47 files changed, 148 insertions, 144 deletions

diff --git a/sound/pci/ad1889.c b/sound/pci/ad1889.c
index a7f38e63303..d1f242bd0ac 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ad1889.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ad1889.c
@@ -995,10 +995,10 @@ snd_ad1889_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
         }
 
         /* (2) */
-        card = snd_card_new(index[devno], id[devno], THIS_MODULE, 0);
+        err = snd_card_create(index[devno], id[devno], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
         /* XXX REVISIT: we can probably allocate chip in this call */
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         strcpy(card->driver, "AD1889");
         strcpy(card->shortname, "Analog Devices AD1889");
diff --git a/sound/pci/ali5451/ali5451.c b/sound/pci/ali5451/ali5451.c
index 1a0fd65ec28..b36c551da56 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ali5451/ali5451.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ali5451/ali5451.c
@@ -2307,9 +2307,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_ali_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
 
         snd_ali_printk("probe ...\n");
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         err = snd_ali_create(card, pci, pcm_channels, spdif, &codec);
         if (err < 0)
diff --git a/sound/pci/als300.c b/sound/pci/als300.c
index 8df6824b51c..f557c155db4 100644
--- a/sound/pci/als300.c
+++ b/sound/pci/als300.c
@@ -812,10 +812,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_als300_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         chip_type = pci_id->driver_data;
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/als4000.c b/sound/pci/als4000.c
index ba570053d4d..542a0c65a92 100644
--- a/sound/pci/als4000.c
+++ b/sound/pci/als4000.c
@@ -889,12 +889,13 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_als4000_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
         pci_write_config_word(pci, PCI_COMMAND, word | PCI_COMMAND_IO);
         pci_set_master(pci);
         
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 
-                            sizeof(*acard) /* private_data: acard */);
-        if (card == NULL) {
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 
+                              sizeof(*acard) /* private_data: acard */,
+                              &card);
+        if (err < 0) {
                 pci_release_regions(pci);
                 pci_disable_device(pci);
-                return -ENOMEM;
+                return err;
         }
 
         acard = card->private_data;
diff --git a/sound/pci/atiixp.c b/sound/pci/atiixp.c
index 226fe8237d3..9ce8548c03e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/atiixp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/atiixp.c
@@ -1645,9 +1645,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_atiixp_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
         struct atiixp *chip;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         strcpy(card->driver, spdif_aclink ? "ATIIXP" : "ATIIXP-SPDMA");
         strcpy(card->shortname, "ATI IXP");
diff --git a/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c b/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c
index 0e6e5cc1c50..c3136cccc55 100644
--- a/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c
+++ b/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c
@@ -1288,9 +1288,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_atiixp_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
         struct atiixp_modem *chip;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         strcpy(card->driver, "ATIIXP-MODEM");
         strcpy(card->shortname, "ATI IXP Modem");
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c
index a36d4d1fd41..9ec122383ee 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c
@@ -250,9 +250,9 @@ snd_vortex_probe(struct pci_dev *pci, const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
         // (2)
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         // (3)
         if ((err = snd_vortex_create(card, pci, &chip)) < 0) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c b/sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c
index 3f00ddf450f..eefcbf648ee 100644
--- a/sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c
+++ b/sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c
@@ -368,9 +368,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_aw2_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
         }
 
         /* (2) Create card instance */
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         /* (3) Create main component */
         err = snd_aw2_create(card, pci, &chip);
diff --git a/sound/pci/azt3328.c b/sound/pci/azt3328.c
index 333007c523a..1df96e76c48 100644
--- a/sound/pci/azt3328.c
+++ b/sound/pci/azt3328.c
@@ -2216,9 +2216,9 @@ snd_azf3328_probe(struct pci_dev *pci, const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         strcpy(card->driver, "AZF3328");
         strcpy(card->shortname, "Aztech AZF3328 (PCI168)");
diff --git a/sound/pci/bt87x.c b/sound/pci/bt87x.c
index 1aa1c040254..a299340519d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/bt87x.c
+++ b/sound/pci/bt87x.c
@@ -888,9 +888,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_bt87x_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         err = snd_bt87x_create(card, pci, &chip);
         if (err < 0)
diff --git a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c
index 0e62205d408..b116456e770 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c
@@ -1707,9 +1707,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_ca0106_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         err = snd_ca0106_create(dev, card, pci, &chip);
         if (err < 0)
diff --git a/sound/pci/cmipci.c b/sound/pci/cmipci.c
index 1a74ca62c31..c7899c32aba 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cmipci.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cmipci.c
@@ -3272,9 +3272,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cmipci_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         
         switch (pci->device) {
         case PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738:
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs4281.c b/sound/pci/cs4281.c
index 192e7842e18..b9b07f46463 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs4281.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs4281.c
@@ -1925,9 +1925,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs4281_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         if ((err = snd_cs4281_create(card, pci, &chip, dual_codec[dev])) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c
index e876b3263e4..c9b3e3d48cb 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_cs46xx_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         if ((err = snd_cs46xx_create(card, pci,
                                      external_amp[dev], thinkpad[dev],
                                      &chip)) < 0) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs5530.c b/sound/pci/cs5530.c
index 6dea5b5cc77..dc464321d0f 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs5530.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs5530.c
@@ -258,10 +258,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs5530_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         err = snd_cs5530_create(card, pci, &chip);
         if (err < 0) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c b/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c
index 826e6dec2e9..ac1d72e0a1e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c
@@ -353,9 +353,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_cs5535audio_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         if ((err = snd_cs5535audio_create(card, pci, &cs5535au)) < 0)
                 goto probefail_out;
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c
index 8dbc5c4ba42..9d015a76eb6 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c
@@ -1997,9 +1997,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_echo_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
 
         DE_INIT(("Echoaudio driver starting...\n"));
         i = 0;
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         snd_card_set_dev(card, &pci->dev);
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c
index 8354c1a8331..c7f3b994101 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c
@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_emu10k1_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         if (max_buffer_size[dev] < 32)
                 max_buffer_size[dev] = 32;
         else if (max_buffer_size[dev] > 1024)
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c
index 5ff4dbb62da..31542adc6b7 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c
@@ -1544,9 +1544,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_emu10k1x_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         if ((err = snd_emu10k1x_create(card, pci, &chip)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/pci/ens1370.c b/sound/pci/ens1370.c
index 9bf95367c88..e00614cbcef 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ens1370.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ens1370.c
@@ -2409,9 +2409,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_audiopci_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         if ((err = snd_ensoniq_create(card, pci, &ensoniq)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/pci/es1938.c b/sound/pci/es1938.c
index 4cd9a1faaec..34a78afc26d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/es1938.c
+++ b/sound/pci/es1938.c
@@ -1799,9 +1799,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_es1938_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         for (idx = 0; idx < 5; idx++) {
                 if (pci_resource_start(pci, idx) == 0 ||
                     !(pci_resource_flags(pci, idx) & IORESOURCE_IO)) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/es1968.c b/sound/pci/es1968.c
index e9c3794bbcb..dc97e811614 100644
--- a/sound/pci/es1968.c
+++ b/sound/pci/es1968.c
@@ -2645,9 +2645,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_es1968_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
                 
         if (total_bufsize[dev] < 128)
                 total_bufsize[dev] = 128;
diff --git a/sound/pci/fm801.c b/sound/pci/fm801.c
index c129f9e2072..60cdb9e0b68 100644
--- a/sound/pci/fm801.c
+++ b/sound/pci/fm801.c
@@ -1468,9 +1468,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_fm801_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         if ((err = snd_fm801_create(card, pci, tea575x_tuner[dev], &chip)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
                 return err;
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
index f04de115ee1..ad5df2ae6f7 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
@@ -2335,10 +2335,10 @@ static int __devinit azx_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (!card) {
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0) {
                 snd_printk(KERN_ERR SFX "Error creating card!\n");
-                return -ENOMEM;
+                return err;
         }
 
         err = azx_create(card, pci, dev, pci_id->driver_data, &chip);
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c
index 58d7cda03de..bab1c700f49 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c
@@ -2648,9 +2648,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_ice1712_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         strcpy(card->driver, "ICE1712");
         strcpy(card->shortname, "ICEnsemble ICE1712");
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c
index bb8d8c766b9..7ff36d3f0f4 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c
@@ -2456,9 +2456,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_vt1724_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         strcpy(card->driver, "ICE1724");
         strcpy(card->shortname, "ICEnsemble ICE1724");
diff --git a/sound/pci/intel8x0.c b/sound/pci/intel8x0.c
index 19d3391e229..671ff65db02 100644
--- a/sound/pci/intel8x0.c
+++ b/sound/pci/intel8x0.c
@@ -3058,9 +3058,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_intel8x0_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
         int err;
         struct shortname_table *name;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         if (spdif_aclink < 0)
                 spdif_aclink = check_default_spdif_aclink(pci);
diff --git a/sound/pci/intel8x0m.c b/sound/pci/intel8x0m.c
index 93449e46456..33a843c1931 100644
--- a/sound/pci/intel8x0m.c
+++ b/sound/pci/intel8x0m.c
@@ -1269,9 +1269,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_intel8x0m_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
         int err;
         struct shortname_table *name;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         strcpy(card->driver, "ICH-MODEM");
         strcpy(card->shortname, "Intel ICH");
diff --git a/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c b/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c
index 5f8006b4275..8b79969034b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c
+++ b/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c
@@ -2443,9 +2443,9 @@ snd_korg1212_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 dev++;
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         if ((err = snd_korg1212_create(card, pci, &korg1212)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/pci/maestro3.c b/sound/pci/maestro3.c
index 59bbaf8f3e5..70141548f25 100644
--- a/sound/pci/maestro3.c
+++ b/sound/pci/maestro3.c
@@ -2691,9 +2691,9 @@ snd_m3_probe(struct pci_dev *pci, const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         switch (pci->device) {
         case PCI_DEVICE_ID_ESS_ALLEGRO:
diff --git a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c
index f23a73577c2..bfc19e36c4b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c
+++ b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c
@@ -1365,12 +1365,12 @@ static int __devinit snd_mixart_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 else
                         idx = index[dev] + i;
                 snprintf(tmpid, sizeof(tmpid), "%s-%d", id[dev] ? id[dev] : "MIXART", i);
-                card = snd_card_new(idx, tmpid, THIS_MODULE, 0);
+                err = snd_card_create(idx, tmpid, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 
-                if (! card) {
+                if (err < 0) {
                         snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot allocate the card %d\n", i);
                         snd_mixart_free(mgr);
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+                        return err;
                 }
 
                 strcpy(card->driver, CARD_NAME);
diff --git a/sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c b/sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c
index 50c9f8a0508..522a040855d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c
+++ b/sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c
@@ -1668,9 +1668,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_nm256_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 }
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         switch (pci->device) {
         case PCI_DEVICE_ID_NEOMAGIC_NM256AV_AUDIO:
diff --git a/sound/pci/oxygen/oxygen_lib.c b/sound/pci/oxygen/oxygen_lib.c
index 84f481d41ef..9c81e0b0511 100644
--- a/sound/pci/oxygen/oxygen_lib.c
+++ b/sound/pci/oxygen/oxygen_lib.c
@@ -459,10 +459,10 @@ int oxygen_pci_probe(struct pci_dev *pci, int index, char *id,
         struct oxygen *chip;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, model->owner,
-                            sizeof *chip + model->model_data_size);
-        if (!card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, model->owner,
+                              sizeof(*chip) + model->model_data_size, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         chip = card->private_data;
         chip->card = card;
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c
index 27cf2c28d11..7f95459c8b1 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c
@@ -1510,12 +1510,12 @@ static int __devinit pcxhr_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
 
                 snprintf(tmpid, sizeof(tmpid), "%s-%d",
                          id[dev] ? id[dev] : card_name, i);
-                card = snd_card_new(idx, tmpid, THIS_MODULE, 0);
+                err = snd_card_create(idx, tmpid, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 
-                if (! card) {
+                if (err < 0) {
                         snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot allocate the card %d\n", i);
                         pcxhr_free(mgr);
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+                        return err;
                 }
 
                 strcpy(card->driver, DRIVER_NAME);
diff --git a/sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c b/sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c
index 3caacfb9d8e..6f1034417a0 100644
--- a/sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c
+++ b/sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c
@@ -2102,9 +2102,9 @@ snd_card_riptide_probe(struct pci_dev *pci, const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         if ((err = snd_riptide_create(card, pci, &chip)) < 0) {
                 snd_card_free(card);
                 return err;
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme32.c b/sound/pci/rme32.c
index e7ef3a1a25a..d7b966e7c4c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme32.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme32.c
@@ -1941,9 +1941,10 @@ snd_rme32_probe(struct pci_dev *pci, const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                 sizeof(struct rme32))) == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct rme32), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         card->private_free = snd_rme32_card_free;
         rme32 = (struct rme32 *) card->private_data;
         rme32->card = card;
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme96.c b/sound/pci/rme96.c
index 3fdd488d097..55fb1c131f5 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme96.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme96.c
@@ -2348,9 +2348,10 @@ snd_rme96_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 dev++;
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
-        if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                                 sizeof(struct rme96))) == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct rme96), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         card->private_free = snd_rme96_card_free;
         rme96 = (struct rme96 *)card->private_data;     
         rme96->card = card;
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c
index 44d0c15e2b7..05b3f795a16 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c
@@ -5158,8 +5158,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_hdsp_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        if (!(card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct hdsp))))
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct hdsp), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         hdsp = (struct hdsp *) card->private_data;
         card->private_free = snd_hdsp_card_free;
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
index 71231cf1b2b..d4b4e0d0fee 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
@@ -4503,10 +4503,10 @@ static int __devinit snd_hdspm_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev],
-                            THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct hdspm));
-        if (!card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev],
+                              THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct hdspm), &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         hdspm = card->private_data;
         card->private_free = snd_hdspm_card_free;
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c b/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c
index 2570907134d..bc539abb210 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c
@@ -2594,11 +2594,11 @@ static int __devinit snd_rme9652_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-                            sizeof(struct snd_rme9652));
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+                              sizeof(struct snd_rme9652), &card);
 
-        if (!card)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         rme9652 = (struct snd_rme9652 *) card->private_data;
         card->private_free = snd_rme9652_card_free;
diff --git a/sound/pci/sis7019.c b/sound/pci/sis7019.c
index df2007e3be7..baf6d8e3dab 100644
--- a/sound/pci/sis7019.c
+++ b/sound/pci/sis7019.c
@@ -1387,9 +1387,8 @@ static int __devinit snd_sis7019_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
         if (!enable)
                 goto error_out;
 
-        rc = -ENOMEM;
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(*sis));
-        if (!card)
+        rc = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(*sis), &card);
+        if (rc < 0)
                 goto error_out;
 
         strcpy(card->driver, "SiS7019");
diff --git a/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c b/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c
index cd408b86c83..c5601b0ad7c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c
+++ b/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c
@@ -1423,9 +1423,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_sonic_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
  
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
         for (idx = 0; idx < 5; idx++) {
                 if (pci_resource_start(pci, idx) == 0 ||
                     !(pci_resource_flags(pci, idx) & IORESOURCE_IO)) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/trident/trident.c b/sound/pci/trident/trident.c
index d94b16ffb38..21cef97d478 100644
--- a/sound/pci/trident/trident.c
+++ b/sound/pci/trident/trident.c
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_trident_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         if ((err = snd_trident_create(card, pci,
                                       pcm_channels[dev],
diff --git a/sound/pci/via82xx.c b/sound/pci/via82xx.c
index 1aafe956ee2..d8705547dae 100644
--- a/sound/pci/via82xx.c
+++ b/sound/pci/via82xx.c
@@ -2433,9 +2433,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_via82xx_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
         unsigned int i;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         card_type = pci_id->driver_data;
         switch (card_type) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c b/sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c
index 5bd79d2a5a1..c086b762c15 100644
--- a/sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c
+++ b/sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c
@@ -1167,9 +1167,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_via82xx_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
         unsigned int i;
         int err;
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         card_type = pci_id->driver_data;
         switch (card_type) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c b/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c
index acc352f4a44..fc9136c3e0d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c
+++ b/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c
@@ -204,9 +204,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_vx222_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         switch ((int)pci_id->driver_data) {
         case VX_PCI_VX222_OLD:
diff --git a/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c b/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c
index 2631a554845..4af66661f9b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c
@@ -187,9 +187,9 @@ static int __devinit snd_card_ymfpci_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
                 return -ENOENT;
         }
 
-        card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+        if (err < 0)
+                return err;
 
         switch (pci_id->device) {
         case 0x0004: str = "YMF724";  model = "DS-1"; break;