thp: khugepaged

Add khugepaged to relocate fragmented pages into hugepages if new
hugepages become available.  (this is indipendent of the defrag logic that
will have to make new hugepages available)

The fundamental reason why khugepaged is unavoidable, is that some memory
can be fragmented and not everything can be relocated.  So when a virtual
machine quits and releases gigabytes of hugepages, we want to use those
freely available hugepages to create huge-pmd in the other virtual
machines that may be running on fragmented memory, to maximize the CPU
efficiency at all times.  The scan is slow, it takes nearly zero cpu time,
except when it copies data (in which case it means we definitely want to
pay for that cpu time) so it seems a good tradeoff.

In addition to the hugepages being released by other process releasing
memory, we have the strong suspicion that the performance impact of
potentially defragmenting hugepages during or before each page fault could
lead to more performance inconsistency than allocating small pages at
first and having them collapsed into large pages later...  if they prove
themselfs to be long lived mappings (khugepaged scan is slow so short
lived mappings have low probability to run into khugepaged if compared to
long lived mappings).

Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

5 files changed, 1136 insertions, 10 deletions

diff --git a/include/linux/huge_mm.h b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
index d9ab70d776e2..43a694ef8904 100644
--- a/include/linux/huge_mm.h
+++ b/include/linux/huge_mm.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ enum transparent_hugepage_flag {
         TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_REQ_MADV_FLAG,
         TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_FLAG,
         TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_REQ_MADV_FLAG,
+        TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KHUGEPAGED_FLAG,
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
         TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEBUG_COW_FLAG,
 #endif
diff --git a/include/linux/khugepaged.h b/include/linux/khugepaged.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..552f3184756c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/khugepaged.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#ifndef _LINUX_KHUGEPAGED_H
+#define _LINUX_KHUGEPAGED_H
+
+#include <linux/sched.h> /* MMF_VM_HUGEPAGE */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
+extern int __khugepaged_enter(struct mm_struct *mm);
+extern void __khugepaged_exit(struct mm_struct *mm);
+extern int khugepaged_enter_vma_merge(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
+
+#define khugepaged_enabled()                                           \
+        (transparent_hugepage_flags &                                  \
+         ((1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG) |                     \
+          (1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_REQ_MADV_FLAG)))
+#define khugepaged_always()                             \
+        (transparent_hugepage_flags &                   \
+         (1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG))
+#define khugepaged_req_madv()                                   \
+        (transparent_hugepage_flags &                           \
+         (1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_REQ_MADV_FLAG))
+#define khugepaged_defrag()                                     \
+        (transparent_hugepage_flags &                           \
+         (1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KHUGEPAGED_FLAG))
+
+static inline int khugepaged_fork(struct mm_struct *mm, struct mm_struct *oldmm)
+{
+        if (test_bit(MMF_VM_HUGEPAGE, &oldmm->flags))
+                return __khugepaged_enter(mm);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static inline void khugepaged_exit(struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+        if (test_bit(MMF_VM_HUGEPAGE, &mm->flags))
+                __khugepaged_exit(mm);
+}
+
+static inline int khugepaged_enter(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+        if (!test_bit(MMF_VM_HUGEPAGE, &vma->vm_mm->flags))
+                if (khugepaged_always() ||
+                    (khugepaged_req_madv() &&
+                     vma->vm_flags & VM_HUGEPAGE))
+                        if (__khugepaged_enter(vma->vm_mm))
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+        return 0;
+}
+#else /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
+static inline int khugepaged_fork(struct mm_struct *mm, struct mm_struct *oldmm)
+{
+        return 0;
+}
+static inline void khugepaged_exit(struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+}
+static inline int khugepaged_enter(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+        return 0;
+}
+static inline int khugepaged_enter_vma_merge(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+        return 0;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE */
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_KHUGEPAGED_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index f23b5bb6f52e..d747f948b34e 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -434,6 +434,7 @@ extern int get_dumpable(struct mm_struct *mm);
 #endif
                                         /* leave room for more dump flags */
 #define MMF_VM_MERGEABLE        16      /* KSM may merge identical pages */
+#define MMF_VM_HUGEPAGE         17      /* set when VM_HUGEPAGE is set on vma */
 
 #define MMF_INIT_MASK           (MMF_DUMPABLE_MASK | MMF_DUMP_FILTER_MASK)
 
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index f78f50ba6cb2..25e429152ddc 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@
 #include <linux/posix-timers.h>
 #include <linux/user-return-notifier.h>
 #include <linux/oom.h>
+#include <linux/khugepaged.h>
 
 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
@@ -330,6 +331,9 @@ static int dup_mmap(struct mm_struct *mm, struct mm_struct *oldmm)
         retval = ksm_fork(mm, oldmm);
         if (retval)
                 goto out;
+        retval = khugepaged_fork(mm, oldmm);
+        if (retval)
+                goto out;
 
         prev = NULL;
         for (mpnt = oldmm->mmap; mpnt; mpnt = mpnt->vm_next) {
@@ -546,6 +550,7 @@ void mmput(struct mm_struct *mm)
         if (atomic_dec_and_test(&mm->mm_users)) {
                 exit_aio(mm);
                 ksm_exit(mm);
+                khugepaged_exit(mm); /* must run before exit_mmap */
                 exit_mmap(mm);
                 set_mm_exe_file(mm, NULL);
                 if (!list_empty(&mm->mmlist)) {
diff --git a/mm/huge_memory.c b/mm/huge_memory.c
index 7101112a5429..ae2bf08b1099 100644
--- a/mm/huge_memory.c
+++ b/mm/huge_memory.c
@@ -12,14 +12,111 @@
 #include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
 #include <linux/rmap.h>
 #include <linux/swap.h>
+#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
+#include <linux/kthread.h>
+#include <linux/khugepaged.h>
 #include <asm/tlb.h>
 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
 #include "internal.h"
 
+/*
+ * By default transparent hugepage support is enabled for all mappings
+ * and khugepaged scans all mappings. Defrag is only invoked by
+ * khugepaged hugepage allocations and by page faults inside
+ * MADV_HUGEPAGE regions to avoid the risk of slowing down short lived
+ * allocations.
+ */
 unsigned long transparent_hugepage_flags __read_mostly =
-        (1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG);
+        (1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG)|
+        (1<<TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KHUGEPAGED_FLAG);
+
+/* default scan 8*512 pte (or vmas) every 30 second */
+static unsigned int khugepaged_pages_to_scan __read_mostly = HPAGE_PMD_NR*8;
+static unsigned int khugepaged_pages_collapsed;
+static unsigned int khugepaged_full_scans;
+static unsigned int khugepaged_scan_sleep_millisecs __read_mostly = 10000;
+/* during fragmentation poll the hugepage allocator once every minute */
+static unsigned int khugepaged_alloc_sleep_millisecs __read_mostly = 60000;
+static struct task_struct *khugepaged_thread __read_mostly;
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(khugepaged_mutex);
+static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(khugepaged_mm_lock);
+static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(khugepaged_wait);
+/*
+ * default collapse hugepages if there is at least one pte mapped like
+ * it would have happened if the vma was large enough during page
+ * fault.
+ */
+static unsigned int khugepaged_max_ptes_none __read_mostly = HPAGE_PMD_NR-1;
+
+static int khugepaged(void *none);
+static int mm_slots_hash_init(void);
+static int khugepaged_slab_init(void);
+static void khugepaged_slab_free(void);
+
+#define MM_SLOTS_HASH_HEADS 1024
+static struct hlist_head *mm_slots_hash __read_mostly;
+static struct kmem_cache *mm_slot_cache __read_mostly;
+
+/**
+ * struct mm_slot - hash lookup from mm to mm_slot
+ * @hash: hash collision list
+ * @mm_node: khugepaged scan list headed in khugepaged_scan.mm_head
+ * @mm: the mm that this information is valid for
+ */
+struct mm_slot {
+        struct hlist_node hash;
+        struct list_head mm_node;
+        struct mm_struct *mm;
+};
+
+/**
+ * struct khugepaged_scan - cursor for scanning
+ * @mm_head: the head of the mm list to scan
+ * @mm_slot: the current mm_slot we are scanning
+ * @address: the next address inside that to be scanned
+ *
+ * There is only the one khugepaged_scan instance of this cursor structure.
+ */
+struct khugepaged_scan {
+        struct list_head mm_head;
+        struct mm_slot *mm_slot;
+        unsigned long address;
+} khugepaged_scan = {
+        .mm_head = LIST_HEAD_INIT(khugepaged_scan.mm_head),
+};
+
+static int start_khugepaged(void)
+{
+        int err = 0;
+        if (khugepaged_enabled()) {
+                int wakeup;
+                if (unlikely(!mm_slot_cache || !mm_slots_hash)) {
+                        err = -ENOMEM;
+                        goto out;
+                }
+                mutex_lock(&khugepaged_mutex);
+                if (!khugepaged_thread)
+                        khugepaged_thread = kthread_run(khugepaged, NULL,
+                                                        "khugepaged");
+                if (unlikely(IS_ERR(khugepaged_thread))) {
+                        printk(KERN_ERR
+                               "khugepaged: kthread_run(khugepaged) failed\n");
+                        err = PTR_ERR(khugepaged_thread);
+                        khugepaged_thread = NULL;
+                }
+                wakeup = !list_empty(&khugepaged_scan.mm_head);
+                mutex_unlock(&khugepaged_mutex);
+                if (wakeup)
+                        wake_up_interruptible(&khugepaged_wait);
+        } else
+                /* wakeup to exit */
+                wake_up_interruptible(&khugepaged_wait);
+out:
+        return err;
+}
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
+
 static ssize_t double_flag_show(struct kobject *kobj,
                                 struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf,
                                 enum transparent_hugepage_flag enabled,
@@ -68,9 +165,19 @@ static ssize_t enabled_store(struct kobject *kobj,
                              struct kobj_attribute *attr,
                              const char *buf, size_t count)
 {
-        return double_flag_store(kobj, attr, buf, count,
-                                 TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG,
-                                 TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_REQ_MADV_FLAG);
+        ssize_t ret;
+
+        ret = double_flag_store(kobj, attr, buf, count,
+                                TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_FLAG,
+                                TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_REQ_MADV_FLAG);
+
+        if (ret > 0) {
+                int err = start_khugepaged();
+                if (err)
+                        ret = err;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
 }
 static struct kobj_attribute enabled_attr =
         __ATTR(enabled, 0644, enabled_show, enabled_store);
@@ -153,20 +260,212 @@ static struct attribute *hugepage_attr[] = {
 
 static struct attribute_group hugepage_attr_group = {
         .attrs = hugepage_attr,
-        .name = "transparent_hugepage",
+};
+
+static ssize_t scan_sleep_millisecs_show(struct kobject *kobj,
+                                         struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+                                         char *buf)
+{
+        return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_scan_sleep_millisecs);
+}
+
+static ssize_t scan_sleep_millisecs_store(struct kobject *kobj,
+                                          struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+                                          const char *buf, size_t count)
+{
+        unsigned long msecs;
+        int err;
+
+        err = strict_strtoul(buf, 10, &msecs);
+        if (err || msecs > UINT_MAX)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        khugepaged_scan_sleep_millisecs = msecs;
+        wake_up_interruptible(&khugepaged_wait);
+
+        return count;
+}
+static struct kobj_attribute scan_sleep_millisecs_attr =
+        __ATTR(scan_sleep_millisecs, 0644, scan_sleep_millisecs_show,
+               scan_sleep_millisecs_store);
+
+static ssize_t alloc_sleep_millisecs_show(struct kobject *kobj,
+                                          struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+                                          char *buf)
+{
+        return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_alloc_sleep_millisecs);
+}
+
+static ssize_t alloc_sleep_millisecs_store(struct kobject *kobj,
+                                           struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+                                           const char *buf, size_t count)
+{
+        unsigned long msecs;
+        int err;
+
+        err = strict_strtoul(buf, 10, &msecs);
+        if (err || msecs > UINT_MAX)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        khugepaged_alloc_sleep_millisecs = msecs;
+        wake_up_interruptible(&khugepaged_wait);
+
+        return count;
+}
+static struct kobj_attribute alloc_sleep_millisecs_attr =
+        __ATTR(alloc_sleep_millisecs, 0644, alloc_sleep_millisecs_show,
+               alloc_sleep_millisecs_store);
+
+static ssize_t pages_to_scan_show(struct kobject *kobj,
+                                  struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+                                  char *buf)
+{
+        return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_pages_to_scan);
+}
+static ssize_t pages_to_scan_store(struct kobject *kobj,
+                                   struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+                                   const char *buf, size_t count)
+{
+        int err;
+        unsigned long pages;
+
+        err = strict_strtoul(buf, 10, &pages);
+        if (err || !pages || pages > UINT_MAX)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        khugepaged_pages_to_scan = pages;
+
+        return count;
+}
+static struct kobj_attribute pages_to_scan_attr =
+        __ATTR(pages_to_scan, 0644, pages_to_scan_show,
+               pages_to_scan_store);
+
+static ssize_t pages_collapsed_show(struct kobject *kobj,
+                                    struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+                                    char *buf)
+{
+        return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_pages_collapsed);
+}
+static struct kobj_attribute pages_collapsed_attr =
+        __ATTR_RO(pages_collapsed);
+
+static ssize_t full_scans_show(struct kobject *kobj,
+                               struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+                               char *buf)
+{
+        return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_full_scans);
+}
+static struct kobj_attribute full_scans_attr =
+        __ATTR_RO(full_scans);
+
+static ssize_t khugepaged_defrag_show(struct kobject *kobj,
+                                      struct kobj_attribute *attr, char *buf)
+{
+        return single_flag_show(kobj, attr, buf,
+                                TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KHUGEPAGED_FLAG);
+}
+static ssize_t khugepaged_defrag_store(struct kobject *kobj,
+                                       struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+                                       const char *buf, size_t count)
+{
+        return single_flag_store(kobj, attr, buf, count,
+                                 TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE_DEFRAG_KHUGEPAGED_FLAG);
+}
+static struct kobj_attribute khugepaged_defrag_attr =
+        __ATTR(defrag, 0644, khugepaged_defrag_show,
+               khugepaged_defrag_store);
+
+/*
+ * max_ptes_none controls if khugepaged should collapse hugepages over
+ * any unmapped ptes in turn potentially increasing the memory
+ * footprint of the vmas. When max_ptes_none is 0 khugepaged will not
+ * reduce the available free memory in the system as it
+ * runs. Increasing max_ptes_none will instead potentially reduce the
+ * free memory in the system during the khugepaged scan.
+ */
+static ssize_t khugepaged_max_ptes_none_show(struct kobject *kobj,
+                                             struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+                                             char *buf)
+{
+        return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", khugepaged_max_ptes_none);
+}
+static ssize_t khugepaged_max_ptes_none_store(struct kobject *kobj,
+                                              struct kobj_attribute *attr,
+                                              const char *buf, size_t count)
+{
+        int err;
+        unsigned long max_ptes_none;
+
+        err = strict_strtoul(buf, 10, &max_ptes_none);
+        if (err || max_ptes_none > HPAGE_PMD_NR-1)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        khugepaged_max_ptes_none = max_ptes_none;
+
+        return count;
+}
+static struct kobj_attribute khugepaged_max_ptes_none_attr =
+        __ATTR(max_ptes_none, 0644, khugepaged_max_ptes_none_show,
+               khugepaged_max_ptes_none_store);
+
+static struct attribute *khugepaged_attr[] = {
+        &khugepaged_defrag_attr.attr,
+        &khugepaged_max_ptes_none_attr.attr,
+        &pages_to_scan_attr.attr,
+        &pages_collapsed_attr.attr,
+        &full_scans_attr.attr,
+        &scan_sleep_millisecs_attr.attr,
+        &alloc_sleep_millisecs_attr.attr,
+        NULL,
+};
+
+static struct attribute_group khugepaged_attr_group = {
+        .attrs = khugepaged_attr,
+        .name = "khugepaged",
 };
 #endif /* CONFIG_SYSFS */
 
 static int __init hugepage_init(void)
 {
-#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
         int err;
+#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
+        static struct kobject *hugepage_kobj;
 
-        err = sysfs_create_group(mm_kobj, &hugepage_attr_group);
-        if (err)
-                printk(KERN_ERR "hugepage: register sysfs failed\n");
+        err = -ENOMEM;
+        hugepage_kobj = kobject_create_and_add("transparent_hugepage", mm_kobj);
+        if (unlikely(!hugepage_kobj)) {
+                printk(KERN_ERR "hugepage: failed kobject create\n");
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        err = sysfs_create_group(hugepage_kobj, &hugepage_attr_group);
+        if (err) {
+                printk(KERN_ERR "hugepage: failed register hugeage group\n");
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        err = sysfs_create_group(hugepage_kobj, &khugepaged_attr_group);
+        if (err) {
+                printk(KERN_ERR "hugepage: failed register hugeage group\n");
+                goto out;
+        }
 #endif
-        return 0;
+
+        err = khugepaged_slab_init();
+        if (err)
+                goto out;
+
+        err = mm_slots_hash_init();
+        if (err) {
+                khugepaged_slab_free();
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        start_khugepaged();
+
+out:
+        return err;
 }
 module_init(hugepage_init)
 
@@ -285,6 +584,8 @@ int do_huge_pmd_anonymous_page(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
         if (haddr >= vma->vm_start && haddr + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE <= vma->vm_end) {
                 if (unlikely(anon_vma_prepare(vma)))
                         return VM_FAULT_OOM;
+                if (unlikely(khugepaged_enter(vma)))
+                        return VM_FAULT_OOM;
                 page = alloc_hugepage(transparent_hugepage_defrag(vma));
                 if (unlikely(!page))
                         goto out;
@@ -941,6 +1242,758 @@ int hugepage_madvise(unsigned long *vm_flags)
         return 0;
 }
 
+static int __init khugepaged_slab_init(void)
+{
+        mm_slot_cache = kmem_cache_create("khugepaged_mm_slot",
+                                          sizeof(struct mm_slot),
+                                          __alignof__(struct mm_slot), 0, NULL);
+        if (!mm_slot_cache)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void __init khugepaged_slab_free(void)
+{
+        kmem_cache_destroy(mm_slot_cache);
+        mm_slot_cache = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline struct mm_slot *alloc_mm_slot(void)
+{
+        if (!mm_slot_cache)     /* initialization failed */
+                return NULL;
+        return kmem_cache_zalloc(mm_slot_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
+}
+
+static inline void free_mm_slot(struct mm_slot *mm_slot)
+{
+        kmem_cache_free(mm_slot_cache, mm_slot);
+}
+
+static int __init mm_slots_hash_init(void)
+{
+        mm_slots_hash = kzalloc(MM_SLOTS_HASH_HEADS * sizeof(struct hlist_head),
+                                GFP_KERNEL);
+        if (!mm_slots_hash)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+#if 0
+static void __init mm_slots_hash_free(void)
+{
+        kfree(mm_slots_hash);
+        mm_slots_hash = NULL;
+}
+#endif
+
+static struct mm_slot *get_mm_slot(struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+        struct mm_slot *mm_slot;
+        struct hlist_head *bucket;
+        struct hlist_node *node;
+
+        bucket = &mm_slots_hash[((unsigned long)mm / sizeof(struct mm_struct))
+                                % MM_SLOTS_HASH_HEADS];
+        hlist_for_each_entry(mm_slot, node, bucket, hash) {
+                if (mm == mm_slot->mm)
+                        return mm_slot;
+        }
+        return NULL;
+}
+
+static void insert_to_mm_slots_hash(struct mm_struct *mm,
+                                    struct mm_slot *mm_slot)
+{
+        struct hlist_head *bucket;
+
+        bucket = &mm_slots_hash[((unsigned long)mm / sizeof(struct mm_struct))
+                                % MM_SLOTS_HASH_HEADS];
+        mm_slot->mm = mm;
+        hlist_add_head(&mm_slot->hash, bucket);
+}
+
+static inline int khugepaged_test_exit(struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+        return atomic_read(&mm->mm_users) == 0;
+}
+
+int __khugepaged_enter(struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+        struct mm_slot *mm_slot;
+        int wakeup;
+
+        mm_slot = alloc_mm_slot();
+        if (!mm_slot)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        /* __khugepaged_exit() must not run from under us */
+        VM_BUG_ON(khugepaged_test_exit(mm));
+        if (unlikely(test_and_set_bit(MMF_VM_HUGEPAGE, &mm->flags))) {
+                free_mm_slot(mm_slot);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        spin_lock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
+        insert_to_mm_slots_hash(mm, mm_slot);
+        /*
+         * Insert just behind the scanning cursor, to let the area settle
+         * down a little.
+         */
+        wakeup = list_empty(&khugepaged_scan.mm_head);
+        list_add_tail(&mm_slot->mm_node, &khugepaged_scan.mm_head);
+        spin_unlock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
+
+        atomic_inc(&mm->mm_count);
+        if (wakeup)
+                wake_up_interruptible(&khugepaged_wait);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int khugepaged_enter_vma_merge(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+        unsigned long hstart, hend;
+        if (!vma->anon_vma)
+                /*
+                 * Not yet faulted in so we will register later in the
+                 * page fault if needed.
+                 */
+                return 0;
+        if (vma->vm_file || vma->vm_ops)
+                /* khugepaged not yet working on file or special mappings */
+                return 0;
+        VM_BUG_ON(is_linear_pfn_mapping(vma) || is_pfn_mapping(vma));
+        hstart = (vma->vm_start + ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK) & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
+        hend = vma->vm_end & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
+        if (hstart < hend)
+                return khugepaged_enter(vma);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void __khugepaged_exit(struct mm_struct *mm)
+{
+        struct mm_slot *mm_slot;
+        int free = 0;
+
+        spin_lock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
+        mm_slot = get_mm_slot(mm);
+        if (mm_slot && khugepaged_scan.mm_slot != mm_slot) {
+                hlist_del(&mm_slot->hash);
+                list_del(&mm_slot->mm_node);
+                free = 1;
+        }
+
+        if (free) {
+                spin_unlock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
+                clear_bit(MMF_VM_HUGEPAGE, &mm->flags);
+                free_mm_slot(mm_slot);
+                mmdrop(mm);
+        } else if (mm_slot) {
+                spin_unlock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
+                /*
+                 * This is required to serialize against
+                 * khugepaged_test_exit() (which is guaranteed to run
+                 * under mmap sem read mode). Stop here (after we
+                 * return all pagetables will be destroyed) until
+                 * khugepaged has finished working on the pagetables
+                 * under the mmap_sem.
+                 */
+                down_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
+                up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
+        } else
+                spin_unlock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
+}
+
+static void release_pte_page(struct page *page)
+{
+        /* 0 stands for page_is_file_cache(page) == false */
+        dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_ISOLATED_ANON + 0);
+        unlock_page(page);
+        putback_lru_page(page);
+}
+
+static void release_pte_pages(pte_t *pte, pte_t *_pte)
+{
+        while (--_pte >= pte) {
+                pte_t pteval = *_pte;
+                if (!pte_none(pteval))
+                        release_pte_page(pte_page(pteval));
+        }
+}
+
+static void release_all_pte_pages(pte_t *pte)
+{
+        release_pte_pages(pte, pte + HPAGE_PMD_NR);
+}
+
+static int __collapse_huge_page_isolate(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+                                        unsigned long address,
+                                        pte_t *pte)
+{
+        struct page *page;
+        pte_t *_pte;
+        int referenced = 0, isolated = 0, none = 0;
+        for (_pte = pte; _pte < pte+HPAGE_PMD_NR;
+             _pte++, address += PAGE_SIZE) {
+                pte_t pteval = *_pte;
+                if (pte_none(pteval)) {
+                        if (++none <= khugepaged_max_ptes_none)
+                                continue;
+                        else {
+                                release_pte_pages(pte, _pte);
+                                goto out;
+                        }
+                }
+                if (!pte_present(pteval) || !pte_write(pteval)) {
+                        release_pte_pages(pte, _pte);
+                        goto out;
+                }
+                page = vm_normal_page(vma, address, pteval);
+                if (unlikely(!page)) {
+                        release_pte_pages(pte, _pte);
+                        goto out;
+                }
+                VM_BUG_ON(PageCompound(page));
+                BUG_ON(!PageAnon(page));
+                VM_BUG_ON(!PageSwapBacked(page));
+
+                /* cannot use mapcount: can't collapse if there's a gup pin */
+                if (page_count(page) != 1) {
+                        release_pte_pages(pte, _pte);
+                        goto out;
+                }
+                /*
+                 * We can do it before isolate_lru_page because the
+                 * page can't be freed from under us. NOTE: PG_lock
+                 * is needed to serialize against split_huge_page
+                 * when invoked from the VM.
+                 */
+                if (!trylock_page(page)) {
+                        release_pte_pages(pte, _pte);
+                        goto out;
+                }
+                /*
+                 * Isolate the page to avoid collapsing an hugepage
+                 * currently in use by the VM.
+                 */
+                if (isolate_lru_page(page)) {
+                        unlock_page(page);
+                        release_pte_pages(pte, _pte);
+                        goto out;
+                }
+                /* 0 stands for page_is_file_cache(page) == false */
+                inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_ISOLATED_ANON + 0);
+                VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
+                VM_BUG_ON(PageLRU(page));
+
+                /* If there is no mapped pte young don't collapse the page */
+                if (pte_young(pteval))
+                        referenced = 1;
+        }
+        if (unlikely(!referenced))
+                release_all_pte_pages(pte);
+        else
+                isolated = 1;
+out:
+        return isolated;
+}
+
+static void __collapse_huge_page_copy(pte_t *pte, struct page *page,
+                                      struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+                                      unsigned long address,
+                                      spinlock_t *ptl)
+{
+        pte_t *_pte;
+        for (_pte = pte; _pte < pte+HPAGE_PMD_NR; _pte++) {
+                pte_t pteval = *_pte;
+                struct page *src_page;
+
+                if (pte_none(pteval)) {
+                        clear_user_highpage(page, address);
+                        add_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES, 1);
+                } else {
+                        src_page = pte_page(pteval);
+                        copy_user_highpage(page, src_page, address, vma);
+                        VM_BUG_ON(page_mapcount(src_page) != 1);
+                        VM_BUG_ON(page_count(src_page) != 2);
+                        release_pte_page(src_page);
+                        /*
+                         * ptl mostly unnecessary, but preempt has to
+                         * be disabled to update the per-cpu stats
+                         * inside page_remove_rmap().
+                         */
+                        spin_lock(ptl);
+                        /*
+                         * paravirt calls inside pte_clear here are
+                         * superfluous.
+                         */
+                        pte_clear(vma->vm_mm, address, _pte);
+                        page_remove_rmap(src_page);
+                        spin_unlock(ptl);
+                        free_page_and_swap_cache(src_page);
+                }
+
+                address += PAGE_SIZE;
+                page++;
+        }
+}
+
+static void collapse_huge_page(struct mm_struct *mm,
+                               unsigned long address,
+                               struct page **hpage)
+{
+        struct vm_area_struct *vma;
+        pgd_t *pgd;
+        pud_t *pud;
+        pmd_t *pmd, _pmd;
+        pte_t *pte;
+        pgtable_t pgtable;
+        struct page *new_page;
+        spinlock_t *ptl;
+        int isolated;
+        unsigned long hstart, hend;
+
+        VM_BUG_ON(address & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK);
+        VM_BUG_ON(!*hpage);
+
+        /*
+         * Prevent all access to pagetables with the exception of
+         * gup_fast later hanlded by the ptep_clear_flush and the VM
+         * handled by the anon_vma lock + PG_lock.
+         */
+        down_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
+        if (unlikely(khugepaged_test_exit(mm)))
+                goto out;
+
+        vma = find_vma(mm, address);
+        hstart = (vma->vm_start + ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK) & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
+        hend = vma->vm_end & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
+        if (address < hstart || address + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE > hend)
+                goto out;
+
+        if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_HUGEPAGE) && !khugepaged_always())
+                goto out;
+
+        /* VM_PFNMAP vmas may have vm_ops null but vm_file set */
+        if (!vma->anon_vma || vma->vm_ops || vma->vm_file)
+                goto out;
+        VM_BUG_ON(is_linear_pfn_mapping(vma) || is_pfn_mapping(vma));
+
+        pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address);
+        if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
+                goto out;
+
+        pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
+        if (!pud_present(*pud))
+                goto out;
+
+        pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
+        /* pmd can't go away or become huge under us */
+        if (!pmd_present(*pmd) || pmd_trans_huge(*pmd))
+                goto out;
+
+        new_page = *hpage;
+        if (unlikely(mem_cgroup_newpage_charge(new_page, mm, GFP_KERNEL)))
+                goto out;
+
+        anon_vma_lock(vma->anon_vma);
+
+        pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, address);
+        ptl = pte_lockptr(mm, pmd);
+
+        spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock); /* probably unnecessary */
+        /*
+         * After this gup_fast can't run anymore. This also removes
+         * any huge TLB entry from the CPU so we won't allow
+         * huge and small TLB entries for the same virtual address
+         * to avoid the risk of CPU bugs in that area.
+         */
+        _pmd = pmdp_clear_flush_notify(vma, address, pmd);
+        spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
+
+        spin_lock(ptl);
+        isolated = __collapse_huge_page_isolate(vma, address, pte);
+        spin_unlock(ptl);
+        pte_unmap(pte);
+
+        if (unlikely(!isolated)) {
+                spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
+                BUG_ON(!pmd_none(*pmd));
+                set_pmd_at(mm, address, pmd, _pmd);
+                spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
+                anon_vma_unlock(vma->anon_vma);
+                mem_cgroup_uncharge_page(new_page);
+                goto out;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * All pages are isolated and locked so anon_vma rmap
+         * can't run anymore.
+         */
+        anon_vma_unlock(vma->anon_vma);
+
+        __collapse_huge_page_copy(pte, new_page, vma, address, ptl);
+        __SetPageUptodate(new_page);
+        pgtable = pmd_pgtable(_pmd);
+        VM_BUG_ON(page_count(pgtable) != 1);
+        VM_BUG_ON(page_mapcount(pgtable) != 0);
+
+        _pmd = mk_pmd(new_page, vma->vm_page_prot);
+        _pmd = maybe_pmd_mkwrite(pmd_mkdirty(_pmd), vma);
+        _pmd = pmd_mkhuge(_pmd);
+
+        /*
+         * spin_lock() below is not the equivalent of smp_wmb(), so
+         * this is needed to avoid the copy_huge_page writes to become
+         * visible after the set_pmd_at() write.
+         */
+        smp_wmb();
+
+        spin_lock(&mm->page_table_lock);
+        BUG_ON(!pmd_none(*pmd));
+        page_add_new_anon_rmap(new_page, vma, address);
+        set_pmd_at(mm, address, pmd, _pmd);
+        update_mmu_cache(vma, address, entry);
+        prepare_pmd_huge_pte(pgtable, mm);
+        mm->nr_ptes--;
+        spin_unlock(&mm->page_table_lock);
+
+        *hpage = NULL;
+        khugepaged_pages_collapsed++;
+out:
+        up_write(&mm->mmap_sem);
+}
+
+static int khugepaged_scan_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm,
+                               struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+                               unsigned long address,
+                               struct page **hpage)
+{
+        pgd_t *pgd;
+        pud_t *pud;
+        pmd_t *pmd;
+        pte_t *pte, *_pte;
+        int ret = 0, referenced = 0, none = 0;
+        struct page *page;
+        unsigned long _address;
+        spinlock_t *ptl;
+
+        VM_BUG_ON(address & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK);
+
+        pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address);
+        if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
+                goto out;
+
+        pud = pud_offset(pgd, address);
+        if (!pud_present(*pud))
+                goto out;
+
+        pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
+        if (!pmd_present(*pmd) || pmd_trans_huge(*pmd))
+                goto out;
+
+        pte = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, &ptl);
+        for (_address = address, _pte = pte; _pte < pte+HPAGE_PMD_NR;
+             _pte++, _address += PAGE_SIZE) {
+                pte_t pteval = *_pte;
+                if (pte_none(pteval)) {
+                        if (++none <= khugepaged_max_ptes_none)
+                                continue;
+                        else
+                                goto out_unmap;
+                }
+                if (!pte_present(pteval) || !pte_write(pteval))
+                        goto out_unmap;
+                page = vm_normal_page(vma, _address, pteval);
+                if (unlikely(!page))
+                        goto out_unmap;
+                VM_BUG_ON(PageCompound(page));
+                if (!PageLRU(page) || PageLocked(page) || !PageAnon(page))
+                        goto out_unmap;
+                /* cannot use mapcount: can't collapse if there's a gup pin */
+                if (page_count(page) != 1)
+                        goto out_unmap;
+                if (pte_young(pteval))
+                        referenced = 1;
+        }
+        if (referenced)
+                ret = 1;
+out_unmap:
+        pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
+        if (ret) {
+                up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
+                collapse_huge_page(mm, address, hpage);
+        }
+out:
+        return ret;
+}
+
+static void collect_mm_slot(struct mm_slot *mm_slot)
+{
+        struct mm_struct *mm = mm_slot->mm;
+
+        VM_BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&khugepaged_mm_lock));
+
+        if (khugepaged_test_exit(mm)) {
+                /* free mm_slot */
+                hlist_del(&mm_slot->hash);
+                list_del(&mm_slot->mm_node);
+
+                /*
+                 * Not strictly needed because the mm exited already.
+                 *
+                 * clear_bit(MMF_VM_HUGEPAGE, &mm->flags);
+                 */
+
+                /* khugepaged_mm_lock actually not necessary for the below */
+                free_mm_slot(mm_slot);
+                mmdrop(mm);
+        }
+}
+
+static unsigned int khugepaged_scan_mm_slot(unsigned int pages,
+                                            struct page **hpage)
+{
+        struct mm_slot *mm_slot;
+        struct mm_struct *mm;
+        struct vm_area_struct *vma;
+        int progress = 0;
+
+        VM_BUG_ON(!pages);
+        VM_BUG_ON(!spin_is_locked(&khugepaged_mm_lock));
+
+        if (khugepaged_scan.mm_slot)
+                mm_slot = khugepaged_scan.mm_slot;
+        else {
+                mm_slot = list_entry(khugepaged_scan.mm_head.next,
+                                     struct mm_slot, mm_node);
+                khugepaged_scan.address = 0;
+                khugepaged_scan.mm_slot = mm_slot;
+        }
+        spin_unlock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
+
+        mm = mm_slot->mm;
+        down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
+        if (unlikely(khugepaged_test_exit(mm)))
+                vma = NULL;
+        else
+                vma = find_vma(mm, khugepaged_scan.address);
+
+        progress++;
+        for (; vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {
+                unsigned long hstart, hend;
+
+                cond_resched();
+                if (unlikely(khugepaged_test_exit(mm))) {
+                        progress++;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_HUGEPAGE) &&
+                    !khugepaged_always()) {
+                        progress++;
+                        continue;
+                }
+
+                /* VM_PFNMAP vmas may have vm_ops null but vm_file set */
+                if (!vma->anon_vma || vma->vm_ops || vma->vm_file) {
+                        khugepaged_scan.address = vma->vm_end;
+                        progress++;
+                        continue;
+                }
+                VM_BUG_ON(is_linear_pfn_mapping(vma) || is_pfn_mapping(vma));
+
+                hstart = (vma->vm_start + ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK) & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
+                hend = vma->vm_end & HPAGE_PMD_MASK;
+                if (hstart >= hend) {
+                        progress++;
+                        continue;
+                }
+                if (khugepaged_scan.address < hstart)
+                        khugepaged_scan.address = hstart;
+                if (khugepaged_scan.address > hend) {
+                        khugepaged_scan.address = hend + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE;
+                        progress++;
+                        continue;
+                }
+                BUG_ON(khugepaged_scan.address & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK);
+
+                while (khugepaged_scan.address < hend) {
+                        int ret;
+                        cond_resched();
+                        if (unlikely(khugepaged_test_exit(mm)))
+                                goto breakouterloop;
+
+                        VM_BUG_ON(khugepaged_scan.address < hstart ||
+                                  khugepaged_scan.address + HPAGE_PMD_SIZE >
+                                  hend);
+                        ret = khugepaged_scan_pmd(mm, vma,
+                                                  khugepaged_scan.address,
+                                                  hpage);
+                        /* move to next address */
+                        khugepaged_scan.address += HPAGE_PMD_SIZE;
+                        progress += HPAGE_PMD_NR;
+                        if (ret)
+                                /* we released mmap_sem so break loop */
+                                goto breakouterloop_mmap_sem;
+                        if (progress >= pages)
+                                goto breakouterloop;
+                }
+        }
+breakouterloop:
+        up_read(&mm->mmap_sem); /* exit_mmap will destroy ptes after this */
+breakouterloop_mmap_sem:
+
+        spin_lock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
+        BUG_ON(khugepaged_scan.mm_slot != mm_slot);
+        /*
+         * Release the current mm_slot if this mm is about to die, or
+         * if we scanned all vmas of this mm.
+         */
+        if (khugepaged_test_exit(mm) || !vma) {
+                /*
+                 * Make sure that if mm_users is reaching zero while
+                 * khugepaged runs here, khugepaged_exit will find
+                 * mm_slot not pointing to the exiting mm.
+                 */
+                if (mm_slot->mm_node.next != &khugepaged_scan.mm_head) {
+                        khugepaged_scan.mm_slot = list_entry(
+                                mm_slot->mm_node.next,
+                                struct mm_slot, mm_node);
+                        khugepaged_scan.address = 0;
+                } else {
+                        khugepaged_scan.mm_slot = NULL;
+                        khugepaged_full_scans++;
+                }
+
+                collect_mm_slot(mm_slot);
+        }
+
+        return progress;
+}
+
+static int khugepaged_has_work(void)
+{
+        return !list_empty(&khugepaged_scan.mm_head) &&
+                khugepaged_enabled();
+}
+
+static int khugepaged_wait_event(void)
+{
+        return !list_empty(&khugepaged_scan.mm_head) ||
+                !khugepaged_enabled();
+}
+
+static void khugepaged_do_scan(struct page **hpage)
+{
+        unsigned int progress = 0, pass_through_head = 0;
+        unsigned int pages = khugepaged_pages_to_scan;
+
+        barrier(); /* write khugepaged_pages_to_scan to local stack */
+
+        while (progress < pages) {
+                cond_resched();
+
+                if (!*hpage) {
+                        *hpage = alloc_hugepage(khugepaged_defrag());
+                        if (unlikely(!*hpage))
+                                break;
+                }
+
+                spin_lock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
+                if (!khugepaged_scan.mm_slot)
+                        pass_through_head++;
+                if (khugepaged_has_work() &&
+                    pass_through_head < 2)
+                        progress += khugepaged_scan_mm_slot(pages - progress,
+                                                            hpage);
+                else
+                        progress = pages;
+                spin_unlock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
+        }
+}
+
+static struct page *khugepaged_alloc_hugepage(void)
+{
+        struct page *hpage;
+
+        do {
+                hpage = alloc_hugepage(khugepaged_defrag());
+                if (!hpage) {
+                        DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
+                        add_wait_queue(&khugepaged_wait, &wait);
+                        schedule_timeout_interruptible(
+                                msecs_to_jiffies(
+                                        khugepaged_alloc_sleep_millisecs));
+                        remove_wait_queue(&khugepaged_wait, &wait);
+                }
+        } while (unlikely(!hpage) &&
+                 likely(khugepaged_enabled()));
+        return hpage;
+}
+
+static void khugepaged_loop(void)
+{
+        struct page *hpage;
+
+        while (likely(khugepaged_enabled())) {
+                hpage = khugepaged_alloc_hugepage();
+                if (unlikely(!hpage))
+                        break;
+
+                khugepaged_do_scan(&hpage);
+                if (hpage)
+                        put_page(hpage);
+                if (khugepaged_has_work()) {
+                        DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
+                        if (!khugepaged_scan_sleep_millisecs)
+                                continue;
+                        add_wait_queue(&khugepaged_wait, &wait);
+                        schedule_timeout_interruptible(
+                                msecs_to_jiffies(
+                                        khugepaged_scan_sleep_millisecs));
+                        remove_wait_queue(&khugepaged_wait, &wait);
+                } else if (khugepaged_enabled())
+                        wait_event_interruptible(khugepaged_wait,
+                                                 khugepaged_wait_event());
+        }
+}
+
+static int khugepaged(void *none)
+{
+        struct mm_slot *mm_slot;
+
+        set_user_nice(current, 19);
+
+        /* serialize with start_khugepaged() */
+        mutex_lock(&khugepaged_mutex);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                mutex_unlock(&khugepaged_mutex);
+                BUG_ON(khugepaged_thread != current);
+                khugepaged_loop();
+                BUG_ON(khugepaged_thread != current);
+
+                mutex_lock(&khugepaged_mutex);
+                if (!khugepaged_enabled())
+                        break;
+        }
+
+        spin_lock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
+        mm_slot = khugepaged_scan.mm_slot;
+        khugepaged_scan.mm_slot = NULL;
+        if (mm_slot)
+                collect_mm_slot(mm_slot);
+        spin_unlock(&khugepaged_mm_lock);
+
+        khugepaged_thread = NULL;
+        mutex_unlock(&khugepaged_mutex);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 void __split_huge_page_pmd(struct mm_struct *mm, pmd_t *pmd)
 {
         struct page *page;