#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <asm/alternative.h>
#include <asm/sections.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/mce.h>
#include <asm/nmi.h>
#define MAX_PATCH_LEN (255-1)
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
static int smp_alt_once;
static int __init bootonly(char *str)
{
smp_alt_once = 1;
return 1;
}
__setup("smp-alt-boot", bootonly);
#else
#define smp_alt_once 1
#endif
static int debug_alternative;
static int __init debug_alt(char *str)
{
debug_alternative = 1;
return 1;
}
__setup("debug-alternative", debug_alt);
static int noreplace_smp;
static int __init setup_noreplace_smp(char *str)
{
noreplace_smp = 1;
return 1;
}
__setup("noreplace-smp", setup_noreplace_smp);
#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
static int noreplace_paravirt = 0;
static int __init setup_noreplace_paravirt(char *str)
{
noreplace_paravirt = 1;
return 1;
}
__setup("noreplace-paravirt", setup_noreplace_paravirt);
#endif
#define DPRINTK(fmt, args...) if (debug_alternative) \
printk(KERN_DEBUG fmt, args)
#ifdef GENERIC_NOP1
/* Use inline assembly to define this because the nops are defined
as inline assembly strings in the include files and we cannot
get them easily into strings. */
asm("\t.data\nintelnops: "
GENERIC_NOP1 GENERIC_NOP2 GENERIC_NOP3 GENERIC_NOP4 GENERIC_NOP5 GENERIC_NOP6
GENERIC_NOP7 GENERIC_NOP8);
extern unsigned char intelnops[];
static unsigned char *intel_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = {
NULL,
intelnops,
intelnops + 1,
intelnops + 1 + 2,
intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3,
intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4,
intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5,
intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6,
intelnops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7,
};
#endif
#ifdef K8_NOP1
asm("\t.data\nk8nops: "
K8_NOP1 K8_NOP2 K8_NOP3 K8_NOP4 K8_NOP5 K8_NOP6
K8_NOP7 K8_NOP8);
extern unsigned char k8nops[];
static unsigned char *k8_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = {
NULL,
k8nops,
k8nops + 1,
k8nops + 1 + 2,
k8nops + 1 + 2 + 3,
k8nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4,
k8nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5,
k8nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6,
k8nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7,
};
#endif
#ifdef K7_NOP1
asm("\t.data\nk7nops: "
K7_NOP1 K7_NOP2 K7_NOP3 K7_NOP4 K7_NOP5 K7_NOP6
K7_NOP7 K7_NOP8);
extern unsigned char k7nops[];
static unsigned char *k7_nops[ASM_NOP_MAX+1] = {
NULL,
k7nops,
k7nops + 1,
k7nops + 1 + 2,
k7nops + 1 + 2 + 3,
k7nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4,
k7nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5,
k7nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6,
k7nops + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7,
};
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
extern char __vsyscall_0;
static inline unsigned char** find_nop_table(void)
{
return k8_nops;
}
#else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
static struct nop {
int cpuid;
unsigned char **noptable;
} noptypes[] = {
{ X86_FEATURE_K8, k8_nops },
{ X86_FEATURE_K7, k7_nops },
{ -1, NULL }
};
static unsigned char** find_nop_table(void)
{
unsigned char **noptable = intel_nops;
int i;
for (i = 0; noptypes[i].cpuid >= 0; i++) {
if (boot_cpu_has(noptypes[i].cpuid)) {
noptable = noptypes[i].noptable;
break;
}
}
return noptable;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
/* Use this to add nops to a buffer, then text_poke the whole buffer. */
static void add_nops(void *insns, unsigned int len)
{
unsigned char **noptable = find_nop_table();
while (len > 0) {
unsigned int noplen = len;
if (noplen > ASM_NOP_MAX)
noplen = ASM_NOP_MAX;
memcpy(insns, noptable[noplen], noplen);
insns += noplen;
len -= noplen;
}
}
extern struct alt_instr __alt_instructions[], __alt_instructions_end[];
extern u8 *__smp_locks[], *__smp_locks_end[];
/* Replace instructions with better alternatives for this CPU type.
This runs before SMP is initialized to avoid SMP problems with
self modifying code. This implies that assymetric systems where
APs have less capabilities than the boot processor are not handled.
Tough. Make sure you disable such features by hand. */
void apply_alternatives(struct alt_instr *start, struct alt_instr *end)
{
struct alt_instr *a;
char insnbuf[MAX_PATCH_LEN];
DPRINTK("%s: alt table %p -> %p\n", __FUNCTION__, start, end);
for (a = start; a < end; a++) {
u8 *instr = a->instr;
BUG_ON(a->replacementlen > a->instrlen);
BUG_ON(a->instrlen > sizeof(insnbuf));
if (!boot_cpu_has(a->cpuid))
continue;
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
/* vsyscall code is not mapped yet. resolve it manually. */
if (instr >= (u8 *)VSYSCALL_START && instr < (u8*)VSYSCALL_END) {
instr = __va(instr - (u8*)VSYSCALL_START + (u8*)__pa_symbol(&__vsyscall_0));
DPRINTK("%s: vsyscall fixup: %p => %p\n",
__FUNCTION__, a->instr, instr);
}
#endif
memcpy(insnbuf, a->replacement, a->replacementlen);
add_nops(insnbuf + a->replacementlen,
a->instrlen - a->replacementlen);
text_poke(instr, insnbuf, a->instrlen);
}
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
static void alternatives_smp_lock(u8 **start, u8 **end, u8 *text, u8 *text_end)
{
u8 **ptr;
for (ptr = start; ptr < end; ptr++) {
if (*ptr < text)
continue;
if (*ptr > text_end)
continue;
text_poke(*ptr, ((unsigned char []){0xf0}), 1); /* add lock prefix */
};
}
static void alternatives_smp_unlock(u8 **start, u8 **end, u8 *text, u8 *text_end)
{
u8 **ptr;
char insn[1];
if (noreplace_smp)
return;
add_nops(insn, 1);
for (ptr = start; ptr < end; ptr++) {
if (*ptr < text)
continue;
if (*ptr > text_end)
continue;
text_poke(*ptr, insn, 1);
};
}
struct smp_alt_module {
/* what is this ??? */
struct module *mod;
char *name;
/* ptrs to lock prefixes */
u8 **locks;
u8 **locks_end;
/* .text segment, needed to avoid patching init code ;) */
u8 *text;
u8 *text_end;
struct list_head next;
};
static LIST_HEAD(smp_alt_modules);
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(smp_alt);
void alternatives_smp_module_add(struct module *mod, char *name,
void *locks, void *locks_end,
void *text, void *text_end)
{
struct smp_alt_module *smp;
unsigned long flags;
if (noreplace_smp)
return;
if (smp_alt_once) {
if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_UP))
alternatives_smp_unlock(locks, locks_end,
text, text_end);
return;
}
smp = kzalloc(sizeof(*smp), GFP_KERNEL);
if (NULL == smp)
return; /* we'll run the (safe but slow) SMP code then ... */
smp->mod = mod;
smp->name = name;
smp->locks = locks;
smp->locks_end = locks_end;
smp->text = text;
smp->text_end = text_end;
DPRINTK("%s: locks %p -> %p, text %p -> %p, name %s\n",
__FUNCTION__, smp->locks, smp->locks_end,
smp->text, smp->text_end, smp->name);
spin_lock_irqsave(&smp_alt, flags);
list_add_tail(&smp->next, &smp_alt_modules);
if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_UP))
alternatives_smp_unlock(smp->locks, smp->locks_end,
smp->text, smp->text_end);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&smp_alt, flags);
}
void alternatives_smp_module_del(struct module *mod)
{
struct smp_alt_module *item;
unsigned long flags;
if (smp_alt_once || noreplace_smp)
return;
spin_lock_irqsave(&smp_alt, flags);
list_for_each_entry(item, &smp_alt_modules, next) {
if (mod != item->mod)
continue;
list_del(&item->next);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&smp_alt, flags);
DPRINTK("%s: %s\n", __FUNCTION__, item->name);
kfree(item);
return;
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&smp_alt, flags);
}
void alternatives_smp_switch(int smp)
{
struct smp_alt_module *mod;
unsigned long flags;
#ifdef CONFIG_LOCKDEP
/*
* A not yet fixed binutils section handling bug prevents
* alternatives-replacement from working reliably, so turn
* it off:
*/
printk("lockdep: not fixing up alternatives.\n");
return;
#endif
if (noreplace_smp || smp_alt_once)
return;
BUG_ON(!smp && (num_online_cpus() > 1));
spin_lock_irqsave(&smp_alt, flags);
if (smp) {
printk(KERN_INFO "SMP alternatives: switching to SMP code\n");
clear_bit(X86_FEATURE_UP, boot_cpu_data.x86_capability);
clear_bit(X86_FEATURE_UP, cpu_data[0].x86_capability);
list_for_each_entry(mod, &smp_alt_modules, next)
alternatives_smp_lock(mod->locks, mod->locks_end,
mod->text, mod->text_end);
} else {
printk(KERN_INFO "SMP alternatives: switching to UP code\n");
set_bit(X86_FEATURE_UP, boot_cpu_data.x86_capability);
set_bit(X86_FEATURE_UP, cpu_data[0].x86_capability);
list_for_each_entry(mod, &smp_alt_modules, next)
alternatives_smp_unlock(mod->locks, mod->locks_end,
mod->text, mod->text_end);
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&smp_alt, flags);
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
void apply_paravirt(struct paravirt_patch_site *start,
struct paravirt_patch_site *end)
{
struct paravirt_patch_site *p;
char insnbuf[MAX_PATCH_LEN];
if (noreplace_paravirt)
return;
for (p = start; p < end; p++) {
unsigned int used;
BUG_ON(p->len > MAX_PATCH_LEN);
/* prep the buffer with the original instructions */
memcpy(insnbuf, p->instr, p->len);
used = paravirt_ops.patch(p->instrtype, p->clobbers, insnbuf,
(unsigned long)p->instr, p->len);
BUG_ON(used > p->len);
/* Pad the rest with nops */
add_nops(insnbuf + used, p->len - used);
text_poke(p->instr, insnbuf, p->len);
}
}
extern struct paravirt_patch_site __start_parainstructions[],
__stop_parainstructions[];
#endif /* CONFIG_PARAVIRT */
void __init alternative_instructions(void)
{
unsigned long flags;
/* The patching is not fully atomic, so try to avoid local interruptions
that might execute the to be patched code.
Other CPUs are not running. */
stop_nmi();
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE
stop_mce();
#endif
local_irq_save(flags);
apply_alternatives(__alt_instructions, __alt_instructions_end);
/* switch to patch-once-at-boottime-only mode and free the
* tables in case we know the number of CPUs will never ever
* change */
#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
if (num_possible_cpus() < 2)
smp_alt_once = 1;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
if (smp_alt_once) {
if (1 == num_possible_cpus()) {
printk(KERN_INFO "SMP alternatives: switching to UP code\n");
set_bit(X86_FEATURE_UP, boot_cpu_data.x86_capability);
set_bit(X86_FEATURE_UP, cpu_data[0].x86_capability);
alternatives_smp_unlock(__smp_locks, __smp_locks_end,
_text, _etext);
}
free_init_pages("SMP alternatives",
(unsigned long)__smp_locks,
(unsigned long)__smp_locks_end);
} else {
alternatives_smp_module_add(NULL, "core kernel",
__smp_locks, __smp_locks_end,
_text, _etext);
alternatives_smp_switch(0);
}
#endif
apply_paravirt(__parainstructions, __parainstructions_end);
local_irq_restore(flags);
restart_nmi();
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_MCE
restart_mce();
#endif
}
/*
* Warning:
* When you use this code to patch more than one byte of an instruction
* you need to make sure that other CPUs cannot execute this code in parallel.
* Also no thread must be currently preempted in the middle of these instructions.
* And on the local CPU you need to be protected again NMI or MCE handlers
* seeing an inconsistent instruction while you patch.
*/
void __kprobes text_poke(void *addr, unsigned char *opcode, int len)
{
memcpy(addr, opcode, len);
sync_core();
/* Could also do a CLFLUSH here to speed up CPU recovery; but
that causes hangs on some VIA CPUs. */
}
