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authorDavid Gibson <dwg@au1.ibm.com>2006-02-01 06:05:22 -0500
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@g5.osdl.org>2006-02-01 11:53:14 -0500
commitc125a1838a95604eb35b60259a8d678dc193f7e4 (patch)
treeb69248f31ba0b55d5167a7751d5fd4bac72147af
parentf7b8988ff50d99c99746f65f420364e91362c065 (diff)
[PATCH] powerpc: Add flattened device tree documentation
The flattened device tree is the only supported way of booting ARCH=powerpc kernels on non Open Firmware machines. The documentation for the flattened tree format and contents has been discussed on mailing lists and lately has been living in the dtc git tree. Really, it ought to go in the kernel's Documentation directory for maximum visibility. Signed-off-by: David Gibson <dwg@au1.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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1 Booting the Linux/ppc kernel without Open Firmware
2 --------------------------------------------------
3
4
5(c) 2005 Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh at kernel.crashing.org>,
6 IBM Corp.
7(c) 2005 Becky Bruce <becky.bruce at freescale.com>,
8 Freescale Semiconductor, FSL SOC and 32-bit additions
9
10 May 18, 2005: Rev 0.1 - Initial draft, no chapter III yet.
11
12 May 19, 2005: Rev 0.2 - Add chapter III and bits & pieces here or
13 clarifies the fact that a lot of things are
14 optional, the kernel only requires a very
15 small device tree, though it is encouraged
16 to provide an as complete one as possible.
17
18 May 24, 2005: Rev 0.3 - Precise that DT block has to be in RAM
19 - Misc fixes
20 - Define version 3 and new format version 16
21 for the DT block (version 16 needs kernel
22 patches, will be fwd separately).
23 String block now has a size, and full path
24 is replaced by unit name for more
25 compactness.
26 linux,phandle is made optional, only nodes
27 that are referenced by other nodes need it.
28 "name" property is now automatically
29 deduced from the unit name
30
31 June 1, 2005: Rev 0.4 - Correct confusion between OF_DT_END and
32 OF_DT_END_NODE in structure definition.
33 - Change version 16 format to always align
34 property data to 4 bytes. Since tokens are
35 already aligned, that means no specific
36 required alignement between property size
37 and property data. The old style variable
38 alignment would make it impossible to do
39 "simple" insertion of properties using
40 memove (thanks Milton for
41 noticing). Updated kernel patch as well
42 - Correct a few more alignement constraints
43 - Add a chapter about the device-tree
44 compiler and the textural representation of
45 the tree that can be "compiled" by dtc.
46
47
48 November 21, 2005: Rev 0.5
49 - Additions/generalizations for 32-bit
50 - Changed to reflect the new arch/powerpc
51 structure
52 - Added chapter VI
53
54
55 ToDo:
56 - Add some definitions of interrupt tree (simple/complex)
57 - Add some definitions for pci host bridges
58 - Add some common address format examples
59 - Add definitions for standard properties and "compatible"
60 names for cells that are not already defined by the existing
61 OF spec.
62 - Compare FSL SOC use of PCI to standard and make sure no new
63 node definition required.
64 - Add more information about node definitions for SOC devices
65 that currently have no standard, like the FSL CPM.
66
67
68I - Introduction
69================
70
71During the recent development of the Linux/ppc64 kernel, and more
72specifically, the addition of new platform types outside of the old
73IBM pSeries/iSeries pair, it was decided to enforce some strict rules
74regarding the kernel entry and bootloader <-> kernel interfaces, in
75order to avoid the degeneration that had become the ppc32 kernel entry
76point and the way a new platform should be added to the kernel. The
77legacy iSeries platform breaks those rules as it predates this scheme,
78but no new board support will be accepted in the main tree that
79doesn't follows them properly. In addition, since the advent of the
80arch/powerpc merged architecture for ppc32 and ppc64, new 32-bit
81platforms and 32-bit platforms which move into arch/powerpc will be
82required to use these rules as well.
83
84The main requirement that will be defined in more detail below is
85the presence of a device-tree whose format is defined after Open
86Firmware specification. However, in order to make life easier
87to embedded board vendors, the kernel doesn't require the device-tree
88to represent every device in the system and only requires some nodes
89and properties to be present. This will be described in detail in
90section III, but, for example, the kernel does not require you to
91create a node for every PCI device in the system. It is a requirement
92to have a node for PCI host bridges in order to provide interrupt
93routing informations and memory/IO ranges, among others. It is also
94recommended to define nodes for on chip devices and other busses that
95don't specifically fit in an existing OF specification. This creates a
96great flexibility in the way the kernel can then probe those and match
97drivers to device, without having to hard code all sorts of tables. It
98also makes it more flexible for board vendors to do minor hardware
99upgrades without significantly impacting the kernel code or cluttering
100it with special cases.
101
102
1031) Entry point for arch/powerpc
104-------------------------------
105
106 There is one and one single entry point to the kernel, at the start
107 of the kernel image. That entry point supports two calling
108 conventions:
109
110 a) Boot from Open Firmware. If your firmware is compatible
111 with Open Firmware (IEEE 1275) or provides an OF compatible
112 client interface API (support for "interpret" callback of
113 forth words isn't required), you can enter the kernel with:
114
115 r5 : OF callback pointer as defined by IEEE 1275
116 bindings to powerpc. Only the 32 bit client interface
117 is currently supported
118
119 r3, r4 : address & length of an initrd if any or 0
120
121 The MMU is either on or off; the kernel will run the
122 trampoline located in arch/powerpc/kernel/prom_init.c to
123 extract the device-tree and other information from open
124 firmware and build a flattened device-tree as described
125 in b). prom_init() will then re-enter the kernel using
126 the second method. This trampoline code runs in the
127 context of the firmware, which is supposed to handle all
128 exceptions during that time.
129
130 b) Direct entry with a flattened device-tree block. This entry
131 point is called by a) after the OF trampoline and can also be
132 called directly by a bootloader that does not support the Open
133 Firmware client interface. It is also used by "kexec" to
134 implement "hot" booting of a new kernel from a previous
135 running one. This method is what I will describe in more
136 details in this document, as method a) is simply standard Open
137 Firmware, and thus should be implemented according to the
138 various standard documents defining it and its binding to the
139 PowerPC platform. The entry point definition then becomes:
140
141 r3 : physical pointer to the device-tree block
142 (defined in chapter II) in RAM
143
144 r4 : physical pointer to the kernel itself. This is
145 used by the assembly code to properly disable the MMU
146 in case you are entering the kernel with MMU enabled
147 and a non-1:1 mapping.
148
149 r5 : NULL (as to differenciate with method a)
150
151 Note about SMP entry: Either your firmware puts your other
152 CPUs in some sleep loop or spin loop in ROM where you can get
153 them out via a soft reset or some other means, in which case
154 you don't need to care, or you'll have to enter the kernel
155 with all CPUs. The way to do that with method b) will be
156 described in a later revision of this document.
157
158
1592) Board support
160----------------
161
16264-bit kernels:
163
164 Board supports (platforms) are not exclusive config options. An
165 arbitrary set of board supports can be built in a single kernel
166 image. The kernel will "know" what set of functions to use for a
167 given platform based on the content of the device-tree. Thus, you
168 should:
169
170 a) add your platform support as a _boolean_ option in
171 arch/powerpc/Kconfig, following the example of PPC_PSERIES,
172 PPC_PMAC and PPC_MAPLE. The later is probably a good
173 example of a board support to start from.
174
175 b) create your main platform file as
176 "arch/powerpc/platforms/myplatform/myboard_setup.c" and add it
177 to the Makefile under the condition of your CONFIG_
178 option. This file will define a structure of type "ppc_md"
179 containing the various callbacks that the generic code will
180 use to get to your platform specific code
181
182 c) Add a reference to your "ppc_md" structure in the
183 "machines" table in arch/powerpc/kernel/setup_64.c if you are
184 a 64-bit platform.
185
186 d) request and get assigned a platform number (see PLATFORM_*
187 constants in include/asm-powerpc/processor.h
188
18932-bit embedded kernels:
190
191 Currently, board support is essentially an exclusive config option.
192 The kernel is configured for a single platform. Part of the reason
193 for this is to keep kernels on embedded systems small and efficient;
194 part of this is due to the fact the code is already that way. In the
195 future, a kernel may support multiple platforms, but only if the
196 platforms feature the same core architectire. A single kernel build
197 cannot support both configurations with Book E and configurations
198 with classic Powerpc architectures.
199
200 32-bit embedded platforms that are moved into arch/powerpc using a
201 flattened device tree should adopt the merged tree practice of
202 setting ppc_md up dynamically, even though the kernel is currently
203 built with support for only a single platform at a time. This allows
204 unification of the setup code, and will make it easier to go to a
205 multiple-platform-support model in the future.
206
207NOTE: I believe the above will be true once Ben's done with the merge
208of the boot sequences.... someone speak up if this is wrong!
209
210 To add a 32-bit embedded platform support, follow the instructions
211 for 64-bit platforms above, with the exception that the Kconfig
212 option should be set up such that the kernel builds exclusively for
213 the platform selected. The processor type for the platform should
214 enable another config option to select the specific board
215 supported.
216
217NOTE: If ben doesn't merge the setup files, may need to change this to
218point to setup_32.c
219
220
221 I will describe later the boot process and various callbacks that
222 your platform should implement.
223
224
225II - The DT block format
226========================
227
228
229This chapter defines the actual format of the flattened device-tree
230passed to the kernel. The actual content of it and kernel requirements
231are described later. You can find example of code manipulating that
232format in various places, including arch/powerpc/kernel/prom_init.c
233which will generate a flattened device-tree from the Open Firmware
234representation, or the fs2dt utility which is part of the kexec tools
235which will generate one from a filesystem representation. It is
236expected that a bootloader like uboot provides a bit more support,
237that will be discussed later as well.
238
239Note: The block has to be in main memory. It has to be accessible in
240both real mode and virtual mode with no mapping other than main
241memory. If you are writing a simple flash bootloader, it should copy
242the block to RAM before passing it to the kernel.
243
244
2451) Header
246---------
247
248 The kernel is entered with r3 pointing to an area of memory that is
249 roughtly described in include/asm-powerpc/prom.h by the structure
250 boot_param_header:
251
252struct boot_param_header {
253 u32 magic; /* magic word OF_DT_HEADER */
254 u32 totalsize; /* total size of DT block */
255 u32 off_dt_struct; /* offset to structure */
256 u32 off_dt_strings; /* offset to strings */
257 u32 off_mem_rsvmap; /* offset to memory reserve map
258*/
259 u32 version; /* format version */
260 u32 last_comp_version; /* last compatible version */
261
262 /* version 2 fields below */
263 u32 boot_cpuid_phys; /* Which physical CPU id we're
264 booting on */
265 /* version 3 fields below */
266 u32 size_dt_strings; /* size of the strings block */
267};
268
269 Along with the constants:
270
271/* Definitions used by the flattened device tree */
272#define OF_DT_HEADER 0xd00dfeed /* 4: version,
273 4: total size */
274#define OF_DT_BEGIN_NODE 0x1 /* Start node: full name
275*/
276#define OF_DT_END_NODE 0x2 /* End node */
277#define OF_DT_PROP 0x3 /* Property: name off,
278 size, content */
279#define OF_DT_END 0x9
280
281 All values in this header are in big endian format, the various
282 fields in this header are defined more precisely below. All
283 "offset" values are in bytes from the start of the header; that is
284 from the value of r3.
285
286 - magic
287
288 This is a magic value that "marks" the beginning of the
289 device-tree block header. It contains the value 0xd00dfeed and is
290 defined by the constant OF_DT_HEADER
291
292 - totalsize
293
294 This is the total size of the DT block including the header. The
295 "DT" block should enclose all data structures defined in this
296 chapter (who are pointed to by offsets in this header). That is,
297 the device-tree structure, strings, and the memory reserve map.
298
299 - off_dt_struct
300
301 This is an offset from the beginning of the header to the start
302 of the "structure" part the device tree. (see 2) device tree)
303
304 - off_dt_strings
305
306 This is an offset from the beginning of the header to the start
307 of the "strings" part of the device-tree
308
309 - off_mem_rsvmap
310
311 This is an offset from the beginning of the header to the start
312 of the reserved memory map. This map is a list of pairs of 64
313 bit integers. Each pair is a physical address and a size. The
314
315 list is terminated by an entry of size 0. This map provides the
316 kernel with a list of physical memory areas that are "reserved"
317 and thus not to be used for memory allocations, especially during
318 early initialization. The kernel needs to allocate memory during
319 boot for things like un-flattening the device-tree, allocating an
320 MMU hash table, etc... Those allocations must be done in such a
321 way to avoid overriding critical things like, on Open Firmware
322 capable machines, the RTAS instance, or on some pSeries, the TCE
323 tables used for the iommu. Typically, the reserve map should
324 contain _at least_ this DT block itself (header,total_size). If
325 you are passing an initrd to the kernel, you should reserve it as
326 well. You do not need to reserve the kernel image itself. The map
327 should be 64 bit aligned.
328
329 - version
330
331 This is the version of this structure. Version 1 stops
332 here. Version 2 adds an additional field boot_cpuid_phys.
333 Version 3 adds the size of the strings block, allowing the kernel
334 to reallocate it easily at boot and free up the unused flattened
335 structure after expansion. Version 16 introduces a new more
336 "compact" format for the tree itself that is however not backward
337 compatible. You should always generate a structure of the highest
338 version defined at the time of your implementation. Currently
339 that is version 16, unless you explicitely aim at being backward
340 compatible.
341
342 - last_comp_version
343
344 Last compatible version. This indicates down to what version of
345 the DT block you are backward compatible. For example, version 2
346 is backward compatible with version 1 (that is, a kernel build
347 for version 1 will be able to boot with a version 2 format). You
348 should put a 1 in this field if you generate a device tree of
349 version 1 to 3, or 0x10 if you generate a tree of version 0x10
350 using the new unit name format.
351
352 - boot_cpuid_phys
353
354 This field only exist on version 2 headers. It indicate which
355 physical CPU ID is calling the kernel entry point. This is used,
356 among others, by kexec. If you are on an SMP system, this value
357 should match the content of the "reg" property of the CPU node in
358 the device-tree corresponding to the CPU calling the kernel entry
359 point (see further chapters for more informations on the required
360 device-tree contents)
361
362
363 So the typical layout of a DT block (though the various parts don't
364 need to be in that order) looks like this (addresses go from top to
365 bottom):
366
367
368 ------------------------------
369 r3 -> | struct boot_param_header |
370 ------------------------------
371 | (alignment gap) (*) |
372 ------------------------------
373 | memory reserve map |
374 ------------------------------
375 | (alignment gap) |
376 ------------------------------
377 | |
378 | device-tree structure |
379 | |
380 ------------------------------
381 | (alignment gap) |
382 ------------------------------
383 | |
384 | device-tree strings |
385 | |
386 -----> ------------------------------
387 |
388 |
389 --- (r3 + totalsize)
390
391 (*) The alignment gaps are not necessarily present; their presence
392 and size are dependent on the various alignment requirements of
393 the individual data blocks.
394
395
3962) Device tree generalities
397---------------------------
398
399This device-tree itself is separated in two different blocks, a
400structure block and a strings block. Both need to be aligned to a 4
401byte boundary.
402
403First, let's quickly describe the device-tree concept before detailing
404the storage format. This chapter does _not_ describe the detail of the
405required types of nodes & properties for the kernel, this is done
406later in chapter III.
407
408The device-tree layout is strongly inherited from the definition of
409the Open Firmware IEEE 1275 device-tree. It's basically a tree of
410nodes, each node having two or more named properties. A property can
411have a value or not.
412
413It is a tree, so each node has one and only one parent except for the
414root node who has no parent.
415
416A node has 2 names. The actual node name is generally contained in a
417property of type "name" in the node property list whose value is a
418zero terminated string and is mandatory for version 1 to 3 of the
419format definition (as it is in Open Firmware). Version 0x10 makes it
420optional as it can generate it from the unit name defined below.
421
422There is also a "unit name" that is used to differenciate nodes with
423the same name at the same level, it is usually made of the node
424name's, the "@" sign, and a "unit address", which definition is
425specific to the bus type the node sits on.
426
427The unit name doesn't exist as a property per-se but is included in
428the device-tree structure. It is typically used to represent "path" in
429the device-tree. More details about the actual format of these will be
430below.
431
432The kernel powerpc generic code does not make any formal use of the
433unit address (though some board support code may do) so the only real
434requirement here for the unit address is to ensure uniqueness of
435the node unit name at a given level of the tree. Nodes with no notion
436of address and no possible sibling of the same name (like /memory or
437/cpus) may omit the unit address in the context of this specification,
438or use the "@0" default unit address. The unit name is used to define
439a node "full path", which is the concatenation of all parent node
440unit names separated with "/".
441
442The root node doesn't have a defined name, and isn't required to have
443a name property either if you are using version 3 or earlier of the
444format. It also has no unit address (no @ symbol followed by a unit
445address). The root node unit name is thus an empty string. The full
446path to the root node is "/".
447
448Every node which actually represents an actual device (that is, a node
449which isn't only a virtual "container" for more nodes, like "/cpus"
450is) is also required to have a "device_type" property indicating the
451type of node .
452
453Finally, every node that can be referenced from a property in another
454node is required to have a "linux,phandle" property. Real open
455firmware implementations provide a unique "phandle" value for every
456node that the "prom_init()" trampoline code turns into
457"linux,phandle" properties. However, this is made optional if the
458flattened device tree is used directly. An example of a node
459referencing another node via "phandle" is when laying out the
460interrupt tree which will be described in a further version of this
461document.
462
463This "linux, phandle" property is a 32 bit value that uniquely
464identifies a node. You are free to use whatever values or system of
465values, internal pointers, or whatever to generate these, the only
466requirement is that every node for which you provide that property has
467a unique value for it.
468
469Here is an example of a simple device-tree. In this example, an "o"
470designates a node followed by the node unit name. Properties are
471presented with their name followed by their content. "content"
472represents an ASCII string (zero terminated) value, while <content>
473represents a 32 bit hexadecimal value. The various nodes in this
474example will be discussed in a later chapter. At this point, it is
475only meant to give you a idea of what a device-tree looks like. I have
476purposefully kept the "name" and "linux,phandle" properties which
477aren't necessary in order to give you a better idea of what the tree
478looks like in practice.
479
480 / o device-tree
481 |- name = "device-tree"
482 |- model = "MyBoardName"
483 |- compatible = "MyBoardFamilyName"
484 |- #address-cells = <2>
485 |- #size-cells = <2>
486 |- linux,phandle = <0>
487 |
488 o cpus
489 | | - name = "cpus"
490 | | - linux,phandle = <1>
491 | | - #address-cells = <1>
492 | | - #size-cells = <0>
493 | |
494 | o PowerPC,970@0
495 | |- name = "PowerPC,970"
496 | |- device_type = "cpu"
497 | |- reg = <0>
498 | |- clock-frequency = <5f5e1000>
499 | |- linux,boot-cpu
500 | |- linux,phandle = <2>
501 |
502 o memory@0
503 | |- name = "memory"
504 | |- device_type = "memory"
505 | |- reg = <00000000 00000000 00000000 20000000>
506 | |- linux,phandle = <3>
507 |
508 o chosen
509 |- name = "chosen"
510 |- bootargs = "root=/dev/sda2"
511 |- linux,platform = <00000600>
512 |- linux,phandle = <4>
513
514This tree is almost a minimal tree. It pretty much contains the
515minimal set of required nodes and properties to boot a linux kernel;
516that is, some basic model informations at the root, the CPUs, and the
517physical memory layout. It also includes misc information passed
518through /chosen, like in this example, the platform type (mandatory)
519and the kernel command line arguments (optional).
520
521The /cpus/PowerPC,970@0/linux,boot-cpu property is an example of a
522property without a value. All other properties have a value. The
523significance of the #address-cells and #size-cells properties will be
524explained in chapter IV which defines precisely the required nodes and
525properties and their content.
526
527
5283) Device tree "structure" block
529
530The structure of the device tree is a linearized tree structure. The
531"OF_DT_BEGIN_NODE" token starts a new node, and the "OF_DT_END_NODE"
532ends that node definition. Child nodes are simply defined before
533"OF_DT_END_NODE" (that is nodes within the node). A 'token' is a 32
534bit value. The tree has to be "finished" with a OF_DT_END token
535
536Here's the basic structure of a single node:
537
538 * token OF_DT_BEGIN_NODE (that is 0x00000001)
539 * for version 1 to 3, this is the node full path as a zero
540 terminated string, starting with "/". For version 16 and later,
541 this is the node unit name only (or an empty string for the
542 root node)
543 * [align gap to next 4 bytes boundary]
544 * for each property:
545 * token OF_DT_PROP (that is 0x00000003)
546 * 32 bit value of property value size in bytes (or 0 of no
547 * value)
548 * 32 bit value of offset in string block of property name
549 * property value data if any
550 * [align gap to next 4 bytes boundary]
551 * [child nodes if any]
552 * token OF_DT_END_NODE (that is 0x00000002)
553
554So the node content can be summmarised as a start token, a full path,
555a list of properties, a list of child node and an end token. Every
556child node is a full node structure itself as defined above.
557
5584) Device tree 'strings" block
559
560In order to save space, property names, which are generally redundant,
561are stored separately in the "strings" block. This block is simply the
562whole bunch of zero terminated strings for all property names
563concatenated together. The device-tree property definitions in the
564structure block will contain offset values from the beginning of the
565strings block.
566
567
568III - Required content of the device tree
569=========================================
570
571WARNING: All "linux,*" properties defined in this document apply only
572to a flattened device-tree. If your platform uses a real
573implementation of Open Firmware or an implementation compatible with
574the Open Firmware client interface, those properties will be created
575by the trampoline code in the kernel's prom_init() file. For example,
576that's where you'll have to add code to detect your board model and
577set the platform number. However, when using the flatenned device-tree
578entry point, there is no prom_init() pass, and thus you have to
579provide those properties yourself.
580
581
5821) Note about cells and address representation
583----------------------------------------------
584
585The general rule is documented in the various Open Firmware
586documentations. If you chose to describe a bus with the device-tree
587and there exist an OF bus binding, then you should follow the
588specification. However, the kernel does not require every single
589device or bus to be described by the device tree.
590
591In general, the format of an address for a device is defined by the
592parent bus type, based on the #address-cells and #size-cells
593property. In the absence of such a property, the parent's parent
594values are used, etc... The kernel requires the root node to have
595those properties defining addresses format for devices directly mapped
596on the processor bus.
597
598Those 2 properties define 'cells' for representing an address and a
599size. A "cell" is a 32 bit number. For example, if both contain 2
600like the example tree given above, then an address and a size are both
601composed of 2 cells, and each is a 64 bit number (cells are
602concatenated and expected to be in big endian format). Another example
603is the way Apple firmware defines them, with 2 cells for an address
604and one cell for a size. Most 32-bit implementations should define
605#address-cells and #size-cells to 1, which represents a 32-bit value.
606Some 32-bit processors allow for physical addresses greater than 32
607bits; these processors should define #address-cells as 2.
608
609"reg" properties are always a tuple of the type "address size" where
610the number of cells of address and size is specified by the bus
611#address-cells and #size-cells. When a bus supports various address
612spaces and other flags relative to a given address allocation (like
613prefetchable, etc...) those flags are usually added to the top level
614bits of the physical address. For example, a PCI physical address is
615made of 3 cells, the bottom two containing the actual address itself
616while the top cell contains address space indication, flags, and pci
617bus & device numbers.
618
619For busses that support dynamic allocation, it's the accepted practice
620to then not provide the address in "reg" (keep it 0) though while
621providing a flag indicating the address is dynamically allocated, and
622then, to provide a separate "assigned-addresses" property that
623contains the fully allocated addresses. See the PCI OF bindings for
624details.
625
626In general, a simple bus with no address space bits and no dynamic
627allocation is preferred if it reflects your hardware, as the existing
628kernel address parsing functions will work out of the box. If you
629define a bus type with a more complex address format, including things
630like address space bits, you'll have to add a bus translator to the
631prom_parse.c file of the recent kernels for your bus type.
632
633The "reg" property only defines addresses and sizes (if #size-cells
634is
635non-0) within a given bus. In order to translate addresses upward
636(that is into parent bus addresses, and possibly into cpu physical
637addresses), all busses must contain a "ranges" property. If the
638"ranges" property is missing at a given level, it's assumed that
639translation isn't possible. The format of the "ranges" proprety for a
640bus is a list of:
641
642 bus address, parent bus address, size
643
644"bus address" is in the format of the bus this bus node is defining,
645that is, for a PCI bridge, it would be a PCI address. Thus, (bus
646address, size) defines a range of addresses for child devices. "parent
647bus address" is in the format of the parent bus of this bus. For
648example, for a PCI host controller, that would be a CPU address. For a
649PCI<->ISA bridge, that would be a PCI address. It defines the base
650address in the parent bus where the beginning of that range is mapped.
651
652For a new 64 bit powerpc board, I recommend either the 2/2 format or
653Apple's 2/1 format which is slightly more compact since sizes usually
654fit in a single 32 bit word. New 32 bit powerpc boards should use a
6551/1 format, unless the processor supports physical addresses greater
656than 32-bits, in which case a 2/1 format is recommended.
657
658
6592) Note about "compatible" properties
660-------------------------------------
661
662These properties are optional, but recommended in devices and the root
663node. The format of a "compatible" property is a list of concatenated
664zero terminated strings. They allow a device to express its
665compatibility with a family of similar devices, in some cases,
666allowing a single driver to match against several devices regardless
667of their actual names.
668
6693) Note about "name" properties
670-------------------------------
671
672While earlier users of Open Firmware like OldWorld macintoshes tended
673to use the actual device name for the "name" property, it's nowadays
674considered a good practice to use a name that is closer to the device
675class (often equal to device_type). For example, nowadays, ethernet
676controllers are named "ethernet", an additional "model" property
677defining precisely the chip type/model, and "compatible" property
678defining the family in case a single driver can driver more than one
679of these chips. However, the kernel doesn't generally put any
680restriction on the "name" property; it is simply considered good
681practice to follow the standard and its evolutions as closely as
682possible.
683
684Note also that the new format version 16 makes the "name" property
685optional. If it's absent for a node, then the node's unit name is then
686used to reconstruct the name. That is, the part of the unit name
687before the "@" sign is used (or the entire unit name if no "@" sign
688is present).
689
6904) Note about node and property names and character set
691-------------------------------------------------------
692
693While open firmware provides more flexibe usage of 8859-1, this
694specification enforces more strict rules. Nodes and properties should
695be comprised only of ASCII characters 'a' to 'z', '0' to
696'9', ',', '.', '_', '+', '#', '?', and '-'. Node names additionally
697allow uppercase characters 'A' to 'Z' (property names should be
698lowercase. The fact that vendors like Apple don't respect this rule is
699irrelevant here). Additionally, node and property names should always
700begin with a character in the range 'a' to 'z' (or 'A' to 'Z' for node
701names).
702
703The maximum number of characters for both nodes and property names
704is 31. In the case of node names, this is only the leftmost part of
705a unit name (the pure "name" property), it doesn't include the unit
706address which can extend beyond that limit.
707
708
7095) Required nodes and properties
710--------------------------------
711 These are all that are currently required. However, it is strongly
712 recommended that you expose PCI host bridges as documented in the
713 PCI binding to open firmware, and your interrupt tree as documented
714 in OF interrupt tree specification.
715
716 a) The root node
717
718 The root node requires some properties to be present:
719
720 - model : this is your board name/model
721 - #address-cells : address representation for "root" devices
722 - #size-cells: the size representation for "root" devices
723
724 Additionally, some recommended properties are:
725
726 - compatible : the board "family" generally finds its way here,
727 for example, if you have 2 board models with a similar layout,
728 that typically get driven by the same platform code in the
729 kernel, you would use a different "model" property but put a
730 value in "compatible". The kernel doesn't directly use that
731 value (see /chosen/linux,platform for how the kernel choses a
732 platform type) but it is generally useful.
733
734 The root node is also generally where you add additional properties
735 specific to your board like the serial number if any, that sort of
736 thing. it is recommended that if you add any "custom" property whose
737 name may clash with standard defined ones, you prefix them with your
738 vendor name and a comma.
739
740 b) The /cpus node
741
742 This node is the parent of all individual CPU nodes. It doesn't
743 have any specific requirements, though it's generally good practice
744 to have at least:
745
746 #address-cells = <00000001>
747 #size-cells = <00000000>
748
749 This defines that the "address" for a CPU is a single cell, and has
750 no meaningful size. This is not necessary but the kernel will assume
751 that format when reading the "reg" properties of a CPU node, see
752 below
753
754 c) The /cpus/* nodes
755
756 So under /cpus, you are supposed to create a node for every CPU on
757 the machine. There is no specific restriction on the name of the
758 CPU, though It's common practice to call it PowerPC,<name>. For
759 example, Apple uses PowerPC,G5 while IBM uses PowerPC,970FX.
760
761 Required properties:
762
763 - device_type : has to be "cpu"
764 - reg : This is the physical cpu number, it's a single 32 bit cell
765 and is also used as-is as the unit number for constructing the
766 unit name in the full path. For example, with 2 CPUs, you would
767 have the full path:
768 /cpus/PowerPC,970FX@0
769 /cpus/PowerPC,970FX@1
770 (unit addresses do not require leading zeroes)
771 - d-cache-line-size : one cell, L1 data cache line size in bytes
772 - i-cache-line-size : one cell, L1 instruction cache line size in
773 bytes
774 - d-cache-size : one cell, size of L1 data cache in bytes
775 - i-cache-size : one cell, size of L1 instruction cache in bytes
776 - linux, boot-cpu : Should be defined if this cpu is the boot cpu.
777
778 Recommended properties:
779
780 - timebase-frequency : a cell indicating the frequency of the
781 timebase in Hz. This is not directly used by the generic code,
782 but you are welcome to copy/paste the pSeries code for setting
783 the kernel timebase/decrementer calibration based on this
784 value.
785 - clock-frequency : a cell indicating the CPU core clock frequency
786 in Hz. A new property will be defined for 64 bit values, but if
787 your frequency is < 4Ghz, one cell is enough. Here as well as
788 for the above, the common code doesn't use that property, but
789 you are welcome to re-use the pSeries or Maple one. A future
790 kernel version might provide a common function for this.
791
792 You are welcome to add any property you find relevant to your board,
793 like some information about the mechanism used to soft-reset the
794 CPUs. For example, Apple puts the GPIO number for CPU soft reset
795 lines in there as a "soft-reset" property since they start secondary
796 CPUs by soft-resetting them.
797
798
799 d) the /memory node(s)
800
801 To define the physical memory layout of your board, you should
802 create one or more memory node(s). You can either create a single
803 node with all memory ranges in its reg property, or you can create
804 several nodes, as you wish. The unit address (@ part) used for the
805 full path is the address of the first range of memory defined by a
806 given node. If you use a single memory node, this will typically be
807 @0.
808
809 Required properties:
810
811 - device_type : has to be "memory"
812 - reg : This property contains all the physical memory ranges of
813 your board. It's a list of addresses/sizes concatenated
814 together, with the number of cells of each defined by the
815 #address-cells and #size-cells of the root node. For example,
816 with both of these properties beeing 2 like in the example given
817 earlier, a 970 based machine with 6Gb of RAM could typically
818 have a "reg" property here that looks like:
819
820 00000000 00000000 00000000 80000000
821 00000001 00000000 00000001 00000000
822
823 That is a range starting at 0 of 0x80000000 bytes and a range
824 starting at 0x100000000 and of 0x100000000 bytes. You can see
825 that there is no memory covering the IO hole between 2Gb and
826 4Gb. Some vendors prefer splitting those ranges into smaller
827 segments, but the kernel doesn't care.
828
829 e) The /chosen node
830
831 This node is a bit "special". Normally, that's where open firmware
832 puts some variable environment information, like the arguments, or
833 phandle pointers to nodes like the main interrupt controller, or the
834 default input/output devices.
835
836 This specification makes a few of these mandatory, but also defines
837 some linux-specific properties that would be normally constructed by
838 the prom_init() trampoline when booting with an OF client interface,
839 but that you have to provide yourself when using the flattened format.
840
841 Required properties:
842
843 - linux,platform : This is your platform number as assigned by the
844 architecture maintainers
845
846 Recommended properties:
847
848 - bootargs : This zero-terminated string is passed as the kernel
849 command line
850 - linux,stdout-path : This is the full path to your standard
851 console device if any. Typically, if you have serial devices on
852 your board, you may want to put the full path to the one set as
853 the default console in the firmware here, for the kernel to pick
854 it up as it's own default console. If you look at the funciton
855 set_preferred_console() in arch/ppc64/kernel/setup.c, you'll see
856 that the kernel tries to find out the default console and has
857 knowledge of various types like 8250 serial ports. You may want
858 to extend this function to add your own.
859 - interrupt-controller : This is one cell containing a phandle
860 value that matches the "linux,phandle" property of your main
861 interrupt controller node. May be used for interrupt routing.
862
863
864 Note that u-boot creates and fills in the chosen node for platforms
865 that use it.
866
867 f) the /soc<SOCname> node
868
869 This node is used to represent a system-on-a-chip (SOC) and must be
870 present if the processor is a SOC. The top-level soc node contains
871 information that is global to all devices on the SOC. The node name
872 should contain a unit address for the SOC, which is the base address
873 of the memory-mapped register set for the SOC. The name of an soc
874 node should start with "soc", and the remainder of the name should
875 represent the part number for the soc. For example, the MPC8540's
876 soc node would be called "soc8540".
877
878 Required properties:
879
880 - device_type : Should be "soc"
881 - ranges : Should be defined as specified in 1) to describe the
882 translation of SOC addresses for memory mapped SOC registers.
883
884 Recommended properties:
885
886 - reg : This property defines the address and size of the
887 memory-mapped registers that are used for the SOC node itself.
888 It does not include the child device registers - these will be
889 defined inside each child node. The address specified in the
890 "reg" property should match the unit address of the SOC node.
891 - #address-cells : Address representation for "soc" devices. The
892 format of this field may vary depending on whether or not the
893 device registers are memory mapped. For memory mapped
894 registers, this field represents the number of cells needed to
895 represent the address of the registers. For SOCs that do not
896 use MMIO, a special address format should be defined that
897 contains enough cells to represent the required information.
898 See 1) above for more details on defining #address-cells.
899 - #size-cells : Size representation for "soc" devices
900 - #interrupt-cells : Defines the width of cells used to represent
901 interrupts. Typically this value is <2>, which includes a
902 32-bit number that represents the interrupt number, and a
903 32-bit number that represents the interrupt sense and level.
904 This field is only needed if the SOC contains an interrupt
905 controller.
906
907 The SOC node may contain child nodes for each SOC device that the
908 platform uses. Nodes should not be created for devices which exist
909 on the SOC but are not used by a particular platform. See chapter VI
910 for more information on how to specify devices that are part of an
911SOC.
912
913 Example SOC node for the MPC8540:
914
915 soc8540@e0000000 {
916 #address-cells = <1>;
917 #size-cells = <1>;
918 #interrupt-cells = <2>;
919 device_type = "soc";
920 ranges = <00000000 e0000000 00100000>
921 reg = <e0000000 00003000>;
922 }
923
924
925
926IV - "dtc", the device tree compiler
927====================================
928
929
930dtc source code can be found at
931<http://ozlabs.org/~dgibson/dtc/dtc.tar.gz>
932
933WARNING: This version is still in early development stage; the
934resulting device-tree "blobs" have not yet been validated with the
935kernel. The current generated bloc lacks a useful reserve map (it will
936be fixed to generate an empty one, it's up to the bootloader to fill
937it up) among others. The error handling needs work, bugs are lurking,
938etc...
939
940dtc basically takes a device-tree in a given format and outputs a
941device-tree in another format. The currently supported formats are:
942
943 Input formats:
944 -------------
945
946 - "dtb": "blob" format, that is a flattened device-tree block
947 with
948 header all in a binary blob.
949 - "dts": "source" format. This is a text file containing a
950 "source" for a device-tree. The format is defined later in this
951 chapter.
952 - "fs" format. This is a representation equivalent to the
953 output of /proc/device-tree, that is nodes are directories and
954 properties are files
955
956 Output formats:
957 ---------------
958
959 - "dtb": "blob" format
960 - "dts": "source" format
961 - "asm": assembly language file. This is a file that can be
962 sourced by gas to generate a device-tree "blob". That file can
963 then simply be added to your Makefile. Additionally, the
964 assembly file exports some symbols that can be use
965
966
967The syntax of the dtc tool is
968
969 dtc [-I <input-format>] [-O <output-format>]
970 [-o output-filename] [-V output_version] input_filename
971
972
973The "output_version" defines what versio of the "blob" format will be
974generated. Supported versions are 1,2,3 and 16. The default is
975currently version 3 but that may change in the future to version 16.
976
977Additionally, dtc performs various sanity checks on the tree, like the
978uniqueness of linux,phandle properties, validity of strings, etc...
979
980The format of the .dts "source" file is "C" like, supports C and C++
981style commments.
982
983/ {
984}
985
986The above is the "device-tree" definition. It's the only statement
987supported currently at the toplevel.
988
989/ {
990 property1 = "string_value"; /* define a property containing a 0
991 * terminated string
992 */
993
994 property2 = <1234abcd>; /* define a property containing a
995 * numerical 32 bits value (hexadecimal)
996 */
997
998 property3 = <12345678 12345678 deadbeef>;
999 /* define a property containing 3
1000 * numerical 32 bits values (cells) in
1001 * hexadecimal
1002 */
1003 property4 = [0a 0b 0c 0d de ea ad be ef];
1004 /* define a property whose content is
1005 * an arbitrary array of bytes
1006 */
1007
1008 childnode@addresss { /* define a child node named "childnode"
1009 * whose unit name is "childnode at
1010 * address"
1011 */
1012
1013 childprop = "hello\n"; /* define a property "childprop" of
1014 * childnode (in this case, a string)
1015 */
1016 };
1017};
1018
1019Nodes can contain other nodes etc... thus defining the hierarchical
1020structure of the tree.
1021
1022Strings support common escape sequences from C: "\n", "\t", "\r",
1023"\(octal value)", "\x(hex value)".
1024
1025It is also suggested that you pipe your source file through cpp (gcc
1026preprocessor) so you can use #include's, #define for constants, etc...
1027
1028Finally, various options are planned but not yet implemented, like
1029automatic generation of phandles, labels (exported to the asm file so
1030you can point to a property content and change it easily from whatever
1031you link the device-tree with), label or path instead of numeric value
1032in some cells to "point" to a node (replaced by a phandle at compile
1033time), export of reserve map address to the asm file, ability to
1034specify reserve map content at compile time, etc...
1035
1036We may provide a .h include file with common definitions of that
1037proves useful for some properties (like building PCI properties or
1038interrupt maps) though it may be better to add a notion of struct
1039definitions to the compiler...
1040
1041
1042V - Recommendations for a bootloader
1043====================================
1044
1045
1046Here are some various ideas/recommendations that have been proposed
1047while all this has been defined and implemented.
1048
1049 - The bootloader may want to be able to use the device-tree itself
1050 and may want to manipulate it (to add/edit some properties,
1051 like physical memory size or kernel arguments). At this point, 2
1052 choices can be made. Either the bootloader works directly on the
1053 flattened format, or the bootloader has its own internal tree
1054 representation with pointers (similar to the kernel one) and
1055 re-flattens the tree when booting the kernel. The former is a bit
1056 more difficult to edit/modify, the later requires probably a bit
1057 more code to handle the tree structure. Note that the structure
1058 format has been designed so it's relatively easy to "insert"
1059 properties or nodes or delete them by just memmoving things
1060 around. It contains no internal offsets or pointers for this
1061 purpose.
1062
1063 - An example of code for iterating nodes & retreiving properties
1064 directly from the flattened tree format can be found in the kernel
1065 file arch/ppc64/kernel/prom.c, look at scan_flat_dt() function,
1066 it's usage in early_init_devtree(), and the corresponding various
1067 early_init_dt_scan_*() callbacks. That code can be re-used in a
1068 GPL bootloader, and as the author of that code, I would be happy
1069 do discuss possible free licencing to any vendor who wishes to
1070 integrate all or part of this code into a non-GPL bootloader.
1071
1072
1073
1074VI - System-on-a-chip devices and nodes
1075=======================================
1076
1077Many companies are now starting to develop system-on-a-chip
1078processors, where the processor core (cpu) and many peripheral devices
1079exist on a single piece of silicon. For these SOCs, an SOC node
1080should be used that defines child nodes for the devices that make
1081up the SOC. While platforms are not required to use this model in
1082order to boot the kernel, it is highly encouraged that all SOC
1083implementations define as complete a flat-device-tree as possible to
1084describe the devices on the SOC. This will allow for the
1085genericization of much of the kernel code.
1086
1087
10881) Defining child nodes of an SOC
1089---------------------------------
1090
1091Each device that is part of an SOC may have its own node entry inside
1092the SOC node. For each device that is included in the SOC, the unit
1093address property represents the address offset for this device's
1094memory-mapped registers in the parent's address space. The parent's
1095address space is defined by the "ranges" property in the top-level soc
1096node. The "reg" property for each node that exists directly under the
1097SOC node should contain the address mapping from the child address space
1098to the parent SOC address space and the size of the device's
1099memory-mapped register file.
1100
1101For many devices that may exist inside an SOC, there are predefined
1102specifications for the format of the device tree node. All SOC child
1103nodes should follow these specifications, except where noted in this
1104document.
1105
1106See appendix A for an example partial SOC node definition for the
1107MPC8540.
1108
1109
11102) Specifying interrupt information for SOC devices
1111---------------------------------------------------
1112
1113Each device that is part of an SOC and which generates interrupts
1114should have the following properties:
1115
1116 - interrupt-parent : contains the phandle of the interrupt
1117 controller which handles interrupts for this device
1118 - interrupts : a list of tuples representing the interrupt
1119 number and the interrupt sense and level for each interupt
1120 for this device.
1121
1122This information is used by the kernel to build the interrupt table
1123for the interrupt controllers in the system.
1124
1125Sense and level information should be encoded as follows:
1126
1127 Devices connected to openPIC-compatible controllers should encode
1128 sense and polarity as follows:
1129
1130 0 = high to low edge sensitive type enabled
1131 1 = active low level sensitive type enabled
1132 2 = low to high edge sensitive type enabled
1133 3 = active high level sensitive type enabled
1134
1135 ISA PIC interrupt controllers should adhere to the ISA PIC
1136 encodings listed below:
1137
1138 0 = active low level sensitive type enabled
1139 1 = active high level sensitive type enabled
1140 2 = high to low edge sensitive type enabled
1141 3 = low to high edge sensitive type enabled
1142
1143
1144
11453) Representing devices without a current OF specification
1146----------------------------------------------------------
1147
1148Currently, there are many devices on SOCs that do not have a standard
1149representation pre-defined as part of the open firmware
1150specifications, mainly because the boards that contain these SOCs are
1151not currently booted using open firmware. This section contains
1152descriptions for the SOC devices for which new nodes have been
1153defined; this list will expand as more and more SOC-containing
1154platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model.
1155
1156 a) MDIO IO device
1157
1158 The MDIO is a bus to which the PHY devices are connected. For each
1159 device that exists on this bus, a child node should be created. See
1160 the definition of the PHY node below for an example of how to define
1161 a PHY.
1162
1163 Required properties:
1164 - reg : Offset and length of the register set for the device
1165 - device_type : Should be "mdio"
1166 - compatible : Should define the compatible device type for the
1167 mdio. Currently, this is most likely to be "gianfar"
1168
1169 Example:
1170
1171 mdio@24520 {
1172 reg = <24520 20>;
1173
1174 ethernet-phy@0 {
1175 ......
1176 };
1177 };
1178
1179
1180 b) Gianfar-compatible ethernet nodes
1181
1182 Required properties:
1183
1184 - device_type : Should be "network"
1185 - model : Model of the device. Can be "TSEC", "eTSEC", or "FEC"
1186 - compatible : Should be "gianfar"
1187 - reg : Offset and length of the register set for the device
1188 - address : List of bytes representing the ethernet address of
1189 this controller
1190 - interrupts : <a b> where a is the interrupt number and b is a
1191 field that represents an encoding of the sense and level
1192 information for the interrupt. This should be encoded based on
1193 the information in section 2) depending on the type of interrupt
1194 controller you have.
1195 - interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller that
1196 services interrupts for this device.
1197 - phy-handle : The phandle for the PHY connected to this ethernet
1198 controller.
1199
1200 Example:
1201
1202 ethernet@24000 {
1203 #size-cells = <0>;
1204 device_type = "network";
1205 model = "TSEC";
1206 compatible = "gianfar";
1207 reg = <24000 1000>;
1208 address = [ 00 E0 0C 00 73 00 ];
1209 interrupts = <d 3 e 3 12 3>;
1210 interrupt-parent = <40000>;
1211 phy-handle = <2452000>
1212 };
1213
1214
1215
1216 c) PHY nodes
1217
1218 Required properties:
1219
1220 - device_type : Should be "ethernet-phy"
1221 - interrupts : <a b> where a is the interrupt number and b is a
1222 field that represents an encoding of the sense and level
1223 information for the interrupt. This should be encoded based on
1224 the information in section 2) depending on the type of interrupt
1225 controller you have.
1226 - interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller that
1227 services interrupts for this device.
1228 - reg : The ID number for the phy, usually a small integer
1229 - linux,phandle : phandle for this node; likely referenced by an
1230 ethernet controller node.
1231
1232
1233 Example:
1234
1235 ethernet-phy@0 {
1236 linux,phandle = <2452000>
1237 interrupt-parent = <40000>;
1238 interrupts = <35 1>;
1239 reg = <0>;
1240 device_type = "ethernet-phy";
1241 };
1242
1243
1244 d) Interrupt controllers
1245
1246 Some SOC devices contain interrupt controllers that are different
1247 from the standard Open PIC specification. The SOC device nodes for
1248 these types of controllers should be specified just like a standard
1249 OpenPIC controller. Sense and level information should be encoded
1250 as specified in section 2) of this chapter for each device that
1251 specifies an interrupt.
1252
1253 Example :
1254
1255 pic@40000 {
1256 linux,phandle = <40000>;
1257 clock-frequency = <0>;
1258 interrupt-controller;
1259 #address-cells = <0>;
1260 reg = <40000 40000>;
1261 built-in;
1262 compatible = "chrp,open-pic";
1263 device_type = "open-pic";
1264 big-endian;
1265 };
1266
1267
1268 e) I2C
1269
1270 Required properties :
1271
1272 - device_type : Should be "i2c"
1273 - reg : Offset and length of the register set for the device
1274
1275 Recommended properties :
1276
1277 - compatible : Should be "fsl-i2c" for parts compatible with
1278 Freescale I2C specifications.
1279 - interrupts : <a b> where a is the interrupt number and b is a
1280 field that represents an encoding of the sense and level
1281 information for the interrupt. This should be encoded based on
1282 the information in section 2) depending on the type of interrupt
1283 controller you have.
1284 - interrupt-parent : the phandle for the interrupt controller that
1285 services interrupts for this device.
1286 - dfsrr : boolean; if defined, indicates that this I2C device has
1287 a digital filter sampling rate register
1288 - fsl5200-clocking : boolean; if defined, indicated that this device
1289 uses the FSL 5200 clocking mechanism.
1290
1291 Example :
1292
1293 i2c@3000 {
1294 interrupt-parent = <40000>;
1295 interrupts = <1b 3>;
1296 reg = <3000 18>;
1297 device_type = "i2c";
1298 compatible = "fsl-i2c";
1299 dfsrr;
1300 };
1301
1302
1303 More devices will be defined as this spec matures.
1304
1305
1306Appendix A - Sample SOC node for MPC8540
1307========================================
1308
1309Note that the #address-cells and #size-cells for the SoC node
1310in this example have been explicitly listed; these are likely
1311not necessary as they are usually the same as the root node.
1312
1313 soc8540@e0000000 {
1314 #address-cells = <1>;
1315 #size-cells = <1>;
1316 #interrupt-cells = <2>;
1317 device_type = "soc";
1318 ranges = <00000000 e0000000 00100000>
1319 reg = <e0000000 00003000>;
1320
1321 mdio@24520 {
1322 reg = <24520 20>;
1323 device_type = "mdio";
1324 compatible = "gianfar";
1325
1326 ethernet-phy@0 {
1327 linux,phandle = <2452000>
1328 interrupt-parent = <40000>;
1329 interrupts = <35 1>;
1330 reg = <0>;
1331 device_type = "ethernet-phy";
1332 };
1333
1334 ethernet-phy@1 {
1335 linux,phandle = <2452001>
1336 interrupt-parent = <40000>;
1337 interrupts = <35 1>;
1338 reg = <1>;
1339 device_type = "ethernet-phy";
1340 };
1341
1342 ethernet-phy@3 {
1343 linux,phandle = <2452002>
1344 interrupt-parent = <40000>;
1345 interrupts = <35 1>;
1346 reg = <3>;
1347 device_type = "ethernet-phy";
1348 };
1349
1350 };
1351
1352 ethernet@24000 {
1353 #size-cells = <0>;
1354 device_type = "network";
1355 model = "TSEC";
1356 compatible = "gianfar";
1357 reg = <24000 1000>;
1358 address = [ 00 E0 0C 00 73 00 ];
1359 interrupts = <d 3 e 3 12 3>;
1360 interrupt-parent = <40000>;
1361 phy-handle = <2452000>;
1362 };
1363
1364 ethernet@25000 {
1365 #address-cells = <1>;
1366 #size-cells = <0>;
1367 device_type = "network";
1368 model = "TSEC";
1369 compatible = "gianfar";
1370 reg = <25000 1000>;
1371 address = [ 00 E0 0C 00 73 01 ];
1372 interrupts = <13 3 14 3 18 3>;
1373 interrupt-parent = <40000>;
1374 phy-handle = <2452001>;
1375 };
1376
1377 ethernet@26000 {
1378 #address-cells = <1>;
1379 #size-cells = <0>;
1380 device_type = "network";
1381 model = "FEC";
1382 compatible = "gianfar";
1383 reg = <26000 1000>;
1384 address = [ 00 E0 0C 00 73 02 ];
1385 interrupts = <19 3>;
1386 interrupt-parent = <40000>;
1387 phy-handle = <2452002>;
1388 };
1389
1390 serial@4500 {
1391 device_type = "serial";
1392 compatible = "ns16550";
1393 reg = <4500 100>;
1394 clock-frequency = <0>;
1395 interrupts = <1a 3>;
1396 interrupt-parent = <40000>;
1397 };
1398
1399 pic@40000 {
1400 linux,phandle = <40000>;
1401 clock-frequency = <0>;
1402 interrupt-controller;
1403 #address-cells = <0>;
1404 reg = <40000 40000>;
1405 built-in;
1406 compatible = "chrp,open-pic";
1407 device_type = "open-pic";
1408 big-endian;
1409 };
1410
1411 i2c@3000 {
1412 interrupt-parent = <40000>;
1413 interrupts = <1b 3>;
1414 reg = <3000 18>;
1415 device_type = "i2c";
1416 compatible = "fsl-i2c";
1417 dfsrr;
1418 };
1419
1420 };