From a7fe49bf01dd64b3c73ad0e172f68bd03c813d65 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Takashi Iwai Date: Wed, 3 Dec 2008 18:26:35 +0100 Subject: ALSA: Add more documentation about HD-audio driver The file can be converted to PDF via asciidoc. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai --- Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt | 535 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 535 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt (limited to 'Documentation/sound/alsa') diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..e758f24017b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt @@ -0,0 +1,535 @@ +MORE NOTES ON HD-AUDIO DRIVER +============================= + Takashi Iwai + + +GENERAL +------- + +HD-audio is the new standard on-board audio component on modern PCs +after AC97. Although Linux has been supporting HD-audio since long +time ago, there are often problems with new machines. A part of the +problem is broken BIOS, and rest is the driver implementation. This +document explains the trouble-shooting and debugging methods for the +HD-audio hardware. + +The HD-audio component consists of two parts: the controller chip and +the codec chips on the HD-audio bus. Linux provides a single driver +for all controllers, snd-hda-intel. Since the HD-audio controllers +are supposed to be compatible, the single snd-hda-driver should work +in most cases. But, not surprisingly, there are known bugs and issues +specific to each controller type. The snd-hda-intel driver has a +bunch of workarounds for these as described below. + +A controller may have multiple codecs. Usually you have one audio +codec and optionally one modem codec. In some cases, there can be +multiple audio codecs, e.g. for analog and digital outputs, but the +driver might not work properly. + +The snd-hda-intel driver has several different codec parsers depending +on the codec. It has a generic parser as a fallback, but this +functionality is fairly limited until now. Instead of the generic +parser, usually the codec-specific parser (coded in patch_*.c) is used +for the codec-specific implementations. The details about the +codec-specific problems are explained in the later sections. + +If you are interested in the deep debugging of HD-audio, read the +HD-audio specification at first. The specification is found on +Intel's web page, for example: + +- http://www.intel.com/standards/hdaudio/ + + +HD-AUDIO CONTROLLER +------------------- + +DMA-Position Problem +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The most common problem of the controller is the inaccurate DMA +pointer reporting. The DMA pointer for playback and capture can be +read in two ways, either via a LPIB register or via a position-buffer +map. As default the driver tries to reads from the io-mapped +position-buffer, and falls back to LPIB if it appears unupdated. +However, this detection isn't perfect on some devices. In such a +case, you can change the default method via `position_fix` option. + +`position_fix=1` means to use LPIB method explicitly. +`position_fix=2` means to use the position-buffer. 0 is the default +value, the automatic check. If you get a problem of repeated sounds, +this option might help. + +In addition to that, every controller is known to be broken regarding +the wake-up timing. It wakes up a few samples before actually +processing the data on the buffer. This caused a lot of problems, for +example, with ALSA dmix or JACK. Since 2.6.27 kernel, the driver puts +an artificial delay to the wake up timing. This delay is controlled +via `bdl_pos_adj` option. + +When `bdl_pos_adj` is a negative value (as default), it's assigned to +an appropriate value depending on the controller chip. For Intel +chip, it'd be 1 while it'd be 32 for others. Usually this works. +Only in case it doesn't work and you get warning messages, you should +change to other values. + + +Codec-Probing Problem +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +A less often but a more severe problem is the codec probing. When +BIOS reports the available codec slots wrongly, the driver gets +confused and tries to access the non-existing codec slot. This often +results in the total screw-up, and destruct the further communication +with the codec chips. The symptom appears usually as the error +message like: +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + hda_intel: azx_get_response timeout, switching to polling mode: \ + last cmd=0x12345678 + hda_intel: azx_get_response timeout, switching to single_cmd mode: \ + last cmd=0x12345678 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +The first line is a warning, and this is usually relatively harmless. +It means that the codec response isn't notified via an IRQ. The +driver uses explicit polling method to read the response. It gives +very slight CPU overhead, but you'd unlikely notice it. + +The second line is, however, a fatal error. If this happens, usually +it means that something is really wrong. Most likely you are +accessing a non-existing codec slot. + +Thus, if the second error message appears, try to narrow the probed +codec slots via `probe_mask` option. It's a bitmask, and each bit +corresponding to the codec slot. For example, to probe only the +first slot, pass `probe_mask=1`. For the first and the third slots, +pass `probe_mask=5` (where 5 = 1 | 4), and so on. + +Since 2.6.29 kernel, the driver has a more robust probing method, so +this error might happen rarely, though. + + +Interrupt Handling +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +In rare but some cases, the interrupt isn't properly handled as +default. You would notice this by the DMA transfer error reported by +ALSA PCM core, for example. Using MSI might help in such a case. +Pass `enable_msi=1` option for enabling MSI. + + +HD-AUDIO CODEC +-------------- + +Model Option +~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The most common problems with the HD-audio driver is the unsupported +codec features or the mismatched device configuration. Most of +codec-specific code has several preset models, either to override the +BIOS setup or to provide more comprehensive features. + +The driver checks PCI SSID and looks through the static configuration +table until any matching entry is found. If you have a new machine, +you may see a message like below: +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + hda_codec: Unknown model for ALC880, trying auto-probe from BIOS... +------------------------------------------------------------------------ +Even if you such a message, DON'T PANIC. Take a deep breath (and keep +your towel). First of all, it's an informational message, no warning, +no error. This means that the PCI SSID of your device isn't listed in +the known preset model list. But, this doesn't mean that the driver +is broken. Many codec-driver provides the automatic configuration +based on the BIOS setup. + +The HD-audio codec has usually "pin" widgets, and BIOS sets the default +configuration of each pin, which indicates the location, the +connection type, the jack color, etc. The HD-audio driver can guess +the right connection judging from these default configuration values. +However -- some codec support codes, such as patch_analog.c, don't +support the automatic probing (yet as of 2.6.28). And, BIOS is often, +yes, pretty often broken. It sets up wrong values and screws up the +driver. + +The preset model is provided basically to override such a situation. +When the matching preset model is found in the list, the driver +assumes the static configuration of that preset and builds the mixer +and PCM based on the static information. Thus, if you have a newer +machine with a slightly different PCI SSID from the existing one, you +may have a good chance to re-use the same model. You can pass the +`model` option to specify the preset model instead of PCI SSID +look-up. + +What `model` option values are available depends on the codec chip. +Check your codec chip from the codec proc file (see "Codec Proc-File" +section below). It will show the vendor/product name of your codec +chip. Then, see Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt file. +In the section of HD-audio driver, you can find a list of codecs and +`model` options belonging to each codec. For example, for Realtek +ALC262 codec chip, pass `model=ultra` for devices that are compatible +with Samsung Q1 Ultra. + +Thus, the first thing you can do for any brand-new, unsupported +HD-audio hardware is to check HD-audio codec and several different +`model` option values. If you have a luck, some of them might suit +with your device well. + +Some codecs such as ALC880 have a special model option `model=test`. +This configures the driver to provide as many mixer controls as +possible for every single pin feature except for the unsolicited +events (and maybe some other specials). Adjust each mixer element and +try the I/O in the way of trial-and-error until figuring out the whole +I/O pin mappings. + +Note that `model=generic` has a special meaning. It means to use the +generic parser regardless of the codec. Usually the codec-specific +parser is much better than the generic parser (as now). Thus this +option is more about the debugging purpose. + + +Speaker and Headphone Output +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +One of the most frequent (and obvious) bugs with HD-audio is the +silent output from either or both of a built-in speaker and a +headphone jack. In general, you should try a headphone output at +first. A speaker output often requires more additional controls like +the amplifier. Thus a headphone output has a slightly better chance. + +Before making a bug report, double-check whether the mixer is set up +correctly. The recent version of snd-hda-intel driver provides mostly +"Master" volume control as well as "Front" volume. In addition, there +are individual "Headphone" and "Speaker" controls. + +Ditto for the speaker output. There can be "External Amplifier" +switch on some codecs. Turn on this if present. + +Another related problem is the automatic mute of speaker output by +headphone plugging. This feature is implemented in most cases, but +not on every preset model or codec-support code. + +In anyway, try a different model option if you have such a problem. +Some other models may match better and give you more matching +functionality. If none of the available models works, send a bug +report. See the bug report section for details. + +If you are masochistic enough to debug the driver problem, note the +following: + +- The speaker (and the headphone, too) output often requires the + external amplifier. This can be set usually via EAPD verb or a + certain GPIO. If the codec pin supports EAPD, you have a better + chance via SET_EAPD_BTL verb (0x70c). On others, GPIO pin (mostly + it's either GPIO0 or GPIO1) can turn on/off EAPD. +- Some Realtek codecs require special vendor-specific coefficients to + turn on the amplifier. See patch_realtek.c. +- IDT codecs may have extra power-enable/disable controls on each + analog pin. See patch_sigmatel.c. +- Very rare but some devices don't accept the pin-detection verb until + triggered. Issuing GET_PIN_SENSE verb (0xf09) may result in the + codec-communication stall. Some examples are found in + patch_realtek.c. + + +Capture Problems +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The capture problems are often missing setups of mixers. Thus, before +submitting a bug report, make sure that you set up the mixer +correctly. For example, both "Capture Volume" and "Capture Switch" +have to be set properly in addition to the right "Capture Source" or +"Input Source" selection. Some devices have "Mic Boost" volume or +switch. + +When the PCM device is opened via "default" PCM (without pulse-audio +plugin), you'll likely have "Digital Capture Volume" control as well. +This is provided for the extra gain/attenuation of the signal in +software, especially for the inputs without the hardware volume +control such as digital microphones. Unless really needed, this +should be set to exactly 50%, corresponding to 0dB. When you use "hw" +PCM, i.e., a raw access PCM, this control will have no influence, +though. + +It's known that some codecs / devices have fairly bad analog circuits, +and the recorded sound contains a certain DC-offset. This is no bug +of the driver. + +Most of modern laptops have no analog CD-input connection. Thus, the +recording from CD input won't work in many cases although the driver +provides it as the capture source. + +The automatic switching of the built-in and external mic per plugging +is implemented on some codec models but not on every model. Partly +because of my laziness but mostly lack of testers. Feel free to +submit the improvement patch to the author. + + +Direct Debugging +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +If no model option gives you a better result, and you are a touch guy +to fight again the evil, try debugging via hitting the raw HD-audio +codec verbs to the device. Some tools are available: hda-emu and +hda-analyzer. The detailed description is found in the sections +below. You'd need to enable hwdep for using these tools. See "Kernel +Configuration". + + +OTHER ISSUES +------------ + +Kernel Configuration +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +In general, I recommend you to enable the sound debug option, +`CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y`, no matter whether you are debugging or not. +This enables snd_printd() macro and others, and you'll get additional +kernel messages at probing. + +In addition, you can enable `CONFIG_SND_DEBUG_VERBOSE=y`. But this +will give you far more messages. Thus turn this on only when you are +sure to want it. + +Don't forget to turn on the appropriate `CONFIG_SND_HDA_CODEC_*` +options. Note that each of them corresponds to the codec chip, not +the controller chip. Thus, even if lspci shows the Nvidia controller, +you may choose the option for other vendors. If you are unsure, just +choose all yes. + +`CONFIG_SND_HDA_HWDEP` is a useful option for debugging the driver. +When this is enabled, the driver creates hardware-dependent devices +(one per each codec), and you have a raw access to the device via +hda-verb program. For example, `hwC0D2` will be created for the card +0 codec slot #2. For debug tools such as hda-verb and hda-analyzer, +the hwdep device has to be enabled. Thus, turn this on always. + +`CONFIG_SND_HDA_RECONFIG` is a new option, and this depends on the +hwdep option above. When enabled, you'll have some sysfs files under +the corresponding hwdep directory. See "HD-audio reconfiguration" +section below. + +`CONFIG_SND_HDA_POWER_SAVE` option enables the power-saving feature. +See "Power-saving" section below. + + +Codec Proc-File +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The codec proc-file is a treasure-chest for debugging HD-audio. +It shows most of useful information of each codec widget. + +The proc file is located in /proc/asound/card*/codec#*, one file per +each codec slot. You can know the codec vendor, product id and +names, the type of each widget, capabilities and so on. +This file, however, doesn't show the jack sensing state, so far. This +is because the jack-sensing might be depending on the trigger state. + +This file will be picked up by the debug tools, and also it can be fed +to the emulator as the primary codec information. See the debug tools +section below. + +This proc file can be also used to check whether the generic parser is +used. When the generic parser is used, the vendor/product ID name +will appear as "Realtek ID 0262", instead of "Realtek ALC262". + + +HD-Audio Reconfiguration +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +This is an experimental feature to allow you re-configure the HD-audio +codec dynamically without reloading the driver. The following sysfs +files are available under each codec-hwdep device directory (e.g. +/sys/class/sound/hwC0D0): + +vendor_id:: + Shows the 32bit codec vendor-id hex number. You can change the + vendor-id value by writing to this file. +subsystem_id:: + Shows the 32bit codec subsystem-id hex number. You can change the + subsystem-id value by writing to this file. +revision_id:: + Shows the 32bit codec revision-id hex number. You can change the + revision-id value by writing to this file. +afg:: + Shows the AFG ID. This is read-only. +mfg:: + Shows the MFG ID. This is read-only. +name:: + Shows the codec name string. Can be changed by writing to this + file. +modelname:: + Shows the currently set `model` option. Can be changed by writing + to this file. +init_verbs:: + The extra verbs to execute at initialization. You can add a verb by + writing to this file. Pass tree numbers, nid, verb and parameter. +hints:: + Shows hint strings for codec parsers for any use. Right now it's + not used. +reconfig:: + Triggers the codec re-configuration. When any value is written to + this file, the driver re-initialize and parses the codec tree + again. All the changes done by the sysfs entries above are taken + into account. +clear:: + Resets the codec, removes the mixer elements and PCM stuff of the + specified codec, and clear all init verbs and hints. + + +Power-Saving +~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The power-saving is a kind of auto-suspend of the device. When the +device is inactive for a certain time, the device is automatically +turned off to save the power. The time to go down is specified via +`power_save` module option, and this option can be changed dynamically +via sysfs. + +The power-saving won't work when the analog loopback is enabled on +some codecs. Make sure that you mute all unneeded signal routes when +you want the power-saving. + +The power-saving feature might cause audible click noises at each +power-down/up depending on the device. Some of them might be +solvable, but some are hard, I'm afraid. Some distros such as +openSUSE enables the power-saving feature automatically when the power +cable is unplugged. Thus, if you hear noises, suspect first the +power-saving. See /sys/modules/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save to +check the current value. If it's non-zero, the feature is turned on. + + +Sending a Bug Report +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +If any model or module options don't work for your device, it's time +to send a bug report to the developers. Give the following in your +bug report: + +- Hardware vendor, product and model names +- Kernel version (and ALSA-driver version if you built externally) +- `alsa-info.sh` output; run with `--no-upload` option. See the + section below about alsa-info + +If it's a regression, at best, send alsa-info outputs of both working +and non-working kernels. This is really helpful because we can +compare the codec registers directly. + +Send a bug report either the followings: + +kernel-bugzilla:: + http://bugme.linux-foundation.org/ +alsa-devel ML:: + alsa-devel@alsa-project.org + + +DEBUG TOOLS +----------- + +This section describes some tools available for debugging HD-audio +problems. + +alsa-info +~~~~~~~~~ +The script `alsa-info.sh` is a very useful tool to gather the audio +device information. You can fetch the latest version from: + +- http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh + +Run this script as root, and it will gather the important information +such as the module lists, module parameters, proc file contents +including the codec proc files, mixer outputs and the control +elements. As default, it will store the information onto a web server +on alsa-project.org. But, if you send a bug report, it'd be better to +run with `--no-upload` option, and attach the generated file. + +There are some other useful options. See `--help` option output for +details. + + +hda-verb +~~~~~~~~ +hda-verb is a tiny program that allows you to access the HD-audio +codec directly. It executes a HD-audio codec verb directly. +This program accesses the hwdep device, thus you need to enable the +kernel config `CONFIG_SND_HDA_HWDEP=y` beforehand. + +The hda-verb program takes four arguments: the hwdep device file, the +widget NID, the verb and the parameter. When you access to the codec +on the slot 2 of the card 0, pass /dev/snd/hwC0D2 to the first +argument, typically. (However, the real path name depends on the +system.) + +The second parameter is the widget number-id to access. The third +parameter can be either a hex/digit number or a string corresponding +to a verb. Similarly, the last parameter is the value to write, or +can be a string for the parameter type. + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + % hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x12 0x701 2 + nid = 0x12, verb = 0x701, param = 0x2 + value = 0x0 + + % hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 0x0 PARAMETERS VENDOR_ID + nid = 0x0, verb = 0xf00, param = 0x0 + value = 0x10ec0262 + + % hda-verb /dev/snd/hwC0D0 2 set_a 0xb080 + nid = 0x2, verb = 0x300, param = 0xb080 + value = 0x0 +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Although you can issue any verbs with this program, the driver state +won't be always updated. For example, the volume values are usually +cached in the driver, and thus changing the widget amp value directly +via hda-verb won't change the mixer value. + +The hda-verb program is found in the ftp directory: + +- ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tiwai/misc/ + +Also a git repository is available: + +- git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/hda-verb.git + +See README file in the tarball for more details about hda-verb +program. + + +hda-analyzer +~~~~~~~~~~~~ +hda-analyzer provides a graphical interface to access the raw HD-audio +control, based on pyGTK2 binding. It's a more powerful version of +hda-verb. The program gives you a easy-to-use GUI stuff for showing +the widget information and adjusting the amp values, as well as the +proc-compatible output. + +The hda-analyzer is a part of alsa.git repository in +alsa-project.org: + +- http://git.alsa-project.org/?p=alsa.git;a=tree;f=hda-analyzer + + +hda-emu +~~~~~~~ +hda-emu is a HD-audio emulator. The main purpose of this program is +to debug an HD-audio codec without the real hardware. Thus, it +doesn't emulate the behavior with the real audio I/O, but it just +dumps the codec register changes and the ALSA-driver internal changes +at probing and operating the HD-audio driver. + +The program requires a codec proc-file to simulate. Get a proc file +for the target codec beforehand, or pick up an example codec from the +codec proc collections in the tarball. Then, run the program with the +proc file, and the hda-emu program will start parsing the codec file +and simulates the HD-audio driver: + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + % hda-emu codecs/stac9200-dell-d820-laptop + # Parsing.. + hda_codec: Unknown model for STAC9200, using BIOS defaults + hda_codec: pin nid 08 bios pin config 40c003fa + .... +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + +The program gives you only a very dumb command-line interface. You +can get a proc-file dump at the current state, get a list of control +(mixer) elements, set/get the control element value, simulate the PCM +operation, the jack plugging simulation, etc. + +The package is found in: + +- ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tiwai/misc/ + +A git repository is available: + +- git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/hda-emu.git + +See README file in the tarball for more details about hda-emu +program. -- cgit v1.2.2 From 4e7c4d7b6d980264194c2aecbbb1e1e4c7302b63 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Takashi Iwai Date: Thu, 4 Dec 2008 10:25:37 +0100 Subject: ALSA: hda - Add reference to HD-Audio.txt in ALSA-Configuration.txt Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai --- Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) (limited to 'Documentation/sound/alsa') diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt index 3cd2ad95817..3f2bdd533c3 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt @@ -778,6 +778,8 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. specify a certain model in such a case. There are different models depending on the codec chip. + See Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt for some details. + Model name Description ---------- ----------- ALC880 -- cgit v1.2.2 From 30bc4481de890e97dc001ee123761d89638cbc50 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Takashi Iwai Date: Tue, 9 Dec 2008 08:23:45 +0100 Subject: ALSA: Updates about bug-reporting in ALSA-Configuration.txt Updated the information about bug-reporting for HD-audio. Mentioned alsa-info.sh and kernel bugzilla. Removed ALSA BTS address not to flood the unhandled reports any more. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai --- Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt | 11 +++++++---- 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) (limited to 'Documentation/sound/alsa') diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt index 3f2bdd533c3..1c7334a3054 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt @@ -1091,8 +1091,8 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. "codec-patch". It's sometimes good for testing and debugging. If the default configuration doesn't work and one of the above - matches with your device, report it together with the PCI - subsystem ID (output of "lspci -nv") to ALSA BTS or alsa-devel + matches with your device, report it together with alsa-info.sh + output (with --no-upload option) to kernel bugzilla or alsa-devel ML (see the section "Links and Addresses"). power_save and power_save_controller options are for power-saving @@ -2409,8 +2409,11 @@ Links and Addresses ALSA project homepage http://www.alsa-project.org - ALSA Bug Tracking System - https://bugtrack.alsa-project.org/bugs/ + Kernel Bugzilla + http://bugzilla.kernel.org/ ALSA Developers ML mailto:alsa-devel@alsa-project.org + + alsa-info.sh script + http://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-info.sh -- cgit v1.2.2 From d2afbe78a2922929ad44882d3583d938b9949a30 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Takashi Iwai Date: Wed, 10 Dec 2008 09:28:15 +0100 Subject: ALSA: hda - Update documentation Minor typo-fixes and improvements on HD-Audio.txt. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai --- Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt | 159 ++++++++++++++++++---------------- 1 file changed, 83 insertions(+), 76 deletions(-) (limited to 'Documentation/sound/alsa') diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt index e758f24017b..ca8187de52d 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt @@ -9,22 +9,25 @@ GENERAL HD-audio is the new standard on-board audio component on modern PCs after AC97. Although Linux has been supporting HD-audio since long time ago, there are often problems with new machines. A part of the -problem is broken BIOS, and rest is the driver implementation. This -document explains the trouble-shooting and debugging methods for the -HD-audio hardware. +problem is broken BIOS, and the rest is the driver implementation. +This document explains the brief trouble-shooting and debugging +methods for the HD-audio hardware. The HD-audio component consists of two parts: the controller chip and the codec chips on the HD-audio bus. Linux provides a single driver -for all controllers, snd-hda-intel. Since the HD-audio controllers -are supposed to be compatible, the single snd-hda-driver should work -in most cases. But, not surprisingly, there are known bugs and issues -specific to each controller type. The snd-hda-intel driver has a -bunch of workarounds for these as described below. +for all controllers, snd-hda-intel. Although the driver name contains +a word of a well-known harware vendor, it's not specific to it but for +all controller chips by other companies. Since the HD-audio +controllers are supposed to be compatible, the single snd-hda-driver +should work in most cases. But, not surprisingly, there are known +bugs and issues specific to each controller type. The snd-hda-intel +driver has a bunch of workarounds for these as described below. A controller may have multiple codecs. Usually you have one audio -codec and optionally one modem codec. In some cases, there can be -multiple audio codecs, e.g. for analog and digital outputs, but the -driver might not work properly. +codec and optionally one modem codec. In theory, there might be +multiple audio codecs, e.g. for analog and digital outputs, and the +driver might not work properly because of conflict of mixer elements. +This should be fixed in future if such hardware really exists. The snd-hda-intel driver has several different codec parsers depending on the codec. It has a generic parser as a fallback, but this @@ -48,15 +51,16 @@ DMA-Position Problem The most common problem of the controller is the inaccurate DMA pointer reporting. The DMA pointer for playback and capture can be read in two ways, either via a LPIB register or via a position-buffer -map. As default the driver tries to reads from the io-mapped -position-buffer, and falls back to LPIB if it appears unupdated. -However, this detection isn't perfect on some devices. In such a -case, you can change the default method via `position_fix` option. +map. As default the driver tries to read from the io-mapped +position-buffer, and falls back to LPIB if the position-buffer appears +dead. However, this detection isn't perfect on some devices. In such +a case, you can change the default method via `position_fix` option. `position_fix=1` means to use LPIB method explicitly. `position_fix=2` means to use the position-buffer. 0 is the default -value, the automatic check. If you get a problem of repeated sounds, -this option might help. +value, the automatic check and fallback to LPIB as described in the +above. If you get a problem of repeated sounds, this option might +help. In addition to that, every controller is known to be broken regarding the wake-up timing. It wakes up a few samples before actually @@ -67,9 +71,9 @@ via `bdl_pos_adj` option. When `bdl_pos_adj` is a negative value (as default), it's assigned to an appropriate value depending on the controller chip. For Intel -chip, it'd be 1 while it'd be 32 for others. Usually this works. +chips, it'd be 1 while it'd be 32 for others. Usually this works. Only in case it doesn't work and you get warning messages, you should -change to other values. +change this parameter to other values. Codec-Probing Problem @@ -77,13 +81,13 @@ Codec-Probing Problem A less often but a more severe problem is the codec probing. When BIOS reports the available codec slots wrongly, the driver gets confused and tries to access the non-existing codec slot. This often -results in the total screw-up, and destruct the further communication -with the codec chips. The symptom appears usually as the error -message like: +results in the total screw-up, and destructs the further communication +with the codec chips. The symptom appears usually as error messages +like: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ - hda_intel: azx_get_response timeout, switching to polling mode: \ + hda_intel: azx_get_response timeout, switching to polling mode: last cmd=0x12345678 - hda_intel: azx_get_response timeout, switching to single_cmd mode: \ + hda_intel: azx_get_response timeout, switching to single_cmd mode: last cmd=0x12345678 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ @@ -98,9 +102,9 @@ accessing a non-existing codec slot. Thus, if the second error message appears, try to narrow the probed codec slots via `probe_mask` option. It's a bitmask, and each bit -corresponding to the codec slot. For example, to probe only the -first slot, pass `probe_mask=1`. For the first and the third slots, -pass `probe_mask=5` (where 5 = 1 | 4), and so on. +corresponds to the codec slot. For example, to probe only the first +slot, pass `probe_mask=1`. For the first and the third slots, pass +`probe_mask=5` (where 5 = 1 | 4), and so on. Since 2.6.29 kernel, the driver has a more robust probing method, so this error might happen rarely, though. @@ -119,10 +123,10 @@ HD-AUDIO CODEC Model Option ~~~~~~~~~~~~ -The most common problems with the HD-audio driver is the unsupported -codec features or the mismatched device configuration. Most of -codec-specific code has several preset models, either to override the -BIOS setup or to provide more comprehensive features. +The most common problem regarding the HD-audio driver is the +unsupported codec features or the mismatched device configuration. +Most of codec-specific code has several preset models, either to +override the BIOS setup or to provide more comprehensive features. The driver checks PCI SSID and looks through the static configuration table until any matching entry is found. If you have a new machine, @@ -130,44 +134,44 @@ you may see a message like below: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ hda_codec: Unknown model for ALC880, trying auto-probe from BIOS... ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -Even if you such a message, DON'T PANIC. Take a deep breath (and keep -your towel). First of all, it's an informational message, no warning, -no error. This means that the PCI SSID of your device isn't listed in -the known preset model list. But, this doesn't mean that the driver -is broken. Many codec-driver provides the automatic configuration -based on the BIOS setup. +Even if you see such a message, DON'T PANIC. Take a deep breath and +keep your towel. First of all, it's an informational message, no +warning, no error. This means that the PCI SSID of your device isn't +listed in the known preset model (white-)list. But, this doesn't mean +that the driver is broken. Many codec-drivers provide the automatic +configuration mechanism based on the BIOS setup. The HD-audio codec has usually "pin" widgets, and BIOS sets the default configuration of each pin, which indicates the location, the connection type, the jack color, etc. The HD-audio driver can guess the right connection judging from these default configuration values. -However -- some codec support codes, such as patch_analog.c, don't +However -- some codec-support codes, such as patch_analog.c, don't support the automatic probing (yet as of 2.6.28). And, BIOS is often, yes, pretty often broken. It sets up wrong values and screws up the driver. -The preset model is provided basically to override such a situation. -When the matching preset model is found in the list, the driver +The preset model is provided basically to overcome such a situation. +When the matching preset model is found in the white-list, the driver assumes the static configuration of that preset and builds the mixer -and PCM based on the static information. Thus, if you have a newer -machine with a slightly different PCI SSID from the existing one, you -may have a good chance to re-use the same model. You can pass the -`model` option to specify the preset model instead of PCI SSID -look-up. +elements and PCM streams based on the static information. Thus, if +you have a newer machine with a slightly different PCI SSID from the +existing one, you may have a good chance to re-use the same model. +You can pass the `model` option to specify the preset model instead of +PCI SSID look-up. What `model` option values are available depends on the codec chip. Check your codec chip from the codec proc file (see "Codec Proc-File" section below). It will show the vendor/product name of your codec -chip. Then, see Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt file. -In the section of HD-audio driver, you can find a list of codecs and -`model` options belonging to each codec. For example, for Realtek +chip. Then, see Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt +file, the section of HD-audio driver. You can find a list of codecs +and `model` options belonging to each codec. For example, for Realtek ALC262 codec chip, pass `model=ultra` for devices that are compatible with Samsung Q1 Ultra. -Thus, the first thing you can do for any brand-new, unsupported -HD-audio hardware is to check HD-audio codec and several different -`model` option values. If you have a luck, some of them might suit -with your device well. +Thus, the first thing you can do for any brand-new, unsupported and +non-working HD-audio hardware is to check HD-audio codec and several +different `model` option values. If you have a luck, some of them +might suit with your device well. Some codecs such as ALC880 have a special model option `model=test`. This configures the driver to provide as many mixer controls as @@ -188,12 +192,14 @@ One of the most frequent (and obvious) bugs with HD-audio is the silent output from either or both of a built-in speaker and a headphone jack. In general, you should try a headphone output at first. A speaker output often requires more additional controls like -the amplifier. Thus a headphone output has a slightly better chance. +the external amplifier bits. Thus a headphone output has a slightly +better chance. Before making a bug report, double-check whether the mixer is set up correctly. The recent version of snd-hda-intel driver provides mostly -"Master" volume control as well as "Front" volume. In addition, there -are individual "Headphone" and "Speaker" controls. +"Master" volume control as well as "Front" volume (where Front +indicates the front-channels). In addition, there can be individual +"Headphone" and "Speaker" controls. Ditto for the speaker output. There can be "External Amplifier" switch on some codecs. Turn on this if present. @@ -214,7 +220,7 @@ following: external amplifier. This can be set usually via EAPD verb or a certain GPIO. If the codec pin supports EAPD, you have a better chance via SET_EAPD_BTL verb (0x70c). On others, GPIO pin (mostly - it's either GPIO0 or GPIO1) can turn on/off EAPD. + it's either GPIO0 or GPIO1) may turn on/off EAPD. - Some Realtek codecs require special vendor-specific coefficients to turn on the amplifier. See patch_realtek.c. - IDT codecs may have extra power-enable/disable controls on each @@ -227,29 +233,29 @@ following: Capture Problems ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -The capture problems are often missing setups of mixers. Thus, before -submitting a bug report, make sure that you set up the mixer -correctly. For example, both "Capture Volume" and "Capture Switch" -have to be set properly in addition to the right "Capture Source" or -"Input Source" selection. Some devices have "Mic Boost" volume or -switch. +The capture problems are often because of missing setups of mixers. +Thus, before submitting a bug report, make sure that you set up the +mixer correctly. For example, both "Capture Volume" and "Capture +Switch" have to be set properly in addition to the right "Capture +Source" or "Input Source" selection. Some devices have "Mic Boost" +volume or switch. When the PCM device is opened via "default" PCM (without pulse-audio plugin), you'll likely have "Digital Capture Volume" control as well. This is provided for the extra gain/attenuation of the signal in software, especially for the inputs without the hardware volume control such as digital microphones. Unless really needed, this -should be set to exactly 50%, corresponding to 0dB. When you use "hw" -PCM, i.e., a raw access PCM, this control will have no influence, -though. +should be set to exactly 50%, corresponding to 0dB -- neither extra +gain nor attenuation. When you use "hw" PCM, i.e., a raw access PCM, +this control will have no influence, though. It's known that some codecs / devices have fairly bad analog circuits, and the recorded sound contains a certain DC-offset. This is no bug of the driver. -Most of modern laptops have no analog CD-input connection. Thus, the +Most of modern laptops have no analog CD-input connection. Thus, the recording from CD input won't work in many cases although the driver -provides it as the capture source. +provides it as the capture source. Use CDDA instead. The automatic switching of the built-in and external mic per plugging is implemented on some codec models but not on every model. Partly @@ -264,7 +270,7 @@ to fight again the evil, try debugging via hitting the raw HD-audio codec verbs to the device. Some tools are available: hda-emu and hda-analyzer. The detailed description is found in the sections below. You'd need to enable hwdep for using these tools. See "Kernel -Configuration". +Configuration" section. OTHER ISSUES @@ -284,15 +290,16 @@ sure to want it. Don't forget to turn on the appropriate `CONFIG_SND_HDA_CODEC_*` options. Note that each of them corresponds to the codec chip, not the controller chip. Thus, even if lspci shows the Nvidia controller, -you may choose the option for other vendors. If you are unsure, just -choose all yes. +you may need to choose the option for other vendors. If you are +unsure, just select all yes. `CONFIG_SND_HDA_HWDEP` is a useful option for debugging the driver. When this is enabled, the driver creates hardware-dependent devices (one per each codec), and you have a raw access to the device via -hda-verb program. For example, `hwC0D2` will be created for the card -0 codec slot #2. For debug tools such as hda-verb and hda-analyzer, -the hwdep device has to be enabled. Thus, turn this on always. +these device files. For example, `hwC0D2` will be created for the +codec slot #2 of the first card (#0). For debug-tools such as +hda-verb and hda-analyzer, the hwdep device has to be enabled. +Thus, it'd be better to turn this on always. `CONFIG_SND_HDA_RECONFIG` is a new option, and this depends on the hwdep option above. When enabled, you'll have some sysfs files under @@ -436,7 +443,7 @@ details. hda-verb ~~~~~~~~ hda-verb is a tiny program that allows you to access the HD-audio -codec directly. It executes a HD-audio codec verb directly. +codec directly. You can execute a raw HD-audio codec verb with this. This program accesses the hwdep device, thus you need to enable the kernel config `CONFIG_SND_HDA_HWDEP=y` beforehand. @@ -486,7 +493,7 @@ hda-analyzer ~~~~~~~~~~~~ hda-analyzer provides a graphical interface to access the raw HD-audio control, based on pyGTK2 binding. It's a more powerful version of -hda-verb. The program gives you a easy-to-use GUI stuff for showing +hda-verb. The program gives you an easy-to-use GUI stuff for showing the widget information and adjusting the amp values, as well as the proc-compatible output. @@ -498,7 +505,7 @@ alsa-project.org: hda-emu ~~~~~~~ -hda-emu is a HD-audio emulator. The main purpose of this program is +hda-emu is an HD-audio emulator. The main purpose of this program is to debug an HD-audio codec without the real hardware. Thus, it doesn't emulate the behavior with the real audio I/O, but it just dumps the codec register changes and the ALSA-driver internal changes -- cgit v1.2.2 From 623b9f6738dee0394398564a74fdabbff00f506f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Takashi Iwai Date: Thu, 11 Dec 2008 07:44:18 +0100 Subject: ALSA: hda - Update HD-Audio.txt MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit Fixed typos and added a section about codecgraph. Thanks to Vedran Miletić and Daniel T Chen for suggestions. Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai --- Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt | 17 +++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) (limited to 'Documentation/sound/alsa') diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt index ca8187de52d..ee9117eee1a 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ submit the improvement patch to the author. Direct Debugging ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If no model option gives you a better result, and you are a touch guy -to fight again the evil, try debugging via hitting the raw HD-audio +to fight against evil, try debugging via hitting the raw HD-audio codec verbs to the device. Some tools are available: hda-emu and hda-analyzer. The detailed description is found in the sections below. You'd need to enable hwdep for using these tools. See "Kernel @@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ power-down/up depending on the device. Some of them might be solvable, but some are hard, I'm afraid. Some distros such as openSUSE enables the power-saving feature automatically when the power cable is unplugged. Thus, if you hear noises, suspect first the -power-saving. See /sys/modules/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save to +power-saving. See /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save to check the current value. If it's non-zero, the feature is turned on. @@ -503,6 +503,19 @@ alsa-project.org: - http://git.alsa-project.org/?p=alsa.git;a=tree;f=hda-analyzer +Codecgraph +~~~~~~~~~~ +Codecgraph is a utility program to generate a graph and visualizes the +codec-node connection of a codec chip. It's especially useful when +you analyze or debug a codec without a proper datasheet. The program +parses the given codec proc file and converts to SVG via graphiz +program. + +The tarball and GIT trees are found in the web page at: + +- http://helllabs.org/codecgraph/ + + hda-emu ~~~~~~~ hda-emu is an HD-audio emulator. The main purpose of this program is -- cgit v1.2.2 From f8bbd06b17f16984328398cdecdf9302ef9bb0bf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Takashi Iwai Date: Thu, 11 Dec 2008 13:12:59 +0100 Subject: ALSA: hda - Fix another typo in HD-Audio.txt --- Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'Documentation/sound/alsa') diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt index ee9117eee1a..2e4d031ea1f 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt @@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ submit the improvement patch to the author. Direct Debugging ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -If no model option gives you a better result, and you are a touch guy +If no model option gives you a better result, and you are a tough guy to fight against evil, try debugging via hitting the raw HD-audio codec verbs to the device. Some tools are available: hda-emu and hda-analyzer. The detailed description is found in the sections -- cgit v1.2.2 From 132bb7c0efe82fc976b06d557f5d63536cb9fdaa Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Takashi Iwai Date: Thu, 11 Dec 2008 15:39:52 +0100 Subject: ALSA: hda - Add development tree URLs in HD-audio.txt Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai --- Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+) (limited to 'Documentation/sound/alsa') diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt index 2e4d031ea1f..642a2b01254 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt @@ -393,6 +393,28 @@ power-saving. See /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save to check the current value. If it's non-zero, the feature is turned on. +Development Tree +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The latest development codes for HD-audio are found on sound git tree: + +- git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tiwai/sound-2.6.git + +The master branch or for-next branches can be used as the main +development branches in general while the HD-audio specific patches +are committed in topic/hda branch. + +If you are using the latest Linus tree, it'd be better to pull the +above GIT tree onto it. If you are using the older kernels, an easy +way to try the latest ALSA code is to build from the snapshot +tarball. There are daily tarballs and the latest snapshot tarball. +All can be built just like normal alsa-driver release packages, that +is, installed via the usual spells: configure, make and make +install(-modules). See INSTALL in the package. The snapshot tarballs +are found at: + +- ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/tiwai/snapshot/ + + Sending a Bug Report ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If any model or module options don't work for your device, it's time -- cgit v1.2.2