#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <linux/lguest.h>
#include <asm/lguest_hcall.h>
#include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
#include <asm/thread_info.h>
#include <asm/processor-flags.h>
/*G:020 Our story starts with the kernel booting into startup_32 in
* arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S. It expects a boot header, which is created by
* the bootloader (the Launcher in our case).
*
* The startup_32 function does very little: it clears the uninitialized global
* C variables which we expect to be zero (ie. BSS) and then copies the boot
* header and kernel command line somewhere safe. Finally it checks the
* 'hardware_subarch' field. This was introduced in 2.6.24 for lguest and Xen:
* if it's set to '1' (lguest's assigned number), then it calls us here.
*
* WARNING: be very careful here! We're running at addresses equal to physical
* addesses (around 0), not above PAGE_OFFSET as most code expectes
* (eg. 0xC0000000). Jumps are relative, so they're OK, but we can't touch any
* data without remembering to subtract __PAGE_OFFSET!
*
* The .section line puts this code in .init.text so it will be discarded after
* boot. */
.section .init.text, "ax", @progbits
ENTRY(lguest_entry)
/* We make the "initialization" hypercall now to tell the Host about
* us, and also find out where it put our page tables. */
movl $LHCALL_LGUEST_INIT, %eax
movl $lguest_data - __PAGE_OFFSET, %ebx
.byte 0x0f,0x01,0xc1 /* KVM_HYPERCALL */
/* Set up the initial stack so we can run C code. */
movl $(init_thread_union+THREAD_SIZE),%esp
/* Jumps are relative, and we're running __PAGE_OFFSET too low at the
* moment. */
jmp lguest_init+__PAGE_OFFSET
/*G:055 We create a macro which puts the assembler code between lgstart_ and
* lgend_ markers. These templates are put in the .text section: they can't be
* discarded after boot as we may need to patch modules, too. */
.text
#define LGUEST_PATCH(name, insns...) \
lgstart_##name: insns; lgend_##name:; \
.globl lgstart_##name; .globl lgend_##name
LGUEST_PATCH(cli, movl $0, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled)
LGUEST_PATCH(pushf, movl lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled, %eax)
/*G:033 But using those wrappers is inefficient (we'll see why that doesn't
* matter for save_fl and irq_disable later). If we write our routines
* carefully in assembler, we can avoid clobbering any registers and avoid
* jumping through the wrapper functions.
*
* I skipped over our first piece of assembler, but this one is worth studying
* in a bit more detail so I'll describe in easy stages. First, the routine
* to enable interrupts: */
ENTRY(lg_irq_enable)
/* The reverse of irq_disable, this sets lguest_data.irq_enabled to
* X86_EFLAGS_IF (ie. "Interrupts enabled"). */
movl $X86_EFLAGS_IF, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled
/* But now we need to check if the Host wants to know: there might have
* been interrupts waiting to be delivered, in which case it will have
* set lguest_data.irq_pending to X86_EFLAGS_IF. If it's not zero, we
* jump to send_interrupts, otherwise we're done. */
testl $0, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_pending
jnz send_interrupts
/* One cool thing about x86 is that you can do many things without using
* a register. In this case, the normal path hasn't needed to save or
* restore any registers at all! */
ret
send_interrupts:
/* OK, now we need a register: eax is used for the hypercall number,
* which is LHCALL_SEND_INTERRUPTS.
*
* We used not to bother with this pending detection at all, which was
* much simpler. Sooner or later the Host would realize it had to
* send us an interrupt. But that turns out to make performance 7
* times worse on a simple tcp benchmark. So now we do this the hard
* way. */
pushl %eax
movl $LHCALL_SEND_INTERRUPTS, %eax
/* This is a vmcall instruction (same thing that KVM uses). Older
* assembler versions might not know the "vmcall" instruction, so we
* create one manually here. */
.byte 0x0f,0x01,0xc1 /* KVM_HYPERCALL */
popl %eax
ret
/* Finally, the "popf" or "restore flags" routine. The %eax register holds the
* flags (in practice, either X86_EFLAGS_IF or 0): if it's X86_EFLAGS_IF we're
* enabling interrupts again, if it's 0 we're leaving them off. */
ENTRY(lg_restore_fl)
/* This is just "lguest_data.irq_enabled = flags;" */
movl %eax, lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled
/* Now, if the %eax value has enabled interrupts and
* lguest_data.irq_pending is set, we want to tell the Host so it can
* deliver any outstanding interrupts. Fortunately, both values will
* be X86_EFLAGS_IF (ie. 512) in that case, and the "testl"
* instruction will AND them together for us. If both are set, we
* jump to send_interrupts. */
testl lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_pending, %eax
jnz send_interrupts
/* Again, the normal path has used no extra registers. Clever, huh? */
ret
/* These demark the EIP range where host should never deliver interrupts. */
.global lguest_noirq_start
.global lguest_noirq_end
/*M:004 When the Host reflects a trap or injects an interrupt into the Guest,
* it sets the eflags interrupt bit on the stack based on
* lguest_data.irq_enabled, so the Guest iret logic does the right thing when
* restoring it. However, when the Host sets the Guest up for direct traps,
* such as system calls, the processor is the one to push eflags onto the
* stack, and the interrupt bit will be 1 (in reality, interrupts are always
* enabled in the Guest).
*
* This turns out to be harmless: the only trap which should happen under Linux
* with interrupts disabled is Page Fault (due to our lazy mapping of vmalloc
* regions), which has to be reflected through the Host anyway. If another
* trap *does* go off when interrupts are disabled, the Guest will panic, and
* we'll never get to this iret! :*/
/*G:045 There is one final paravirt_op that the Guest implements, and glancing
* at it you can see why I left it to last. It's *cool*! It's in *assembler*!
*
* The "iret" instruction is used to return from an interrupt or trap. The
* stack looks like this:
* old address
* old code segment & privilege level
* old processor flags ("eflags")
*
* The "iret" instruction pops those values off the stack and restores them all
* at once. The only problem is that eflags includes the Interrupt Flag which
* the Guest can't change: the CPU will simply ignore it when we do an "iret".
* So we have to copy eflags from the stack to lguest_data.irq_enabled before
* we do the "iret".
*
* There are two problems with this: firstly, we need to use a register to do
* the copy and secondly, the whole thing needs to be atomic. The first
* problem is easy to solve: push %eax on the stack so we can use it, and then
* restore it at the end just before the real "iret".
*
* The second is harder: copying eflags to lguest_data.irq_enabled will turn
* interrupts on before we're finished, so we could be interrupted before we
* return to userspace or wherever. Our solution to this is to surround the
* code with lguest_noirq_start: and lguest_noirq_end: labels. We tell the
* Host that it is *never* to interrupt us there, even if interrupts seem to be
* enabled. */
ENTRY(lguest_iret)
pushl %eax
movl 12(%esp), %eax
lguest_noirq_start:
/* Note the %ss: segment prefix here. Normal data accesses use the
* "ds" segment, but that will have already been restored for whatever
* we're returning to (such as userspace): we can't trust it. The %ss:
* prefix makes sure we use the stack segment, which is still valid. */
movl %eax,%ss:lguest_data+LGUEST_DATA_irq_enabled
popl %eax
iret
lguest_noirq_end:
