/*
* spi_bitbang.c - polling/bitbanging SPI master controller driver utilities
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/spi/spi.h>
#include <linux/spi/spi_bitbang.h>
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*
* FIRST PART (OPTIONAL): word-at-a-time spi_transfer support.
* Use this for GPIO or shift-register level hardware APIs.
*
* spi_bitbang_cs is in spi_device->controller_state, which is unavailable
* to glue code. These bitbang setup() and cleanup() routines are always
* used, though maybe they're called from controller-aware code.
*
* chipselect() and friends may use use spi_device->controller_data and
* controller registers as appropriate.
*
*
* NOTE: SPI controller pins can often be used as GPIO pins instead,
* which means you could use a bitbang driver either to get hardware
* working quickly, or testing for differences that aren't speed related.
*/
struct spi_bitbang_cs {
unsigned nsecs; /* (clock cycle time)/2 */
u32 (*txrx_word)(struct spi_device *spi, unsigned nsecs,
u32 word, u8 bits);
unsigned (*txrx_bufs)(struct spi_device *,
u32 (*txrx_word)(
struct spi_device *spi,
unsigned nsecs,
u32 word, u8 bits),
unsigned, struct spi_transfer *);
};
static unsigned bitbang_txrx_8(
struct spi_device *spi,
u32 (*txrx_word)(struct spi_device *spi,
unsigned nsecs,
u32 word, u8 bits),
unsigned ns,
struct spi_transfer *t
) {
unsigned bits = spi->bits_per_word;
unsigned count = t->len;
const u8 *tx = t->tx_buf;
u8 *rx = t->rx_buf;
while (likely(count > 0)) {
u8 word = 0;
if (tx)
word = *tx++;
word = txrx_word(spi, ns, word, bits);
if (rx)
*rx++ = word;
count -= 1;
}
return t->len - count;
}
static unsigned bitbang_txrx_16(
struct spi_device *spi,
u32 (*txrx_word)(struct spi_device *spi,
unsigned nsecs,
u32 word, u8 bits),
unsigned ns,
struct spi_transfer *t
) {
unsigned bits = spi->bits_per_word;
unsigned count = t->len;
const u16 *tx = t->tx_buf;
u16 *rx = t->rx_buf;
while (likely(count > 1)) {
u16 word = 0;
if (tx)
word = *tx++;
word = txrx_word(spi, ns, word, bits);
if (rx)
*rx++ = word;
count -= 2;
}
return t->len - count;
}
static unsigned bitbang_txrx_32(
struct spi_device *spi,
u32 (*txrx_word)(struct spi_device *spi,
unsigned nsecs,
u32 word, u8 bits),
unsigned ns,
struct spi_transfer *t
) {
unsigned bits = spi->bits_per_word;
unsigned count = t->len;
const u32 *tx = t->tx_buf;
u32 *rx = t->rx_buf;
while (likely(count > 3)) {
u32 word = 0;
if (tx)
word = *tx++;
word = txrx_word(spi, ns, word, bits);
if (rx)
*rx++ = word;
count -= 4;
}
return t->len - count;
}
int spi_bitbang_setup_transfer(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_transfer *t)
{
struct spi_bitbang_cs *cs = spi->controller_state;
u8 bits_per_word;
u32 hz;
if (t) {
bits_per_word = t->bits_per_word;
hz = t->speed_hz;
} else {
bits_per_word = 0;
hz = 0;
}
/* spi_transfer level calls that work per-word */
if (!bits_per_word)
bits_per_word = spi->bits_per_word;
if (bits_per_word <= 8)
cs->txrx_bufs = bitbang_txrx_8;
else if (bits_per_word <= 16)
cs->txrx_bufs = bitbang_txrx_16;
else if (bits_per_word <= 32)
cs->txrx_bufs = bitbang_txrx_32;
else
return -EINVAL;
/* nsecs = (clock period)/2 */
if (!hz)
hz = spi->max_speed_hz;
if (hz) {
cs->nsecs = (1000000000/2) / hz;
if (cs->nsecs > (MAX_UDELAY_MS * 1000 * 1000))
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_setup_transfer);
/**
* spi_bitbang_setup - default setup for per-word I/O loops
*/
int spi_bitbang_setup(struct spi_device *spi)
{
struct spi_bitbang_cs *cs = spi->controller_state;
struct spi_bitbang *bitbang;
int retval;
bitbang = spi_master_get_devdata(spi->master);
/* REVISIT: some systems will want to support devices using lsb-first
* bit encodings on the wire. In pure software that would be trivial,
* just bitbang_txrx_le_cphaX() routines shifting the other way, and
* some hardware controllers also have this support.
*/
if ((spi->mode & SPI_LSB_FIRST) != 0)
return -EINVAL;
if (!cs) {
cs = kzalloc(sizeof *cs, SLAB_KERNEL);
if (!cs)
return -ENOMEM;
spi->controller_state = cs;
}
if (!spi->bits_per_word)
spi->bits_per_word = 8;
/* per-word shift register access, in hardware or bitbanging */
cs->txrx_word = bitbang->txrx_word[spi->mode & (SPI_CPOL|SPI_CPHA)];
if (!cs->txrx_word)
return -EINVAL;
retval = spi_bitbang_setup_transfer(spi, NULL);
if (retval < 0)
return retval;
dev_dbg(&spi->dev, "%s, mode %d, %u bits/w, %u nsec/bit\n",
__FUNCTION__, spi->mode & (SPI_CPOL | SPI_CPHA),
spi->bits_per_word, 2 * cs->nsecs);
/* NOTE we _need_ to call chipselect() early, ideally with adapter
* setup, unless the hardware defaults cooperate to avoid confusion
* between normal (active low) and inverted chipselects.
*/
/* deselect chip (low or high) */
spin_lock(&bitbang->lock);
if (!bitbang->busy) {
bitbang->chipselect(spi, BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE);
ndelay(cs->nsecs);
}
spin_unlock(&bitbang->lock);
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_setup);
/**
* spi_bitbang_cleanup - default cleanup for per-word I/O loops
*/
void spi_bitbang_cleanup(const struct spi_device *spi)
{
kfree(spi->controller_state);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_cleanup);
static int spi_bitbang_bufs(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_transfer *t)
{
struct spi_bitbang_cs *cs = spi->controller_state;
unsigned nsecs = cs->nsecs;
return cs->txrx_bufs(spi, cs->txrx_word, nsecs, t);
}
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*
* SECOND PART ... simple transfer queue runner.
*
* This costs a task context per controller, running the queue by
* performing each transfer in sequence. Smarter hardware can queue
* several DMA transfers at once, and process several controller queues
* in parallel; this driver doesn't match such hardware very well.
*
* Drivers can provide word-at-a-time i/o primitives, or provide
* transfer-at-a-time ones to leverage dma or fifo hardware.
*/
static void bitbang_work(void *_bitbang)
{
struct spi_bitbang *bitbang = _bitbang;
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&bitbang->lock, flags);
bitbang->busy = 1;
while (!list_empty(&bitbang->queue)) {
struct spi_message *m;
struct spi_device *spi;
unsigned nsecs;
struct spi_transfer *t = NULL;
unsigned tmp;
unsigned cs_change;
int status;
int (*setup_transfer)(struct spi_device *,
struct spi_transfer *);
m = container_of(bitbang->queue.next, struct spi_message,
queue);
list_del_init(&m->queue);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bitbang->lock, flags);
/* FIXME this is made-up ... the correct value is known to
* word-at-a-time bitbang code, and presumably chipselect()
* should enforce these requirements too?
*/
nsecs = 100;
spi = m->spi;
tmp = 0;
cs_change = 1;
status = 0;
setup_transfer = NULL;
list_for_each_entry (t, &m->transfers, transfer_list) {
if (bitbang->shutdown) {
status = -ESHUTDOWN;
break;
}
/* override or restore speed and wordsize */
if (t->speed_hz || t->bits_per_word) {
setup_transfer = bitbang->setup_transfer;
if (!setup_transfer) {
status = -ENOPROTOOPT;
break;
}
}
if (setup_transfer) {
status = setup_transfer(spi, t);
if (status < 0)
break;
}
/* set up default clock polarity, and activate chip;
* this implicitly updates clock and spi modes as
* previously recorded for this device via setup().
* (and also deselects any other chip that might be
* selected ...)
*/
if (cs_change) {
bitbang->chipselect(spi, BITBANG_CS_ACTIVE);
ndelay(nsecs);
}
cs_change = t->cs_change;
if (!t->tx_buf && !t->rx_buf && t->len) {
status = -EINVAL;
break;
}
/* transfer data. the lower level code handles any
* new dma mappings it needs. our caller always gave
* us dma-safe buffers.
*/
if (t->len) {
/* REVISIT dma API still needs a designated
* DMA_ADDR_INVALID; ~0 might be better.
*/
if (!m->is_dma_mapped)
t->rx_dma = t->tx_dma = 0;
status = bitbang->txrx_bufs(spi, t);
}
if (status != t->len) {
if (status > 0)
status = -EMSGSIZE;
break;
}
m->actual_length += status;
status = 0;
/* protocol tweaks before next transfer */
if (t->delay_usecs)
udelay(t->delay_usecs);
if (!cs_change)
continue;
if (t->transfer_list.next == &m->transfers)
break;
/* sometimes a short mid-message deselect of the chip
* may be needed to terminate a mode or command
*/
ndelay(nsecs);
bitbang->chipselect(spi, BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE);
ndelay(nsecs);
}
m->status = status;
m->complete(m->context);
/* restore speed and wordsize */
if (setup_transfer)
setup_transfer(spi, NULL);
/* normally deactivate chipselect ... unless no error and
* cs_change has hinted that the next message will probably
* be for this chip too.
*/
if (!(status == 0 && cs_change)) {
ndelay(nsecs);
bitbang->chipselect(spi, BITBANG_CS_INACTIVE);
ndelay(nsecs);
}
spin_lock_irqsave(&bitbang->lock, flags);
}
bitbang->busy = 0;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bitbang->lock, flags);
}
/**
* spi_bitbang_transfer - default submit to transfer queue
*/
int spi_bitbang_transfer(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *m)
{
struct spi_bitbang *bitbang;
unsigned long flags;
int status = 0;
m->actual_length = 0;
m->status = -EINPROGRESS;
bitbang = spi_master_get_devdata(spi->master);
if (bitbang->shutdown)
return -ESHUTDOWN;
spin_lock_irqsave(&bitbang->lock, flags);
if (!spi->max_speed_hz)
status = -ENETDOWN;
else {
list_add_tail(&m->queue, &bitbang->queue);
queue_work(bitbang->workqueue, &bitbang->work);
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bitbang->lock, flags);
return status;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_transfer);
/*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/**
* spi_bitbang_start - start up a polled/bitbanging SPI master driver
* @bitbang: driver handle
*
* Caller should have zero-initialized all parts of the structure, and then
* provided callbacks for chip selection and I/O loops. If the master has
* a transfer method, its final step should call spi_bitbang_transfer; or,
* that's the default if the transfer routine is not initialized. It should
* also set up the bus number and number of chipselects.
*
* For i/o loops, provide callbacks either per-word (for bitbanging, or for
* hardware that basically exposes a shift register) or per-spi_transfer
* (which takes better advantage of hardware like fifos or DMA engines).
*
* Drivers using per-word I/O loops should use (or call) spi_bitbang_setup and
* spi_bitbang_cleanup to handle those spi master methods. Those methods are
* the defaults if the bitbang->txrx_bufs routine isn't initialized.
*
* This routine registers the spi_master, which will process requests in a
* dedicated task, keeping IRQs unblocked most of the time. To stop
* processing those requests, call spi_bitbang_stop().
*/
int spi_bitbang_start(struct spi_bitbang *bitbang)
{
int status;
if (!bitbang->master || !bitbang->chipselect)
return -EINVAL;
INIT_WORK(&bitbang->work, bitbang_work, bitbang);
spin_lock_init(&bitbang->lock);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bitbang->queue);
if (!bitbang->master->transfer)
bitbang->master->transfer = spi_bitbang_transfer;
if (!bitbang->txrx_bufs) {
bitbang->use_dma = 0;
bitbang->txrx_bufs = spi_bitbang_bufs;
if (!bitbang->master->setup) {
if (!bitbang->setup_transfer)
bitbang->setup_transfer =
spi_bitbang_setup_transfer;
bitbang->master->setup = spi_bitbang_setup;
bitbang->master->cleanup = spi_bitbang_cleanup;
}
} else if (!bitbang->master->setup)
return -EINVAL;
/* this task is the only thing to touch the SPI bits */
bitbang->busy = 0;
bitbang->workqueue = create_singlethread_workqueue(
bitbang->master->cdev.dev->bus_id);
if (bitbang->workqueue == NULL) {
status = -EBUSY;
goto err1;
}
/* driver may get busy before register() returns, especially
* if someone registered boardinfo for devices
*/
status = spi_register_master(bitbang->master);
if (status < 0)
goto err2;
return status;
err2:
destroy_workqueue(bitbang->workqueue);
err1:
return status;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_start);
/**
* spi_bitbang_stop - stops the task providing spi communication
*/
int spi_bitbang_stop(struct spi_bitbang *bitbang)
{
unsigned limit = 500;
spin_lock_irq(&bitbang->lock);
bitbang->shutdown = 0;
while (!list_empty(&bitbang->queue) && limit--) {
spin_unlock_irq(&bitbang->lock);
dev_dbg(bitbang->master->cdev.dev, "wait for queue\n");
msleep(10);
spin_lock_irq(&bitbang->lock);
}
spin_unlock_irq(&bitbang->lock);
if (!list_empty(&bitbang->queue)) {
dev_err(bitbang->master->cdev.dev, "queue didn't empty\n");
return -EBUSY;
}
destroy_workqueue(bitbang->workqueue);
spi_unregister_master(bitbang->master);
return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(spi_bitbang_stop);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
