||
568 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer | ||
569 | echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval | ||
570 | elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then | ||
571 | # (2.6.7 upwards) | ||
572 | # And not for these either. These are in centisecs, | ||
573 | # not USER_HZ, so we have to use $AGE, not $XFS_AGE. | ||
574 | echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs | ||
575 | echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs | ||
576 | echo 3000 > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs | ||
577 | fi | ||
578 | |||
579 | case "$KLEVEL" in | ||
580 | "2.4") | ||
581 | echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode | ||
582 | echo "30 500 0 0 $AGE $AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush | ||
583 | ;; | ||
584 | "2.6") | ||
585 | echo 5 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode | ||
586 | echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs | ||
587 | echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs | ||
588 | echo "$DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio | ||
589 | echo "$DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio | ||
590 | ;; | ||
591 | esac | ||
592 | if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ]; then | ||
593 | cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do | ||
594 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts "$OPTS")" | ||
595 | if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then | ||
596 | FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP) | ||
597 | fi | ||
598 | case "$FST" in | ||
599 | "ext3"|"reiserfs") | ||
600 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts commit "$OPTS")" | ||
601 | mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS,commit=$MAX_AGE$NOATIME_OPT | ||
602 | ;; | ||
603 | "xfs") | ||
604 | mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$OPTS$NOATIME_OPT | ||
605 | ;; | ||
606 | esac | ||
607 | if [ -b $DEV ] ; then | ||
608 | blockdev --setra $(($READAHEAD * 2)) $DEV | ||
609 | fi | ||
610 | done | ||
611 | fi | ||
612 | if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then | ||
613 | for THISHD in $HD ; do | ||
614 | /sbin/hdparm -S $BATT_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 | ||
615 | /sbin/hdparm -B 1 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 | ||
616 | done | ||
617 | fi | ||
618 | if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then | ||
619 | if [ $CPU_MAXFREQ = 'slowest' ]; then | ||
620 | CPU_MAXFREQ=`cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq` | ||
621 | fi | ||
622 | echo $CPU_MAXFREQ > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq | ||
623 | fi | ||
624 | echo "." | ||
625 | ;; | ||
626 | stop) | ||
627 | U_AGE=$((100*$DEF_UPDATE)) | ||
628 | B_AGE=$((100*$DEF_AGE)) | ||
629 | echo -n "Stopping laptop_mode" | ||
630 | echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode | ||
631 | if [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer -a ! -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then | ||
632 | # These need to be restored, if there are no lm_*. | ||
633 | echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer | ||
634 | echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval | ||
635 | elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then | ||
636 | # These need to be restored as well. | ||
637 | echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs | ||
638 | echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs | ||
639 | echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs | ||
640 | fi | ||
641 | case "$KLEVEL" in | ||
642 | "2.4") | ||
643 | echo "30 500 0 0 $U_AGE $B_AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush | ||
644 | ;; | ||
645 | "2.6") | ||
646 | echo "$U_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs | ||
647 | echo "$B_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs | ||
648 | echo "$DEF_DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio | ||
649 | echo "$DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio | ||
650 | ;; | ||
651 | esac | ||
652 | if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ] ; then | ||
653 | cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do | ||
654 | # Reset commit and atime options to defaults. | ||
655 | if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then | ||
656 | FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP) | ||
657 | fi | ||
658 | case "$FST" in | ||
659 | "ext3"|"reiserfs") | ||
660 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts_wfstab $DEV commit $OPTS)" | ||
661 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $PARSEDOPTS)" | ||
662 | mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS | ||
663 | ;; | ||
664 | "xfs") | ||
665 | PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $OPTS)" | ||
666 | mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS | ||
667 | ;; | ||
668 | esac | ||
669 | if [ -b $DEV ] ; then | ||
670 | blockdev --setra 256 $DEV | ||
671 | fi | ||
672 | done | ||
673 | fi | ||
674 | if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then | ||
675 | for THISHD in $HD ; do | ||
676 | /sbin/hdparm -S $AC_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 | ||
677 | /sbin/hdparm -B 255 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 | ||
678 | done | ||
679 | fi | ||
680 | if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then | ||
681 | echo `cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq` > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq | ||
682 | fi | ||
683 | echo "." | ||
684 | ;; | ||
685 | *) | ||
686 | echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" 2>&1 | ||
687 | exit 1 | ||
688 | ;; | ||
689 | |||
690 | esac | ||
691 | |||
692 | exit 0 | ||
693 | --------------------CONTROL SCRIPT END------------------------------------------ | ||
694 | |||
695 | |||
696 | ACPI integration | ||
697 | ---------------- | ||
698 | |||
699 | Dax Kelson submitted this so that the ACPI acpid daemon will | ||
700 | kick off the laptop_mode script and run hdparm. The part that | ||
701 | automatically disables laptop mode when the battery is low was | ||
702 | written by Jan Topinski. | ||
703 | |||
704 | -----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter BEGIN------------------------------ | ||
705 | event=ac_adapter | ||
706 | action=/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh %e | ||
707 | ----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter END--------------------------------- | ||
708 | |||
709 | |||
710 | -----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery BEGIN--------------------------------- | ||
711 | event=battery.* | ||
712 | action=/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh %e | ||
713 | ----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery END------------------------------------ | ||
714 | |||
715 | |||
716 | ----------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh BEGIN----------------------------------- | ||
717 | #!/bin/bash | ||
718 | |||
719 | # ac on/offline event handler | ||
720 | |||
721 | status=`awk '/^state: / { print $2 }' /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/$2/state` | ||
722 | |||
723 | case $status in | ||
724 | "on-line") | ||
725 | /sbin/laptop_mode stop | ||
726 | exit 0 | ||
727 | ;; | ||
728 | "off-line") | ||
729 | /sbin/laptop_mode start | ||
730 | exit 0 | ||
731 | ;; | ||
732 | esac | ||
733 | ---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh END-------------------------- | ||
734 | |||
735 | |||
736 | ---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh BEGIN------------------- | ||
737 | #! /bin/bash | ||
738 | |||
739 | # Automatically disable laptop mode when the battery almost runs out. | ||
740 | |||
741 | BATT_INFO=/proc/acpi/battery/$2/state | ||
742 | |||
743 | if [[ -f /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ]] | ||
744 | then | ||
745 | LM=`cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode` | ||
746 | if [[ $LM -gt 0 ]] | ||
747 | then | ||
748 | if [[ -f $BATT_INFO ]] | ||
749 | then | ||
750 | # Source the config file only now that we know we need | ||
751 | if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then | ||
752 | # Debian | ||
753 | . /etc/default/laptop-mode | ||
754 | elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then | ||
755 | # Others | ||
756 | . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode | ||
757 | fi | ||
758 | MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=${MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:-'10'} | ||
759 | |||
760 | ACTION="`cat $BATT_INFO | grep charging | cut -c 26-`" | ||
761 | if [[ ACTION -eq "discharging" ]] | ||
762 | then | ||
763 | PRESENT_RATE=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "present rate:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" ` | ||
764 | REMAINING=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "remaining capacity:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" ` | ||
765 | fi | ||
766 | if (($REMAINING * 60 / $PRESENT_RATE < $MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES)) | ||
767 | then | ||
768 | /sbin/laptop_mode stop | ||
769 | fi | ||
770 | else | ||
771 | logger -p daemon.warning "You are using laptop mode and your battery interface $BATT_INFO is missing. This may lead to loss of data when the battery runs out. Check kernel ACPI support and /proc/acpi/battery folder, and edit /etc/acpi/battery.sh to set BATT_INFO to the correct path." | ||
772 | fi | ||
773 | fi | ||
774 | fi | ||
775 | ---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh END-------------------- | ||
776 | |||
777 | |||
778 | Monitoring tool | ||
779 | --------------- | ||
780 | |||
781 | Bartek Kania submitted this, it can be used to measure how much time your disk | ||
782 | spends spun up/down. | ||
783 | |||
784 | ---------------------------dslm.c BEGIN----------------------------------------- | ||
785 | /* | ||
786 | * Simple Disk Sleep Monitor | ||
787 | * by Bartek Kania | ||
788 | * Licenced under the GPL | ||
789 | */ | ||
790 | #include <unistd.h> | ||
791 | #include <stdlib.h> | ||
792 | #include <stdio.h> | ||
793 | #include <fcntl.h> | ||
794 | #include <errno.h> | ||
795 | #include <time.h> | ||
796 | #include <string.h> | ||
797 | #include <signal.h> | ||
798 | #include <sys/ioctl.h> | ||
799 | #include <linux/hdreg.h> | ||
800 | |||
801 | #ifdef DEBUG | ||
802 | #define D(x) x | ||
803 | #else | ||
804 | #define D(x) | ||
805 | #endif | ||
806 | |||
807 | int endit = 0; | ||
808 | |||
809 | /* Check if the disk is in powersave-mode | ||
810 | * Most of the code is stolen from hdparm. | ||
811 | * 1 = active, 0 = standby/sleep, -1 = unknown */ | ||
812 | int check_powermode(int fd) | ||
813 | { | ||
814 | unsigned char args[4] = {WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE1,0,0,0}; | ||
815 | int state; | ||
816 | |||
817 | if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args) | ||
818 | && (args[0] = WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE2) /* try again with 0x98 */ | ||
819 | && ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)) { | ||
820 | if (errno != EIO || args[0] != 0 || args[1] != 0) { | ||
821 | state = -1; /* "unknown"; */ | ||
822 | } else | ||
823 | state = 0; /* "sleeping"; */ | ||
824 | } else { | ||
825 | state = (args[2] == 255) ? 1 : 0; | ||
826 | } | ||
827 | D(printf(" drive state is: %d\n", state)); | ||
828 | |||
829 | return state; | ||
830 | } | ||
831 | |||
832 | char *state_name(int i) | ||
833 | { | ||
834 | if (i == -1) return "unknown"; | ||
835 | if (i == 0) return "sleeping"; | ||
836 | if (i == 1) return "active"; | ||
837 | |||
838 | return "internal error"; | ||
839 | } | ||
840 | |||
841 | char *myctime(time_t time) | ||
842 | { | ||
843 | char *ts = ctime(&time); | ||
844 | ts[strlen(ts) - 1] = 0; | ||
845 | |||
846 | return ts; | ||
847 | } | ||
848 | |||
849 | void measure(int fd) | ||
850 | { | ||
851 | time_t start_time; | ||
852 | int last_state; | ||
853 | time_t last_time; | ||
854 | int curr_state; | ||
855 | time_t curr_time = 0; | ||
856 | time_t time_diff; | ||
857 | time_t active_time = 0; | ||
858 | time_t sleep_time = 0; | ||
859 | time_t unknown_time = 0; | ||
860 | time_t total_time = 0; | ||
861 | int changes = 0; | ||
862 | float tmp; | ||
863 | |||
864 | printf("Starting measurements\n"); | ||
865 | |||
866 | last_state = check_powermode(fd); | ||
867 | start_time = last_time = time(0); | ||
868 | printf(" System is in state %s\n\n", state_name(last_state)); | ||
869 | |||
870 | while(!endit) { | ||
871 | sleep(1); | ||
872 | curr_state = check_powermode(fd); | ||
873 | |||
874 | if (curr_state != last_state || endit) { | ||
875 | changes++; | ||
876 | curr_time = time(0); | ||
877 | time_diff = curr_time - last_time; | ||
878 | |||
879 | if (last_state == 1) active_time += time_diff; | ||
880 | else if (last_state == 0) sleep_time += time_diff; | ||
881 | else unknown_time += time_diff; | ||
882 | |||
883 | last_state = curr_state; | ||
884 | last_time = curr_time; | ||
885 | |||
886 | printf("%s: State-change to %s\n", myctime(curr_time), | ||
887 | state_name(curr_state)); | ||
888 | } | ||
889 | } | ||
890 | changes--; /* Compensate for SIGINT */ | ||
891 | |||
892 | total_time = time(0) - start_time; | ||
893 | printf("\nTotal running time: %lus\n", curr_time - start_time); | ||
894 | printf(" State changed %d times\n", changes); | ||
895 | |||
896 | tmp = (float)sleep_time / (float)total_time * 100; | ||
897 | printf(" Time in sleep state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", sleep_time, tmp); | ||
898 | tmp = (float)active_time / (float)total_time * 100; | ||
899 | printf(" Time in active state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", active_time, tmp); | ||
900 | tmp = (float)unknown_time / (float)total_time * 100; | ||
901 | printf(" Time in unknown state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", unknown_time, tmp); | ||
902 | } | ||
903 | |||
904 | void ender(int s) | ||
905 | { | ||
906 | endit = 1; | ||
907 | } | ||
908 | |||
909 | void usage() | ||
910 | { | ||
911 | puts("usage: dslm [-w <time>] <disk>"); | ||
912 | exit(0); | ||
913 | } | ||
914 | |||
915 | int main(int argc, char **argv) | ||
916 | { | ||
917 | int fd; | ||
918 | char *disk = 0; | ||
919 | int settle_time = 60; | ||
920 | |||
921 | /* Parse the simple command-line */ | ||
922 | if (argc == 2) | ||
923 | disk = argv[1]; | ||
924 | else if (argc == 4) { | ||
925 | settle_time = atoi(argv[2]); | ||
926 | disk = argv[3]; | ||
927 | } else | ||
928 | usage(); | ||
929 | |||
930 | if (!(fd = open(disk, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK))) { | ||
931 | printf("Can't open %s, because: %s\n", disk, strerror(errno)); | ||
932 | exit(-1); | ||
933 | } | ||
934 | |||
935 | if (settle_time) { | ||
936 | printf("Waiting %d seconds for the system to settle down to " | ||
937 | "'normal'\n", settle_time); | ||
938 | sleep(settle_time); | ||
939 | } else | ||
940 | puts("Not waiting for system to settle down"); | ||
941 | |||
942 | signal(SIGINT, ender); | ||
943 | |||
944 | measure(fd); | ||
945 | |||
946 | close(fd); | ||
947 | |||
948 | return 0; | ||
949 | } | ||
950 | ---------------------------dslm.c END------------------------------------------- | ||