sched, cputime: Introduce thread_group_times()

This is a real fix for problem of utime/stime values decreasing
described in the thread:

   http://lkml.org/lkml/2009/11/3/522

Now cputime is accounted in the following way:

 - {u,s}time in task_struct are increased every time when the thread
   is interrupted by a tick (timer interrupt).

 - When a thread exits, its {u,s}time are added to signal->{u,s}time,
   after adjusted by task_times().

 - When all threads in a thread_group exits, accumulated {u,s}time
   (and also c{u,s}time) in signal struct are added to c{u,s}time
   in signal struct of the group's parent.

So {u,s}time in task struct are "raw" tick count, while
{u,s}time and c{u,s}time in signal struct are "adjusted" values.

And accounted values are used by:

 - task_times(), to get cputime of a thread:
   This function returns adjusted values that originates from raw
   {u,s}time and scaled by sum_exec_runtime that accounted by CFS.

 - thread_group_cputime(), to get cputime of a thread group:
   This function returns sum of all {u,s}time of living threads in
   the group, plus {u,s}time in the signal struct that is sum of
   adjusted cputimes of all exited threads belonged to the group.

The problem is the return value of thread_group_cputime(),
because it is mixed sum of "raw" value and "adjusted" value:

  group's {u,s}time = foreach(thread){{u,s}time} + exited({u,s}time)

This misbehavior can break {u,s}time monotonicity.
Assume that if there is a thread that have raw values greater
than adjusted values (e.g. interrupted by 1000Hz ticks 50 times
but only runs 45ms) and if it exits, cputime will decrease (e.g.
-5ms).

To fix this, we could do:

  group's {u,s}time = foreach(t){task_times(t)} + exited({u,s}time)

But task_times() contains hard divisions, so applying it for
every thread should be avoided.

This patch fixes the above problem in the following way:

 - Modify thread's exit (= __exit_signal()) not to use task_times().
   It means {u,s}time in signal struct accumulates raw values instead
   of adjusted values.  As the result it makes thread_group_cputime()
   to return pure sum of "raw" values.

 - Introduce a new function thread_group_times(*task, *utime, *stime)
   that converts "raw" values of thread_group_cputime() to "adjusted"
   values, in same calculation procedure as task_times().

 - Modify group's exit (= wait_task_zombie()) to use this introduced
   thread_group_times().  It make c{u,s}time in signal struct to
   have adjusted values like before this patch.

 - Replace some thread_group_cputime() by thread_group_times().
   This replacements are only applied where conveys the "adjusted"
   cputime to users, and where already uses task_times() near by it.
   (i.e. sys_times(), getrusage(), and /proc/<PID>/stat.)

This patch have a positive side effect:

 - Before this patch, if a group contains many short-life threads
   (e.g. runs 0.9ms and not interrupted by ticks), the group's
   cputime could be invisible since thread's cputime was accumulated
   after adjusted: imagine adjustment function as adj(ticks, runtime),
     {adj(0, 0.9) + adj(0, 0.9) + ....} = {0 + 0 + ....} = 0.
   After this patch it will not happen because the adjustment is
   applied after accumulated.

v2:
 - remove if()s, put new variables into signal_struct.

Signed-off-by: Hidetoshi Seto <seto.hidetoshi@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Spencer Candland <spencer@bluehost.com>
Cc: Americo Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Stanislaw Gruszka <sgruszka@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <4B162517.8040909@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

6 files changed, 69 insertions, 25 deletions

diff --git a/fs/proc/array.c b/fs/proc/array.c
index ca61a88aed66..2571da43c736 100644
--- a/fs/proc/array.c
+++ b/fs/proc/array.c
@@ -506,7 +506,6 @@ static int do_task_stat(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
 
                 /* add up live thread stats at the group level */
                 if (whole) {
-                        struct task_cputime cputime;
                         struct task_struct *t = task;
                         do {
                                 min_flt += t->min_flt;
@@ -517,9 +516,7 @@ static int do_task_stat(struct seq_file *m, struct pid_namespace *ns,
 
                         min_flt += sig->min_flt;
                         maj_flt += sig->maj_flt;
-                        thread_group_cputime(task, &cputime);
-                        utime = cputime.utime;
-                        stime = cputime.stime;
+                        thread_group_times(task, &utime, &stime);
                         gtime = cputime_add(gtime, sig->gtime);
                 }
 
diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h
index dff85e58264e..34238bd10ebf 100644
--- a/include/linux/sched.h
+++ b/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -624,6 +624,9 @@ struct signal_struct {
         cputime_t utime, stime, cutime, cstime;
         cputime_t gtime;
         cputime_t cgtime;
+#ifndef CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
+        cputime_t prev_utime, prev_stime;
+#endif
         unsigned long nvcsw, nivcsw, cnvcsw, cnivcsw;
         unsigned long min_flt, maj_flt, cmin_flt, cmaj_flt;
         unsigned long inblock, oublock, cinblock, coublock;
@@ -1723,6 +1726,7 @@ static inline void put_task_struct(struct task_struct *t)
 }
 
 extern void task_times(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t *ut, cputime_t *st);
+extern void thread_group_times(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t *ut, cputime_t *st);
 
 /*
  * Per process flags
diff --git a/kernel/exit.c b/kernel/exit.c
index 2eaf68b634e3..b221ad65fd20 100644
--- a/kernel/exit.c
+++ b/kernel/exit.c
@@ -91,8 +91,6 @@ static void __exit_signal(struct task_struct *tsk)
         if (atomic_dec_and_test(&sig->count))
                 posix_cpu_timers_exit_group(tsk);
         else {
-                cputime_t utime, stime;
-
                 /*
                  * If there is any task waiting for the group exit
                  * then notify it:
@@ -112,9 +110,8 @@ static void __exit_signal(struct task_struct *tsk)
                  * We won't ever get here for the group leader, since it
                  * will have been the last reference on the signal_struct.
                  */
-                task_times(tsk, &utime, &stime);
-                sig->utime = cputime_add(sig->utime, utime);
-                sig->stime = cputime_add(sig->stime, stime);
+                sig->utime = cputime_add(sig->utime, tsk->utime);
+                sig->stime = cputime_add(sig->stime, tsk->stime);
                 sig->gtime = cputime_add(sig->gtime, tsk->gtime);
                 sig->min_flt += tsk->min_flt;
                 sig->maj_flt += tsk->maj_flt;
@@ -1208,6 +1205,7 @@ static int wait_task_zombie(struct wait_opts *wo, struct task_struct *p)
                 struct signal_struct *psig;
                 struct signal_struct *sig;
                 unsigned long maxrss;
+                cputime_t tgutime, tgstime;
 
                 /*
                  * The resource counters for the group leader are in its
@@ -1223,20 +1221,23 @@ static int wait_task_zombie(struct wait_opts *wo, struct task_struct *p)
                  * need to protect the access to parent->signal fields,
                  * as other threads in the parent group can be right
                  * here reaping other children at the same time.
+                 *
+                 * We use thread_group_times() to get times for the thread
+                 * group, which consolidates times for all threads in the
+                 * group including the group leader.
                  */
+                thread_group_times(p, &tgutime, &tgstime);
                 spin_lock_irq(&p->real_parent->sighand->siglock);
                 psig = p->real_parent->signal;
                 sig = p->signal;
                 psig->cutime =
                         cputime_add(psig->cutime,
-                        cputime_add(p->utime,
-                        cputime_add(sig->utime,
-                                    sig->cutime)));
+                        cputime_add(tgutime,
+                                    sig->cutime));
                 psig->cstime =
                         cputime_add(psig->cstime,
-                        cputime_add(p->stime,
-                        cputime_add(sig->stime,
-                                    sig->cstime)));
+                        cputime_add(tgstime,
+                                    sig->cstime));
                 psig->cgtime =
                         cputime_add(psig->cgtime,
                         cputime_add(p->gtime,
diff --git a/kernel/fork.c b/kernel/fork.c
index ad7cb6d1193c..3d6f121bbe8a 100644
--- a/kernel/fork.c
+++ b/kernel/fork.c
@@ -884,6 +884,9 @@ static int copy_signal(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
         sig->utime = sig->stime = sig->cutime = sig->cstime = cputime_zero;
         sig->gtime = cputime_zero;
         sig->cgtime = cputime_zero;
+#ifndef CONFIG_VIRT_CPU_ACCOUNTING
+        sig->prev_utime = sig->prev_stime = cputime_zero;
+#endif
         sig->nvcsw = sig->nivcsw = sig->cnvcsw = sig->cnivcsw = 0;
         sig->min_flt = sig->maj_flt = sig->cmin_flt = sig->cmaj_flt = 0;
         sig->inblock = sig->oublock = sig->cinblock = sig->coublock = 0;
diff --git a/kernel/sched.c b/kernel/sched.c
index 17e2c1db2bde..e6ba726941ae 100644
--- a/kernel/sched.c
+++ b/kernel/sched.c
@@ -5187,6 +5187,16 @@ void task_times(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t *ut, cputime_t *st)
         *ut = p->utime;
         *st = p->stime;
 }
+
+void thread_group_times(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t *ut, cputime_t *st)
+{
+        struct task_cputime cputime;
+
+        thread_group_cputime(p, &cputime);
+
+        *ut = cputime.utime;
+        *st = cputime.stime;
+}
 #else
 
 #ifndef nsecs_to_cputime
@@ -5220,6 +5230,37 @@ void task_times(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t *ut, cputime_t *st)
         *ut = p->prev_utime;
         *st = p->prev_stime;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Must be called with siglock held.
+ */
+void thread_group_times(struct task_struct *p, cputime_t *ut, cputime_t *st)
+{
+        struct signal_struct *sig = p->signal;
+        struct task_cputime cputime;
+        cputime_t rtime, utime, total;
+
+        thread_group_cputime(p, &cputime);
+
+        total = cputime_add(cputime.utime, cputime.stime);
+        rtime = nsecs_to_cputime(cputime.sum_exec_runtime);
+
+        if (total) {
+                u64 temp;
+
+                temp = (u64)(rtime * cputime.utime);
+                do_div(temp, total);
+                utime = (cputime_t)temp;
+        } else
+                utime = rtime;
+
+        sig->prev_utime = max(sig->prev_utime, utime);
+        sig->prev_stime = max(sig->prev_stime,
+                              cputime_sub(rtime, sig->prev_utime));
+
+        *ut = sig->prev_utime;
+        *st = sig->prev_stime;
+}
 #endif
 
 /*
diff --git a/kernel/sys.c b/kernel/sys.c
index bbdfce0d4347..9968c5fb55b9 100644
--- a/kernel/sys.c
+++ b/kernel/sys.c
@@ -911,16 +911,15 @@ change_okay:
 
 void do_sys_times(struct tms *tms)
 {
-        struct task_cputime cputime;
-        cputime_t cutime, cstime;
+        cputime_t tgutime, tgstime, cutime, cstime;
 
-        thread_group_cputime(current, &cputime);
         spin_lock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
+        thread_group_times(current, &tgutime, &tgstime);
         cutime = current->signal->cutime;
         cstime = current->signal->cstime;
         spin_unlock_irq(&current->sighand->siglock);
-        tms->tms_utime = cputime_to_clock_t(cputime.utime);
-        tms->tms_stime = cputime_to_clock_t(cputime.stime);
+        tms->tms_utime = cputime_to_clock_t(tgutime);
+        tms->tms_stime = cputime_to_clock_t(tgstime);
         tms->tms_cutime = cputime_to_clock_t(cutime);
         tms->tms_cstime = cputime_to_clock_t(cstime);
 }
@@ -1338,8 +1337,7 @@ static void k_getrusage(struct task_struct *p, int who, struct rusage *r)
 {
         struct task_struct *t;
         unsigned long flags;
-        cputime_t utime, stime;
-        struct task_cputime cputime;
+        cputime_t tgutime, tgstime, utime, stime;
         unsigned long maxrss = 0;
 
         memset((char *) r, 0, sizeof *r);
@@ -1372,9 +1370,9 @@ static void k_getrusage(struct task_struct *p, int who, struct rusage *r)
                                 break;
 
                 case RUSAGE_SELF:
-                        thread_group_cputime(p, &cputime);
-                        utime = cputime_add(utime, cputime.utime);
-                        stime = cputime_add(stime, cputime.stime);
+                        thread_group_times(p, &tgutime, &tgstime);
+                        utime = cputime_add(utime, tgutime);
+                        stime = cputime_add(stime, tgstime);
                         r->ru_nvcsw += p->signal->nvcsw;
                         r->ru_nivcsw += p->signal->nivcsw;
                         r->ru_minflt += p->signal->min_flt;