kernel/rcutorture.c



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/*
 * Read-Copy Update module-based torture test facility
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
 *
 * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2005, 2006
 *
 * Authors: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com>
 *	  Josh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org>
 *
 * See also:  Documentation/RCU/torture.txt
 */
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <asm/atomic.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/reboot.h>
#include <linux/freezer.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/srcu.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <asm/byteorder.h>

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@us.ibm.com> and "
	      "Josh Triplett <josh@freedesktop.org>");

static int nreaders = -1;	/* # reader threads, defaults to 2*ncpus */
static int nfakewriters = 4;	/* # fake writer threads */
static int stat_interval;	/* Interval between stats, in seconds. */
				/*  Defaults to "only at end of test". */
static int verbose;		/* Print more debug info. */
static int test_no_idle_hz;	/* Test RCU's support for tickless idle CPUs. */
static int shuffle_interval = 3; /* Interval between shuffles (in sec)*/
static int stutter = 5;		/* Start/stop testing interval (in sec) */
static int irqreader = 1;	/* RCU readers from irq (timers). */
static int fqs_duration = 0;	/* Duration of bursts (us), 0 to disable. */
static int fqs_holdoff = 0;	/* Hold time within burst (us). */
static int fqs_stutter = 3;	/* Wait time between bursts (s). */
static int test_boost = 1;	/* Test RCU prio boost: 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes. */
static int test_boost_interval = 7; /* Interval between boost tests, seconds. */
static int test_boost_duration = 4; /* Duration of each boost test, seconds. */
static char *torture_type = "rcu"; /* What RCU implementation to torture. */

module_param(nreaders, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(nreaders, "Number of RCU reader threads");
module_param(nfakewriters, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(nfakewriters, "Number of RCU fake writer threads");
module_param(stat_interval, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(stat_interval, "Number of seconds between stats printk()s");
module_param(verbose, bool, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(verbose, "Enable verbose debugging printk()s");
module_param(test_no_idle_hz, bool, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(test_no_idle_hz, "Test support for tickless idle CPUs");
module_param(shuffle_interval, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(shuffle_interval, "Number of seconds between shuffles");
module_param(stutter, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(stutter, "Number of seconds to run/halt test");
module_param(irqreader, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(irqreader, "Allow RCU readers from irq handlers");
module_param(fqs_duration, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(fqs_duration, "Duration of fqs bursts (us)");
module_param(fqs_holdoff, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(fqs_holdoff, "Holdoff time within fqs bursts (us)");
module_param(fqs_stutter, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(fqs_stutter, "Wait time between fqs bursts (s)");
module_param(test_boost, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(test_boost, "Test RCU prio boost: 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.");
module_param(test_boost_interval, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(test_boost_interval, "Interval between boost tests, seconds.");
module_param(test_boost_duration, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(test_boost_duration, "Duration of each boost test, seconds.");
module_param(torture_type, charp, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(torture_type, "Type of RCU to torture (rcu, rcu_bh, srcu)");

#define TORTURE_FLAG "-torture:"
#define PRINTK_STRING(s) \
	do { printk(KERN_ALERT "%s" TORTURE_FLAG s "\n", torture_type); } while (0)
#define VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING(s) \
	do { if (verbose) printk(KERN_ALERT "%s" TORTURE_FLAG s "\n", torture_type); } while (0)
#define VERBOSE_PRINTK_ERRSTRING(s) \
	do { if (verbose) printk(KERN_ALERT "%s" TORTURE_FLAG "!!! " s "\n", torture_type); } while (0)

static char printk_buf[4096];

static int nrealreaders;
static struct task_struct *writer_task;
static struct task_struct **fakewriter_tasks;
static struct task_struct **reader_tasks;
static struct task_struct *stats_task;
static struct task_struct *shuffler_task;
static struct task_struct *stutter_task;
static struct task_struct *fqs_task;
static struct task_struct *boost_tasks[NR_CPUS];

#define RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN 10

struct rcu_torture {
	struct rcu_head rtort_rcu;
	int rtort_pipe_count;
	struct list_head rtort_free;
	int rtort_mbtest;
};

static LIST_HEAD(rcu_torture_freelist);
static struct rcu_torture __rcu *rcu_torture_current;
static unsigned long rcu_torture_current_version;
static struct rcu_torture rcu_tortures[10 * RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN];
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rcu_torture_lock);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_count) =
	{ 0 };
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(long [RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1], rcu_torture_batch) =
	{ 0 };
static atomic_t rcu_torture_wcount[RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN + 1];
static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc;
static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail;
static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_free;
static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_mberror;
static atomic_t n_rcu_torture_error;
static long n_rcu_torture_boost_ktrerror;
static long n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror;
static long n_rcu_torture_boost_failure;
static long n_rcu_torture_boosts;
static long n_rcu_torture_timers;
static struct list_head rcu_torture_removed;
static cpumask_var_t shuffle_tmp_mask;

static int stutter_pause_test;

#if defined(MODULE) || defined(CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_RUNNABLE)
#define RCUTORTURE_RUNNABLE_INIT 1
#else
#define RCUTORTURE_RUNNABLE_INIT 0
#endif
int rcutorture_runnable = RCUTORTURE_RUNNABLE_INIT;

#if defined(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST) && !defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU)
#define rcu_can_boost() 1
#else /* #if defined(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST) && !defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU) */
#define rcu_can_boost() 0
#endif /* #else #if defined(CONFIG_RCU_BOOST) && !defined(CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU) */

static unsigned long boost_starttime;	/* jiffies of next boost test start. */
DEFINE_MUTEX(boost_mutex);		/* protect setting boost_starttime */
					/*  and boost task create/destroy. */

/* Mediate rmmod and system shutdown.  Concurrent rmmod & shutdown illegal! */

#define FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP 0	/* Normal operation. */
#define FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN 1	/* System shutdown with rcutorture running. */
#define FULLSTOP_RMMOD    2	/* Normal rmmod of rcutorture. */
static int fullstop = FULLSTOP_RMMOD;
/*
 * Protect fullstop transitions and spawning of kthreads.
 */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(fullstop_mutex);

/*
 * Detect and respond to a system shutdown.
 */
static int
rcutorture_shutdown_notify(struct notifier_block *unused1,
			   unsigned long unused2, void *unused3)
{
	mutex_lock(&fullstop_mutex);
	if (fullstop == FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP)
		fullstop = FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN;
	else
		printk(KERN_WARNING /* but going down anyway, so... */
		       "Concurrent 'rmmod rcutorture' and shutdown illegal!\n");
	mutex_unlock(&fullstop_mutex);
	return NOTIFY_DONE;
}

/*
 * Absorb kthreads into a kernel function that won't return, so that
 * they won't ever access module text or data again.
 */
static void rcutorture_shutdown_absorb(char *title)
{
	if (ACCESS_ONCE(fullstop) == FULLSTOP_SHUTDOWN) {
		printk(KERN_NOTICE
		       "rcutorture thread %s parking due to system shutdown\n",
		       title);
		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
	}
}

/*
 * Allocate an element from the rcu_tortures pool.
 */
static struct rcu_torture *
rcu_torture_alloc(void)
{
	struct list_head *p;

	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
	if (list_empty(&rcu_torture_freelist)) {
		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc_fail);
		spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
		return NULL;
	}
	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_alloc);
	p = rcu_torture_freelist.next;
	list_del_init(p);
	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
	return container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_free);
}

/*
 * Free an element to the rcu_tortures pool.
 */
static void
rcu_torture_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
{
	atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_free);
	spin_lock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
	list_add_tail(&p->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_freelist);
	spin_unlock_bh(&rcu_torture_lock);
}

struct rcu_random_state {
	unsigned long rrs_state;
	long rrs_count;
};

#define RCU_RANDOM_MULT 39916801  /* prime */
#define RCU_RANDOM_ADD	479001701 /* prime */
#define RCU_RANDOM_REFRESH 10000

#define DEFINE_RCU_RANDOM(name) struct rcu_random_state name = { 0, 0 }

/*
 * Crude but fast random-number generator.  Uses a linear congruential
 * generator, with occasional help from cpu_clock().
 */
static unsigned long
rcu_random(struct rcu_random_state *rrsp)
{
	if (--rrsp->rrs_count < 0) {
		rrsp->rrs_state += (unsigned long)local_clock();
		rrsp->rrs_count = RCU_RANDOM_REFRESH;
	}
	rrsp->rrs_state = rrsp->rrs_state * RCU_RANDOM_MULT + RCU_RANDOM_ADD;
	return swahw32(rrsp->rrs_state);
}

static void
rcu_stutter_wait(char *title)
{
	while (stutter_pause_test || !rcutorture_runnable) {
		if (rcutorture_runnable)
			schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
		else
			schedule_timeout_interruptible(round_jiffies_relative(HZ));
		rcutorture_shutdown_absorb(title);
	}
}

/*
 * Operations vector for selecting different types of tests.
 */

struct rcu_torture_ops {
	void (*init)(void);
	void (*cleanup)(void);
	int (*readlock)(void);
	void (*read_delay)(struct rcu_random_state *rrsp);
	void (*readunlock)(int idx);
	int (*completed)(void);
	void (*deferred_free)(struct rcu_torture *p);
	void (*sync)(void);
	void (*cb_barrier)(void);
	void (*fqs)(void);
	int (*stats)(char *page);
	int irq_capable;
	int can_boost;
	char *name;
};

static struct rcu_torture_ops *cur_ops;

/*
 * Definitions for rcu torture testing.
 */

static int rcu_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(RCU)
{
	rcu_read_lock();
	return 0;
}

static void rcu_read_delay(struct rcu_random_state *rrsp)
{
	const unsigned long shortdelay_us = 200;
	const unsigned long longdelay_ms = 50;

	/* We want a short delay sometimes to make a reader delay the grace
	 * period, and we want a long delay occasionally to trigger
	 * force_quiescent_state. */

	if (!(rcu_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2000 * longdelay_ms)))
		mdelay(longdelay_ms);
	if (!(rcu_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2 * shortdelay_us)))
		udelay(shortdelay_us);
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT
	if (!preempt_count() && !(rcu_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 20000)))
		preempt_schedule();  /* No QS if preempt_disable() in effect */
#endif
}

static void rcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(RCU)
{
	rcu_read_unlock();
}

static int rcu_torture_completed(void)
{
	return rcu_batches_completed();
}

static void
rcu_torture_cb(struct rcu_head *p)
{
	int i;
	struct rcu_torture *rp = container_of(p, struct rcu_torture, rtort_rcu);

	if (fullstop != FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP) {
		/* Test is ending, just drop callbacks on the floor. */
		/* The next initialization will pick up the pieces. */
		return;
	}
	i = rp->rtort_pipe_count;
	if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
		i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
	atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
	if (++rp->rtort_pipe_count >= RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
		rp->rtort_mbtest = 0;
		rcu_torture_free(rp);
	} else
		cur_ops->deferred_free(rp);
}

static int rcu_no_completed(void)
{
	return 0;
}

static void rcu_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
{
	call_rcu(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
}

static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_ops = {
	.init		= NULL,
	.cleanup	= NULL,
	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock,
	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,
	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
	.completed	= rcu_torture_completed,
	.deferred_free	= rcu_torture_deferred_free,
	.sync		= synchronize_rcu,
	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier,
	.fqs		= rcu_force_quiescent_state,
	.stats		= NULL,
	.irq_capable	= 1,
	.can_boost	= rcu_can_boost(),
	.name		= "rcu"
};

static void rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
{
	int i;
	struct rcu_torture *rp;
	struct rcu_torture *rp1;

	cur_ops->sync();
	list_add(&p->rtort_free, &rcu_torture_removed);
	list_for_each_entry_safe(rp, rp1, &rcu_torture_removed, rtort_free) {
		i = rp->rtort_pipe_count;
		if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
			i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
		atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
		if (++rp->rtort_pipe_count >= RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
			rp->rtort_mbtest = 0;
			list_del(&rp->rtort_free);
			rcu_torture_free(rp);
		}
	}
}

static void rcu_sync_torture_init(void)
{
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&rcu_torture_removed);
}

static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_sync_ops = {
	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
	.cleanup	= NULL,
	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock,
	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,
	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
	.completed	= rcu_torture_completed,
	.deferred_free	= rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free,
	.sync		= synchronize_rcu,
	.cb_barrier	= NULL,
	.fqs		= rcu_force_quiescent_state,
	.stats		= NULL,
	.irq_capable	= 1,
	.can_boost	= rcu_can_boost(),
	.name		= "rcu_sync"
};

static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_expedited_ops = {
	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
	.cleanup	= NULL,
	.readlock	= rcu_torture_read_lock,
	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
	.readunlock	= rcu_torture_read_unlock,
	.completed	= rcu_no_completed,
	.deferred_free	= rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free,
	.sync		= synchronize_rcu_expedited,
	.cb_barrier	= NULL,
	.fqs		= rcu_force_quiescent_state,
	.stats		= NULL,
	.irq_capable	= 1,
	.can_boost	= rcu_can_boost(),
	.name		= "rcu_expedited"
};

/*
 * Definitions for rcu_bh torture testing.
 */

static int rcu_bh_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(RCU_BH)
{
	rcu_read_lock_bh();
	return 0;
}

static void rcu_bh_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(RCU_BH)
{
	rcu_read_unlock_bh();
}

static int rcu_bh_torture_completed(void)
{
	return rcu_batches_completed_bh();
}

static void rcu_bh_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
{
	call_rcu_bh(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
}

struct rcu_bh_torture_synchronize {
	struct rcu_head head;
	struct completion completion;
};

static void rcu_bh_torture_wakeme_after_cb(struct rcu_head *head)
{
	struct rcu_bh_torture_synchronize *rcu;

	rcu = container_of(head, struct rcu_bh_torture_synchronize, head);
	complete(&rcu->completion);
}

static void rcu_bh_torture_synchronize(void)
{
	struct rcu_bh_torture_synchronize rcu;

	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu.head);
	init_completion(&rcu.completion);
	call_rcu_bh(&rcu.head, rcu_bh_torture_wakeme_after_cb);
	wait_for_completion(&rcu.completion);
	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rcu.head);
}

static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_bh_ops = {
	.init		= NULL,
	.cleanup	= NULL,
	.readlock	= rcu_bh_torture_read_lock,
	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
	.readunlock	= rcu_bh_torture_read_unlock,
	.completed	= rcu_bh_torture_completed,
	.deferred_free	= rcu_bh_torture_deferred_free,
	.sync		= rcu_bh_torture_synchronize,
	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_bh,
	.fqs		= rcu_bh_force_quiescent_state,
	.stats		= NULL,
	.irq_capable	= 1,
	.name		= "rcu_bh"
};

static struct rcu_torture_ops rcu_bh_sync_ops = {
	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
	.cleanup	= NULL,
	.readlock	= rcu_bh_torture_read_lock,
	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
	.readunlock	= rcu_bh_torture_read_unlock,
	.completed	= rcu_bh_torture_completed,
	.deferred_free	= rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free,
	.sync		= rcu_bh_torture_synchronize,
	.cb_barrier	= NULL,
	.fqs		= rcu_bh_force_quiescent_state,
	.stats		= NULL,
	.irq_capable	= 1,
	.name		= "rcu_bh_sync"
};

/*
 * Definitions for srcu torture testing.
 */

static struct srcu_struct srcu_ctl;

static void srcu_torture_init(void)
{
	init_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctl);
	rcu_sync_torture_init();
}

static void srcu_torture_cleanup(void)
{
	synchronize_srcu(&srcu_ctl);
	cleanup_srcu_struct(&srcu_ctl);
}

static int srcu_torture_read_lock(void) __acquires(&srcu_ctl)
{
	return srcu_read_lock(&srcu_ctl);
}

static void srcu_read_delay(struct rcu_random_state *rrsp)
{
	long delay;
	const long uspertick = 1000000 / HZ;
	const long longdelay = 10;

	/* We want there to be long-running readers, but not all the time. */

	delay = rcu_random(rrsp) % (nrealreaders * 2 * longdelay * uspertick);
	if (!delay)
		schedule_timeout_interruptible(longdelay);
	else
		rcu_read_delay(rrsp);
}

static void srcu_torture_read_unlock(int idx) __releases(&srcu_ctl)
{
	srcu_read_unlock(&srcu_ctl, idx);
}

static int srcu_torture_completed(void)
{
	return srcu_batches_completed(&srcu_ctl);
}

static void srcu_torture_synchronize(void)
{
	synchronize_srcu(&srcu_ctl);
}

static int srcu_torture_stats(char *page)
{
	int cnt = 0;
	int cpu;
	int idx = srcu_ctl.completed & 0x1;

	cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "%s%s per-CPU(idx=%d):",
		       torture_type, TORTURE_FLAG, idx);
	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
		cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], " %d(%d,%d)", cpu,
			       per_cpu_ptr(srcu_ctl.per_cpu_ref, cpu)->c[!idx],
			       per_cpu_ptr(srcu_ctl.per_cpu_ref, cpu)->c[idx]);
	}
	cnt += sprintf(&page[cnt], "\n");
	return cnt;
}

static struct rcu_torture_ops srcu_ops = {
	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
	.completed	= srcu_torture_completed,
	.deferred_free	= rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free,
	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize,
	.cb_barrier	= NULL,
	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
	.name		= "srcu"
};

static void srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited(void)
{
	synchronize_srcu_expedited(&srcu_ctl);
}

static struct rcu_torture_ops srcu_expedited_ops = {
	.init		= srcu_torture_init,
	.cleanup	= srcu_torture_cleanup,
	.readlock	= srcu_torture_read_lock,
	.read_delay	= srcu_read_delay,
	.readunlock	= srcu_torture_read_unlock,
	.completed	= srcu_torture_completed,
	.deferred_free	= rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free,
	.sync		= srcu_torture_synchronize_expedited,
	.cb_barrier	= NULL,
	.stats		= srcu_torture_stats,
	.name		= "srcu_expedited"
};

/*
 * Definitions for sched torture testing.
 */

static int sched_torture_read_lock(void)
{
	preempt_disable();
	return 0;
}

static void sched_torture_read_unlock(int idx)
{
	preempt_enable();
}

static void rcu_sched_torture_deferred_free(struct rcu_torture *p)
{
	call_rcu_sched(&p->rtort_rcu, rcu_torture_cb);
}

static void sched_torture_synchronize(void)
{
	synchronize_sched();
}

static struct rcu_torture_ops sched_ops = {
	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
	.cleanup	= NULL,
	.readlock	= sched_torture_read_lock,
	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
	.readunlock	= sched_torture_read_unlock,
	.completed	= rcu_no_completed,
	.deferred_free	= rcu_sched_torture_deferred_free,
	.sync		= sched_torture_synchronize,
	.cb_barrier	= rcu_barrier_sched,
	.fqs		= rcu_sched_force_quiescent_state,
	.stats		= NULL,
	.irq_capable	= 1,
	.name		= "sched"
};

static struct rcu_torture_ops sched_sync_ops = {
	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
	.cleanup	= NULL,
	.readlock	= sched_torture_read_lock,
	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
	.readunlock	= sched_torture_read_unlock,
	.completed	= rcu_no_completed,
	.deferred_free	= rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free,
	.sync		= sched_torture_synchronize,
	.cb_barrier	= NULL,
	.fqs		= rcu_sched_force_quiescent_state,
	.stats		= NULL,
	.name		= "sched_sync"
};

static struct rcu_torture_ops sched_expedited_ops = {
	.init		= rcu_sync_torture_init,
	.cleanup	= NULL,
	.readlock	= sched_torture_read_lock,
	.read_delay	= rcu_read_delay,  /* just reuse rcu's version. */
	.readunlock	= sched_torture_read_unlock,
	.completed	= rcu_no_completed,
	.deferred_free	= rcu_sync_torture_deferred_free,
	.sync		= synchronize_sched_expedited,
	.cb_barrier	= NULL,
	.fqs		= rcu_sched_force_quiescent_state,
	.stats		= NULL,
	.irq_capable	= 1,
	.name		= "sched_expedited"
};

/*
 * RCU torture priority-boost testing.  Runs one real-time thread per
 * CPU for moderate bursts, repeatedly registering RCU callbacks and
 * spinning waiting for them to be invoked.  If a given callback takes
 * too long to be invoked, we assume that priority inversion has occurred.
 */

struct rcu_boost_inflight {
	struct rcu_head rcu;
	int inflight;
};

static void rcu_torture_boost_cb(struct rcu_head *head)
{
	struct rcu_boost_inflight *rbip =
		container_of(head, struct rcu_boost_inflight, rcu);

	smp_mb(); /* Ensure RCU-core accesses precede clearing ->inflight */
	rbip->inflight = 0;
}

static int rcu_torture_boost(void *arg)
{
	unsigned long call_rcu_time;
	unsigned long endtime;
	unsigned long oldstarttime;
	struct rcu_boost_inflight rbi = { .inflight = 0 };
	struct sched_param sp;

	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_boost started");

	/* Set real-time priority. */
	sp.sched_priority = 1;
	if (sched_setscheduler(current, SCHED_FIFO, &sp) < 0) {
		VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_boost RT prio failed!");
		n_rcu_torture_boost_rterror++;
	}

	init_rcu_head_on_stack(&rbi.rcu);
	/* Each pass through the following loop does one boost-test cycle. */
	do {
		/* Wait for the next test interval. */
		oldstarttime = boost_starttime;
		while (jiffies - oldstarttime > ULONG_MAX / 2) {
			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
			rcu_stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost");
			if (kthread_should_stop() ||
			    fullstop != FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP)
				goto checkwait;
		}

		/* Do one boost-test interval. */
		endtime = oldstarttime + test_boost_duration * HZ;
		call_rcu_time = jiffies;
		while (jiffies - endtime > ULONG_MAX / 2) {
			/* If we don't have a callback in flight, post one. */
			if (!rbi.inflight) {
				smp_mb(); /* RCU core before ->inflight = 1. */
				rbi.inflight = 1;
				call_rcu(&rbi.rcu, rcu_torture_boost_cb);
				if (jiffies - call_rcu_time >
					 test_boost_duration * HZ - HZ / 2) {
					VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_boost boosting failed");
					n_rcu_torture_boost_failure++;
				}
				call_rcu_time = jiffies;
			}
			cond_resched();
			rcu_stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost");
			if (kthread_should_stop() ||
			    fullstop != FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP)
				goto checkwait;
		}

		/*
		 * Set the start time of the next test interval.
		 * Yes, this is vulnerable to long delays, but such
		 * delays simply cause a false negative for the next
		 * interval.  Besides, we are running at RT priority,
		 * so delays should be relatively rare.
		 */
		while (oldstarttime == boost_starttime) {
			if (mutex_trylock(&boost_mutex)) {
				boost_starttime = jiffies +
						  test_boost_interval * HZ;
				n_rcu_torture_boosts++;
				mutex_unlock(&boost_mutex);
				break;
			}
			schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
		}

		/* Go do the stutter. */
checkwait:	rcu_stutter_wait("rcu_torture_boost");
	} while (!kthread_should_stop() && fullstop  == FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP);

	/* Clean up and exit. */
	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_boost task stopping");
	destroy_rcu_head_on_stack(&rbi.rcu);
	rcutorture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_boost");
	while (!kthread_should_stop() || rbi.inflight)
		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
	smp_mb(); /* order accesses to ->inflight before stack-frame death. */
	return 0;
}

/*
 * RCU torture force-quiescent-state kthread.  Repeatedly induces
 * bursts of calls to force_quiescent_state(), increasing the probability
 * of occurrence of some important types of race conditions.
 */
static int
rcu_torture_fqs(void *arg)
{
	unsigned long fqs_resume_time;
	int fqs_burst_remaining;

	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_fqs task started");
	do {
		fqs_resume_time = jiffies + fqs_stutter * HZ;
		while (jiffies - fqs_resume_time > LONG_MAX) {
			schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
		}
		fqs_burst_remaining = fqs_duration;
		while (fqs_burst_remaining > 0) {
			cur_ops->fqs();
			udelay(fqs_holdoff);
			fqs_burst_remaining -= fqs_holdoff;
		}
		rcu_stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fqs");
	} while (!kthread_should_stop() && fullstop == FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP);
	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_fqs task stopping");
	rcutorture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_fqs");
	while (!kthread_should_stop())
		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * RCU torture writer kthread.  Repeatedly substitutes a new structure
 * for that pointed to by rcu_torture_current, freeing the old structure
 * after a series of grace periods (the "pipeline").
 */
static int
rcu_torture_writer(void *arg)
{
	int i;
	long oldbatch = rcu_batches_completed();
	struct rcu_torture *rp;
	struct rcu_torture *old_rp;
	static DEFINE_RCU_RANDOM(rand);

	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_writer task started");
	set_user_nice(current, 19);

	do {
		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
		rp = rcu_torture_alloc();
		if (rp == NULL)
			continue;
		rp->rtort_pipe_count = 0;
		udelay(rcu_random(&rand) & 0x3ff);
		old_rp = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
					       current == writer_task);
		rp->rtort_mbtest = 1;
		rcu_assign_pointer(rcu_torture_current, rp);
		smp_wmb(); /* Mods to old_rp must follow rcu_assign_pointer() */
		if (old_rp) {
			i = old_rp->rtort_pipe_count;
			if (i > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN)
				i = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
			atomic_inc(&rcu_torture_wcount[i]);
			old_rp->rtort_pipe_count++;
			cur_ops->deferred_free(old_rp);
		}
		rcutorture_record_progress(++rcu_torture_current_version);
		oldbatch = cur_ops->completed();
		rcu_stutter_wait("rcu_torture_writer");
	} while (!kthread_should_stop() && fullstop == FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP);
	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_writer task stopping");
	rcutorture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_writer");
	while (!kthread_should_stop())
		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * RCU torture fake writer kthread.  Repeatedly calls sync, with a random
 * delay between calls.
 */
static int
rcu_torture_fakewriter(void *arg)
{
	DEFINE_RCU_RANDOM(rand);

	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_fakewriter task started");
	set_user_nice(current, 19);

	do {
		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1 + rcu_random(&rand)%10);
		udelay(rcu_random(&rand) & 0x3ff);
		cur_ops->sync();
		rcu_stutter_wait("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
	} while (!kthread_should_stop() && fullstop == FULLSTOP_DONTSTOP);

	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_fakewriter task stopping");
	rcutorture_shutdown_absorb("rcu_torture_fakewriter");
	while (!kthread_should_stop())
		schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * RCU torture reader from timer handler.  Dereferences rcu_torture_current,
 * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
 * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
 * RCU implementation is broken.
 */
static void rcu_torture_timer(unsigned long unused)
{
	int idx;
	int completed;
	static DEFINE_RCU_RANDOM(rand);
	static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(rand_lock);
	struct rcu_torture *p;
	int pipe_count;

	idx = cur_ops->readlock();
	completed = cur_ops->completed();
	p = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
				  rcu_read_lock_held() ||
				  rcu_read_lock_bh_held() ||
				  rcu_read_lock_sched_held() ||
				  srcu_read_lock_held(&srcu_ctl));
	if (p == NULL) {
		/* Leave because rcu_torture_writer is not yet underway */
		cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
		return;
	}
	if (p->rtort_mbtest == 0)
		atomic_inc(&n_rcu_torture_mberror);
	spin_lock(&rand_lock);
	cur_ops->read_delay(&rand);
	n_rcu_torture_timers++;
	spin_unlock(&rand_lock);
	preempt_disable();
	pipe_count = p->rtort_pipe_count;
	if (pipe_count > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
		/* Should not happen, but... */
		pipe_count = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
	}
	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_count[pipe_count]);
	completed = cur_ops->completed() - completed;
	if (completed > RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN) {
		/* Should not happen, but... */
		completed = RCU_TORTURE_PIPE_LEN;
	}
	__this_cpu_inc(rcu_torture_batch[completed]);
	preempt_enable();
	cur_ops->readunlock(idx);
}

/*
 * RCU torture reader kthread.  Repeatedly dereferences rcu_torture_current,
 * incrementing the corresponding element of the pipeline array.  The
 * counter in the element should never be greater than 1, otherwise, the
 * RCU implementation is broken.
 */
static int
rcu_torture_reader(void *arg)
{
	int completed;
	int idx;
	DEFINE_RCU_RANDOM(rand);
	struct rcu_torture *p;
	int pipe_count;
	struct timer_list t;

	VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("rcu_torture_reader task started");
	set_user_nice(current, 19);
	if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable)
		setup_timer_on_stack(&t, rcu_torture_timer, 0);

	do {
		if (irqreader && cur_ops->irq_capable) {
			if (!timer_pending(&t))
				mod_timer(&t, jiffies + 1);
		}
		idx = cur_ops->readlock();
		completed = cur_ops->completed();
		p = rcu_dereference_check(rcu_torture_current,
					  rcu_read_lock_held() ||
					  rcu_read_lock_bh_held() ||
					  rcu_read_lock_sched_held() ||
					  srcu_read_lock_held(&srcu_ctl));
		if (p == NULL) {
			/* Wait for rcu_torture_writer to get underway */