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| 1 | Channel attached Tape device driver | ||
| 2 | |||
| 3 | -----------------------------WARNING----------------------------------------- | ||
| 4 | This driver is considered to be EXPERIMENTAL. Do NOT use it in | ||
| 5 | production environments. Feel free to test it and report problems back to us. | ||
| 6 | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
| 7 | |||
| 8 | The LINUX for zSeries tape device driver manages channel attached tape drives | ||
| 9 | which are compatible to IBM 3480 or IBM 3490 magnetic tape subsystems. This | ||
| 10 | includes various models of these devices (for example the 3490E). | ||
| 11 | |||
| 12 | |||
| 13 | Tape driver features | ||
| 14 | |||
| 15 | The device driver supports a maximum of 128 tape devices. | ||
| 16 | No official LINUX device major number is assigned to the zSeries tape device | ||
| 17 | driver. It allocates major numbers dynamically and reports them on system | ||
| 18 | startup. | ||
| 19 | Typically it will get major number 254 for both the character device front-end | ||
| 20 | and the block device front-end. | ||
| 21 | |||
| 22 | The tape device driver needs no kernel parameters. All supported devices | ||
| 23 | present are detected on driver initialization at system startup or module load. | ||
| 24 | The devices detected are ordered by their subchannel numbers. The device with | ||
| 25 | the lowest subchannel number becomes device 0, the next one will be device 1 | ||
| 26 | and so on. | ||
| 27 | |||
| 28 | |||
| 29 | Tape character device front-end | ||
| 30 | |||
| 31 | The usual way to read or write to the tape device is through the character | ||
| 32 | device front-end. The zSeries tape device driver provides two character devices | ||
| 33 | for each physical device -- the first of these will rewind automatically when | ||
| 34 | it is closed, the second will not rewind automatically. | ||
| 35 | |||
| 36 | The character device nodes are named /dev/rtibm0 (rewinding) and /dev/ntibm0 | ||
| 37 | (non-rewinding) for the first device, /dev/rtibm1 and /dev/ntibm1 for the | ||
| 38 | second, and so on. | ||
| 39 | |||
| 40 | The character device front-end can be used as any other LINUX tape device. You | ||
| 41 | can write to it and read from it using LINUX facilities such as GNU tar. The | ||
| 42 | tool mt can be used to perform control operations, such as rewinding the tape | ||
| 43 | or skipping a file. | ||
| 44 | |||
| 45 | Most LINUX tape software should work with either tape character device. | ||
| 46 | |||
| 47 | |||
| 48 | Tape block device front-end | ||
| 49 | |||
| 50 | The tape device may also be accessed as a block device in read-only mode. | ||
| 51 | This could be used for software installation in the same way as it is used with | ||
| 52 | other operation systems on the zSeries platform (and most LINUX | ||
| 53 | distributions are shipped on compact disk using ISO9660 filesystems). | ||
| 54 | |||
| 55 | One block device node is provided for each physical device. These are named | ||
| 56 | /dev/btibm0 for the first device, /dev/btibm1 for the second and so on. | ||
| 57 | You should only use the ISO9660 filesystem on LINUX for zSeries tapes because | ||
| 58 | the physical tape devices cannot perform fast seeks and the ISO9660 system is | ||
| 59 | optimized for this situation. | ||
| 60 | |||
| 61 | |||
| 62 | Tape block device example | ||
| 63 | |||
| 64 | In this example a tape with an ISO9660 filesystem is created using the first | ||
| 65 | tape device. ISO9660 filesystem support must be built into your system kernel | ||
| 66 | for this. | ||
| 67 | The mt command is used to issue tape commands and the mkisofs command to | ||
| 68 | create an ISO9660 filesystem: | ||
| 69 | |||
| 70 | - create a LINUX directory (somedir) with the contents of the filesystem | ||
| 71 | mkdir somedir | ||
| 72 | cp contents somedir | ||
| 73 | |||
| 74 | - insert a tape | ||
| 75 | |||
| 76 | - ensure the tape is at the beginning | ||
| 77 | mt -f /dev/ntibm0 rewind | ||
| 78 | |||
| 79 | - set the blocksize of the character driver. The blocksize 2048 bytes | ||
| 80 | is commonly used on ISO9660 CD-Roms | ||
| 81 | mt -f /dev/ntibm0 setblk 2048 | ||
| 82 | |||
| 83 | - write the filesystem to the character device driver | ||
| 84 | mkisofs -o /dev/ntibm0 somedir | ||
| 85 | |||
| 86 | - rewind the tape again | ||
| 87 | mt -f /dev/ntibm0 rewind | ||
| 88 | |||
| 89 | - Now you can mount your new filesystem as a block device: | ||
| 90 | mount -t iso9660 -o ro,block=2048 /dev/btibm0 /mnt | ||
| 91 | |||
| 92 | TODO List | ||
| 93 | |||
| 94 | - Driver has to be stabilized still | ||
| 95 | |||
| 96 | BUGS | ||
| 97 | |||
| 98 | This driver is considered BETA, which means some weaknesses may still | ||
| 99 | be in it. | ||
| 100 | If an error occurs which cannot be handled by the code you will get a | ||
| 101 | sense-data dump.In that case please do the following: | ||
| 102 | |||
| 103 | 1. set the tape driver debug level to maximum: | ||
| 104 | echo 6 >/proc/s390dbf/tape/level | ||
| 105 | |||
| 106 | 2. re-perform the actions which produced the bug. (Hopefully the bug will | ||
| 107 | reappear.) | ||
| 108 | |||
| 109 | 3. get a snapshot from the debug-feature: | ||
| 110 | cat /proc/s390dbf/tape/hex_ascii >somefile | ||
| 111 | |||
| 112 | 4. Now put the snapshot together with a detailed description of the situation | ||
| 113 | that led to the bug: | ||
| 114 | - Which tool did you use? | ||
| 115 | - Which hardware do you have? | ||
| 116 | - Was your tape unit online? | ||
| 117 | - Is it a shared tape unit? | ||
| 118 | |||
| 119 | 5. Send an email with your bug report to: | ||
| 120 | mailto:Linux390@de.ibm.com | ||
| 121 | |||
| 122 | |||
