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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/usb/functionfs.txt')
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1 | *How FunctionFS works* | ||
2 | |||
3 | From kernel point of view it is just a composite function with some | ||
4 | unique behaviour. It may be added to an USB configuration only after | ||
5 | the user space driver has registered by writing descriptors and | ||
6 | strings (the user space program has to provide the same information | ||
7 | that kernel level composite functions provide when they are added to | ||
8 | the configuration). | ||
9 | |||
10 | This in particular means that the composite initialisation functions | ||
11 | may not be in init section (ie. may not use the __init tag). | ||
12 | |||
13 | From user space point of view it is a file system which when | ||
14 | mounted provides an "ep0" file. User space driver need to | ||
15 | write descriptors and strings to that file. It does not need | ||
16 | to worry about endpoints, interfaces or strings numbers but | ||
17 | simply provide descriptors such as if the function was the | ||
18 | only one (endpoints and strings numbers starting from one and | ||
19 | interface numbers starting from zero). The FunctionFS changes | ||
20 | them as needed also handling situation when numbers differ in | ||
21 | different configurations. | ||
22 | |||
23 | When descriptors and strings are written "ep#" files appear | ||
24 | (one for each declared endpoint) which handle communication on | ||
25 | a single endpoint. Again, FunctionFS takes care of the real | ||
26 | numbers and changing of the configuration (which means that | ||
27 | "ep1" file may be really mapped to (say) endpoint 3 (and when | ||
28 | configuration changes to (say) endpoint 2)). "ep0" is used | ||
29 | for receiving events and handling setup requests. | ||
30 | |||
31 | When all files are closed the function disables itself. | ||
32 | |||
33 | What I also want to mention is that the FunctionFS is designed in such | ||
34 | a way that it is possible to mount it several times so in the end | ||
35 | a gadget could use several FunctionFS functions. The idea is that | ||
36 | each FunctionFS instance is identified by the device name used | ||
37 | when mounting. | ||
38 | |||
39 | One can imagine a gadget that has an Ethernet, MTP and HID interfaces | ||
40 | where the last two are implemented via FunctionFS. On user space | ||
41 | level it would look like this: | ||
42 | |||
43 | $ insmod g_ffs.ko idVendor=<ID> iSerialNumber=<string> functions=mtp,hid | ||
44 | $ mkdir /dev/ffs-mtp && mount -t functionfs mtp /dev/ffs-mtp | ||
45 | $ ( cd /dev/ffs-mtp && mtp-daemon ) & | ||
46 | $ mkdir /dev/ffs-hid && mount -t functionfs hid /dev/ffs-hid | ||
47 | $ ( cd /dev/ffs-hid && hid-daemon ) & | ||
48 | |||
49 | On kernel level the gadget checks ffs_data->dev_name to identify | ||
50 | whether it's FunctionFS designed for MTP ("mtp") or HID ("hid"). | ||
51 | |||
52 | If no "functions" module parameters is supplied, the driver accepts | ||
53 | just one function with any name. | ||
54 | |||
55 | When "functions" module parameter is supplied, only functions | ||
56 | with listed names are accepted. In particular, if the "functions" | ||
57 | parameter's value is just a one-element list, then the behaviour | ||
58 | is similar to when there is no "functions" at all; however, | ||
59 | only a function with the specified name is accepted. | ||
60 | |||
61 | The gadget is registered only after all the declared function | ||
62 | filesystems have been mounted and USB descriptors of all functions | ||
63 | have been written to their ep0's. | ||
64 | |||
65 | Conversely, the gadget is unregistered after the first USB function | ||
66 | closes its endpoints. | ||
67 | |||