tracing, page-allocator: add trace events for anti-fragmentation falling back to other migratetypes

Fragmentation avoidance depends on being able to use free pages from lists
of the appropriate migrate type.  In the event this is not possible,
__rmqueue_fallback() selects a different list and in some circumstances
change the migratetype of the pageblock.  Simplistically, the more times
this event occurs, the more likely that fragmentation will be a problem
later for hugepage allocation at least but there are other considerations
such as the order of page being split to satisfy the allocation.

This patch adds a trace event for __rmqueue_fallback() that reports what
page is being used for the fallback, the orders of relevant pages, the
desired migratetype and the migratetype of the lists being used, whether
the pageblock changed type and whether this event is important with
respect to fragmentation avoidance or not.  This information can be used
to help analyse fragmentation avoidance and help decide whether
min_free_kbytes should be increased or not.

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Larry Woodman <lwoodman@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Li Ming Chun <macli@brc.ubc.ca>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

2 files changed, 42 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/include/trace/events/kmem.h b/include/trace/events/kmem.h
index 0d358a0d45c1..aae16ee17601 100644
--- a/include/trace/events/kmem.h
+++ b/include/trace/events/kmem.h
@@ -299,6 +299,44 @@ TRACE_EVENT(mm_page_alloc,
                 show_gfp_flags(__entry->gfp_flags))
 );
 
+TRACE_EVENT(mm_page_alloc_extfrag,
+
+        TP_PROTO(struct page *page,
+                        int alloc_order, int fallback_order,
+                        int alloc_migratetype, int fallback_migratetype),
+
+        TP_ARGS(page,
+                alloc_order, fallback_order,
+                alloc_migratetype, fallback_migratetype),
+
+        TP_STRUCT__entry(
+                __field(        struct page *,  page                    )
+                __field(        int,            alloc_order             )
+                __field(        int,            fallback_order          )
+                __field(        int,            alloc_migratetype       )
+                __field(        int,            fallback_migratetype    )
+        ),
+
+        TP_fast_assign(
+                __entry->page                   = page;
+                __entry->alloc_order            = alloc_order;
+                __entry->fallback_order         = fallback_order;
+                __entry->alloc_migratetype      = alloc_migratetype;
+                __entry->fallback_migratetype   = fallback_migratetype;
+        ),
+
+        TP_printk("page=%p pfn=%lu alloc_order=%d fallback_order=%d pageblock_order=%d alloc_migratetype=%d fallback_migratetype=%d fragmenting=%d change_ownership=%d",
+                __entry->page,
+                page_to_pfn(__entry->page),
+                __entry->alloc_order,
+                __entry->fallback_order,
+                pageblock_order,
+                __entry->alloc_migratetype,
+                __entry->fallback_migratetype,
+                __entry->fallback_order < pageblock_order,
+                __entry->alloc_migratetype == __entry->fallback_migratetype)
+);
+
 #endif /* _TRACE_KMEM_H */
 
 /* This part must be outside protection */
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 80f954d82d77..77f517c18b37 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -853,6 +853,10 @@ __rmqueue_fallback(struct zone *zone, int order, int start_migratetype)
                                                         start_migratetype);
 
                         expand(zone, page, order, current_order, area, migratetype);
+
+                        trace_mm_page_alloc_extfrag(page, order, current_order,
+                                start_migratetype, migratetype);
+
                         return page;
                 }
         }