ext4: Use readahead when reading an inode from the inode table

With modern hard drives, reading 64k takes roughly the same time as
reading a 4k block.  So request readahead for adjacent inode table
blocks to reduce the time it takes when iterating over directories
(especially when doing this in htree sort order) in a cold cache case.
With this patch, the time it takes to run "git status" on a kernel
tree after flushing the caches via "echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches"
is reduced by 21%.

Signed-off-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>

6 files changed, 101 insertions, 72 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt
index 0d5394920a31..289057958f90 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/ext4.txt
@@ -177,6 +177,11 @@ barrier=<0|1(*)>	This enables/disables the use of write barriers in
                         your disks are battery-backed in one way or another,
                         disabling barriers may safely improve performance.
 
+inode_readahead=n       This tuning parameter controls the maximum
+                        number of inode table blocks that ext4's inode
+                        table readahead algorithm will pre-read into
+                        the buffer cache.  The default value is 32 blocks.
+
 orlov           (*)     This enables the new Orlov block allocator. It is
                         enabled by default.
 
@@ -252,6 +257,7 @@ stripe=n		Number of filesystem blocks that mballoc will try
 delalloc        (*)     Deferring block allocation until write-out time.
 nodelalloc              Disable delayed allocation. Blocks are allocation
                         when data is copied from user to page cache.
+
 Data Mode
 =========
 There are 3 different data modes:
diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
index d9ac9706735b..d831d24d2a6c 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt
@@ -956,6 +956,9 @@ Table 1-10: Files in /proc/fs/ext4/<devname>
                  files are packed closely together.  Each large file
                  will have its blocks allocated out of its own unique
                  preallocation pool.
+inode_readahead  Tuning parameter which controls the maximum number of
+                 inode table blocks that ext4's inode table readahead
+                 algorithm will pre-read into the buffer cache
 ..............................................................................
 
 
diff --git a/fs/ext4/ext4.h b/fs/ext4/ext4.h
index 163c44527dde..922d18720c9e 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/ext4.h
+++ b/fs/ext4/ext4.h
@@ -790,6 +790,8 @@ static inline int ext4_valid_inum(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino)
 #define EXT4_DEF_RESUID         0
 #define EXT4_DEF_RESGID         0
 
+#define EXT4_DEF_INODE_READAHEAD_BLKS   32
+
 /*
  * Default mount options
  */
diff --git a/fs/ext4/ext4_sb.h b/fs/ext4/ext4_sb.h
index f92af01138d4..94e0757522a6 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/ext4_sb.h
+++ b/fs/ext4/ext4_sb.h
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ struct ext4_sb_info {
         int s_desc_per_block_bits;
         int s_inode_size;
         int s_first_ino;
+        unsigned int s_inode_readahead_blks;
         spinlock_t s_next_gen_lock;
         u32 s_next_generation;
         u32 s_hash_seed[4];
diff --git a/fs/ext4/inode.c b/fs/ext4/inode.c
index 22fcbb67cd88..ef4ca3d4abc0 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/inode.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/inode.c
@@ -3833,41 +3833,6 @@ out_stop:
         ext4_journal_stop(handle);
 }
 
-static ext4_fsblk_t ext4_get_inode_block(struct super_block *sb,
-                unsigned long ino, struct ext4_iloc *iloc)
-{
-        ext4_group_t block_group;
-        unsigned long offset;
-        ext4_fsblk_t block;
-        struct ext4_group_desc *gdp;
-
-        if (!ext4_valid_inum(sb, ino)) {
-                /*
-                 * This error is already checked for in namei.c unless we are
-                 * looking at an NFS filehandle, in which case no error
-                 * report is needed
-                 */
-                return 0;
-        }
-
-        block_group = (ino - 1) / EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
-        gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, block_group, NULL);
-        if (!gdp)
-                return 0;
-
-        /*
-         * Figure out the offset within the block group inode table
-         */
-        offset = ((ino - 1) % EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb)) *
-                EXT4_INODE_SIZE(sb);
-        block = ext4_inode_table(sb, gdp) +
-                (offset >> EXT4_BLOCK_SIZE_BITS(sb));
-
-        iloc->block_group = block_group;
-        iloc->offset = offset & (EXT4_BLOCK_SIZE(sb) - 1);
-        return block;
-}
-
 /*
  * ext4_get_inode_loc returns with an extra refcount against the inode's
  * underlying buffer_head on success. If 'in_mem' is true, we have all
@@ -3877,19 +3842,35 @@ static ext4_fsblk_t ext4_get_inode_block(struct super_block *sb,
 static int __ext4_get_inode_loc(struct inode *inode,
                                 struct ext4_iloc *iloc, int in_mem)
 {
-        ext4_fsblk_t block;
-        struct buffer_head *bh;
+        struct ext4_group_desc  *gdp;
+        struct buffer_head      *bh;
+        struct super_block      *sb = inode->i_sb;
+        ext4_fsblk_t            block;
+        int                     inodes_per_block, inode_offset;
+
+        iloc->bh = 0;
+        if (!ext4_valid_inum(sb, inode->i_ino))
+                return -EIO;
 
-        block = ext4_get_inode_block(inode->i_sb, inode->i_ino, iloc);
-        if (!block)
+        iloc->block_group = (inode->i_ino - 1) / EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
+        gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, iloc->block_group, NULL);
+        if (!gdp)
                 return -EIO;
 
-        bh = sb_getblk(inode->i_sb, block);
+        /*
+         * Figure out the offset within the block group inode table
+         */
+        inodes_per_block = (EXT4_BLOCK_SIZE(sb) / EXT4_INODE_SIZE(sb));
+        inode_offset = ((inode->i_ino - 1) %
+                        EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb));
+        block = ext4_inode_table(sb, gdp) + (inode_offset / inodes_per_block);
+        iloc->offset = (inode_offset % inodes_per_block) * EXT4_INODE_SIZE(sb);
+
+        bh = sb_getblk(sb, block);
         if (!bh) {
-                ext4_error (inode->i_sb, "ext4_get_inode_loc",
-                                "unable to read inode block - "
-                                "inode=%lu, block=%llu",
-                                 inode->i_ino, block);
+                ext4_error(sb, "ext4_get_inode_loc", "unable to read "
+                           "inode block - inode=%lu, block=%llu",
+                           inode->i_ino, block);
                 return -EIO;
         }
         if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
@@ -3917,28 +3898,12 @@ static int __ext4_get_inode_loc(struct inode *inode,
                  */
                 if (in_mem) {
                         struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh;
-                        struct ext4_group_desc *desc;
-                        int inodes_per_buffer;
-                        int inode_offset, i;
-                        ext4_group_t block_group;
-                        int start;
-
-                        block_group = (inode->i_ino - 1) /
-                                        EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb);
-                        inodes_per_buffer = bh->b_size /
-                                EXT4_INODE_SIZE(inode->i_sb);
-                        inode_offset = ((inode->i_ino - 1) %
-                                        EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(inode->i_sb));
-                        start = inode_offset & ~(inodes_per_buffer - 1);
+                        int i, start;
 
-                        /* Is the inode bitmap in cache? */
-                        desc = ext4_get_group_desc(inode->i_sb,
-                                                block_group, NULL);
-                        if (!desc)
-                                goto make_io;
+                        start = inode_offset & ~(inodes_per_block - 1);
 
-                        bitmap_bh = sb_getblk(inode->i_sb,
-                                ext4_inode_bitmap(inode->i_sb, desc));
+                        /* Is the inode bitmap in cache? */
+                        bitmap_bh = sb_getblk(sb, ext4_inode_bitmap(sb, gdp));
                         if (!bitmap_bh)
                                 goto make_io;
 
@@ -3951,14 +3916,14 @@ static int __ext4_get_inode_loc(struct inode *inode,
                                 brelse(bitmap_bh);
                                 goto make_io;
                         }
-                        for (i = start; i < start + inodes_per_buffer; i++) {
+                        for (i = start; i < start + inodes_per_block; i++) {
                                 if (i == inode_offset)
                                         continue;
                                 if (ext4_test_bit(i, bitmap_bh->b_data))
                                         break;
                         }
                         brelse(bitmap_bh);
-                        if (i == start + inodes_per_buffer) {
+                        if (i == start + inodes_per_block) {
                                 /* all other inodes are free, so skip I/O */
                                 memset(bh->b_data, 0, bh->b_size);
                                 set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
@@ -3969,6 +3934,36 @@ static int __ext4_get_inode_loc(struct inode *inode,
 
 make_io:
                 /*
+                 * If we need to do any I/O, try to pre-readahead extra
+                 * blocks from the inode table.
+                 */
+                if (EXT4_SB(sb)->s_inode_readahead_blks) {
+                        ext4_fsblk_t b, end, table;
+                        unsigned num;
+
+                        table = ext4_inode_table(sb, gdp);
+                        /* Make sure s_inode_readahead_blks is a power of 2 */
+                        while (EXT4_SB(sb)->s_inode_readahead_blks &
+                               (EXT4_SB(sb)->s_inode_readahead_blks-1))
+                                EXT4_SB(sb)->s_inode_readahead_blks = 
+                                   (EXT4_SB(sb)->s_inode_readahead_blks &
+                                    (EXT4_SB(sb)->s_inode_readahead_blks-1));
+                        b = block & ~(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_inode_readahead_blks-1);
+                        if (table > b)
+                                b = table;
+                        end = b + EXT4_SB(sb)->s_inode_readahead_blks;
+                        num = EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
+                        if (EXT4_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb,
+                                       EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_GDT_CSUM))
+                                num -= le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_itable_unused);
+                        table += num / inodes_per_block;
+                        if (end > table)
+                                end = table;
+                        while (b <= end)
+                                sb_breadahead(sb, b++);
+                }
+
+                /*
                  * There are other valid inodes in the buffer, this inode
                  * has in-inode xattrs, or we don't have this inode in memory.
                  * Read the block from disk.
@@ -3978,10 +3973,9 @@ make_io:
                 submit_bh(READ_META, bh);
                 wait_on_buffer(bh);
                 if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
-                        ext4_error(inode->i_sb, "ext4_get_inode_loc",
-                                        "unable to read inode block - "
-                                        "inode=%lu, block=%llu",
-                                        inode->i_ino, block);
+                        ext4_error(sb, __func__,
+                                   "unable to read inode block - inode=%lu, "
+                                   "block=%llu", inode->i_ino, block);
                         brelse(bh);
                         return -EIO;
                 }
diff --git a/fs/ext4/super.c b/fs/ext4/super.c
index 9f5468fb06da..6583aee5177f 100644
--- a/fs/ext4/super.c
+++ b/fs/ext4/super.c
@@ -515,8 +515,10 @@ static void ext4_put_super(struct super_block *sb)
                 mark_buffer_dirty(sbi->s_sbh);
                 ext4_commit_super(sb, es, 1);
         }
-        if (sbi->s_proc)
+        if (sbi->s_proc) {
+                remove_proc_entry("inode_readahead_blks", sbi->s_proc);
                 remove_proc_entry(sb->s_id, ext4_proc_root);
+        }
 
         for (i = 0; i < sbi->s_gdb_count; i++)
                 brelse(sbi->s_group_desc[i]);
@@ -779,6 +781,10 @@ static int ext4_show_options(struct seq_file *seq, struct vfsmount *vfs)
         else if (test_opt(sb, DATA_FLAGS) == EXT4_MOUNT_WRITEBACK_DATA)
                 seq_puts(seq, ",data=writeback");
 
+        if (sbi->s_inode_readahead_blks != EXT4_DEF_INODE_READAHEAD_BLKS)
+                seq_printf(seq, ",inode_readahead_blks=%u",
+                           sbi->s_inode_readahead_blks);
+
         ext4_show_quota_options(seq, sb);
         return 0;
 }
@@ -913,6 +919,7 @@ enum {
         Opt_ignore, Opt_barrier, Opt_err, Opt_resize, Opt_usrquota,
         Opt_grpquota, Opt_extents, Opt_noextents, Opt_i_version,
         Opt_mballoc, Opt_nomballoc, Opt_stripe, Opt_delalloc, Opt_nodelalloc,
+        Opt_inode_readahead_blks
 };
 
 static match_table_t tokens = {
@@ -973,6 +980,7 @@ static match_table_t tokens = {
         {Opt_resize, "resize"},
         {Opt_delalloc, "delalloc"},
         {Opt_nodelalloc, "nodelalloc"},
+        {Opt_inode_readahead_blks, "inode_readahead_blks=%u"},
         {Opt_err, NULL},
 };
 
@@ -1381,6 +1389,13 @@ set_qf_format:
                 case Opt_delalloc:
                         set_opt(sbi->s_mount_opt, DELALLOC);
                         break;
+                case Opt_inode_readahead_blks:
+                        if (match_int(&args[0], &option))
+                                return 0;
+                        if (option < 0 || option > (1 << 30))
+                                return 0;
+                        sbi->s_inode_readahead_blks = option;
+                        break;
                 default:
                         printk(KERN_ERR
                                "EXT4-fs: Unrecognized mount option \"%s\" "
@@ -1938,6 +1953,7 @@ static int ext4_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
         sbi->s_mount_opt = 0;
         sbi->s_resuid = EXT4_DEF_RESUID;
         sbi->s_resgid = EXT4_DEF_RESGID;
+        sbi->s_inode_readahead_blks = EXT4_DEF_INODE_READAHEAD_BLKS;
         sbi->s_sb_block = sb_block;
 
         unlock_kernel();
@@ -2234,6 +2250,11 @@ static int ext4_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent)
         if (ext4_proc_root)
                 sbi->s_proc = proc_mkdir(sb->s_id, ext4_proc_root);
 
+        if (sbi->s_proc)
+                proc_create_data("inode_readahead_blks", 0644, sbi->s_proc,
+                                 &ext4_ui_proc_fops,
+                                 &sbi->s_inode_readahead_blks);
+
         bgl_lock_init(&sbi->s_blockgroup_lock);
 
         for (i = 0; i < db_count; i++) {
@@ -2513,8 +2534,10 @@ failed_mount2:
                 brelse(sbi->s_group_desc[i]);
         kfree(sbi->s_group_desc);
 failed_mount:
-        if (sbi->s_proc)
+        if (sbi->s_proc) {
+                remove_proc_entry("inode_readahead_blks", sbi->s_proc);
                 remove_proc_entry(sb->s_id, ext4_proc_root);
+        }
 #ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
         for (i = 0; i < MAXQUOTAS; i++)
                 kfree(sbi->s_qf_names[i]);