stackprotector: use canary at end of stack to indicate overruns at oops time

(Updated with a common max-stack-used checker that knows about
the canary, as suggested by Joe Perches)

Use a canary at the end of the stack to clearly indicate
at oops time whether the stack has ever overflowed.

This is a very simple implementation with a couple of
drawbacks:

1) a thread may legitimately use exactly up to the last
   word on the stack

 -- but the chances of doing this and then oopsing later seem slim

2) it's possible that the stack usage isn't dense enough
   that the canary location could get skipped over

 -- but the worst that happens is that we don't flag the overrun
 -- though this happens fairly often in my testing :(

With the code in place, an intentionally-bloated stack oops might
do:

BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffff8103f84cc680
IP: [<ffffffff810253df>] update_curr+0x9a/0xa8
PGD 8063 PUD 0
Thread overran stack or stack corrupted
Oops: 0000 [1] SMP
CPU 0
...

... unless the stack overrun is so bad that it corrupts some other
thread.

Signed-off-by: Eric Sandeen <sandeen@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

6 files changed, 28 insertions, 10 deletions

diff --git a/arch/x86/mm/fault.c b/arch/x86/mm/fault.c
index fd7e1798c75a..1f524df68b96 100644
--- a/arch/x86/mm/fault.c
+++ b/arch/x86/mm/fault.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
+#include <linux/magic.h>
 
 #include <asm/system.h>
 #include <asm/desc.h>
@@ -581,6 +582,8 @@ void __kprobes do_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code)
         unsigned long address;
         int write, si_code;
         int fault;
+        unsigned long *stackend;
+
 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
         unsigned long flags;
 #endif
@@ -850,6 +853,10 @@ no_context:
 
         show_fault_oops(regs, error_code, address);
 
+        stackend = end_of_stack(tsk);
+        if (*stackend != STACK_END_MAGIC)
+                printk(KERN_ALERT "Thread overran stack, or stack corrupted\n");
+
         tsk->thread.cr2 = address;
         tsk->thread.trap_no = 14;
         tsk->thread.error_code = error_code;
diff --git a/include/linux/magic.h b/include/linux/magic.h
index 1fa0c2ce4dec..74e68e201166 100644
--- a/include/linux/magic.h
+++ b/include/linux/magic.h
@@ -42,4 +42,5 @@
 #define FUTEXFS_SUPER_MAGIC     0xBAD1DEA
 #define INOTIFYFS_SUPER_MAGIC   0x2BAD1DEA
 
+#define STACK_END_MAGIC         0x57AC6E9D
 #endif /* __LINUX_MAGIC_H__ */
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index d6a515158783..c5181e77f305 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1969,6 +1969,19 @@ static inline unsigned long *end_of_stack(struct task_struct *p)
 
 extern void thread_info_cache_init(void);
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_STACK_USAGE
+static inline unsigned long stack_not_used(struct task_struct *p)
+{
+        unsigned long *n = end_of_stack(p);
+
+        do {    /* Skip over canary */
+                n++;
+        } while (!*n);
+
+        return (unsigned long)n - (unsigned long)end_of_stack(p);
+}
+#endif
+
 /* set thread flags in other task's structures
  * - see asm/thread_info.h for TIF_xxxx flags available
  */
diff --git a/kernel/exit.c b/kernel/exit.c
index 8f6185e69b69..fb8de6cbf2c7 100644
--- a/kernel/exit.c
+++ b/kernel/exit.c
@@ -899,12 +899,9 @@ static void check_stack_usage(void)
 {
         static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(low_water_lock);
         static int lowest_to_date = THREAD_SIZE;
-        unsigned long *n = end_of_stack(current);
         unsigned long free;
 
-        while (*n == 0)
-                n++;
-        free = (unsigned long)n - (unsigned long)end_of_stack(current);
+        free = stack_not_used(current);
 
         if (free >= lowest_to_date)
                 return;
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index 19908b26cf80..d428336e7aa1 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 #include <linux/tty.h>
 #include <linux/proc_fs.h>
 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/magic.h>
 
 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
 #include <asm/pgalloc.h>
@@ -186,6 +187,8 @@ static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig)
 {
         struct task_struct *tsk;
         struct thread_info *ti;
+        unsigned long *stackend;
+
         int err;
 
         prepare_to_copy(orig);
@@ -211,6 +214,8 @@ static struct task_struct *dup_task_struct(struct task_struct *orig)
                 goto out;
 
         setup_thread_stack(tsk, orig);
+        stackend = end_of_stack(tsk);
+        *stackend = STACK_END_MAGIC;    /* for overflow detection */
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
         tsk->stack_canary = get_random_int();
diff --git a/kernel/sched.c b/kernel/sched.c
index cfa222a91539..a964ed945094 100644
--- a/kernel/sched.c
+++ b/kernel/sched.c
@@ -5748,12 +5748,7 @@ void sched_show_task(struct task_struct *p)
                 printk(KERN_CONT " %016lx ", thread_saved_pc(p));
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_STACK_USAGE
-        {
-                unsigned long *n = end_of_stack(p);
-                while (!*n)
-                        n++;
-                free = (unsigned long)n - (unsigned long)end_of_stack(p);
-        }
+        free = stack_not_used(p);
 #endif
         printk(KERN_CONT "%5lu %5d %6d\n", free,
                 task_pid_nr(p), task_pid_nr(p->real_parent));