| Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Age |
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If there are a large number of NUMA hinting faults and all of them
are resulting in migrations it may indicate that memory is just
bouncing uselessly around. NUMA balancing cost is likely exceeding
any benefit from locality. Rate limit the PTE updates if the node
is migration rate-limited. As noted in the comments, this distorts
the NUMA faulting statistics.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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NOTE: This is very heavily based on similar logic in autonuma. It should
be signed off by Andrea but because there was no standalone
patch and it's sufficiently different from what he did that
the signed-off is omitted. Will be added back if requested.
If a large number of pages are misplaced then the memory bus can be
saturated just migrating pages between nodes. This patch rate-limits
the amount of memory that can be migrating between nodes.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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This defines the per-node data used by Migrate On Fault in order to
rate limit the migration. The rate limiting is applied independently
to each destination node.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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To say that the PMD handling code was incorrectly transferred from autonuma
is an understatement. The intention was to handle a PMDs worth of pages
in the same fault and effectively batch the taking of the PTL and page
migration. The copied version instead has the impact of clearing a number
of pte_numa PTE entries and whether any page migration takes place depends
on racing. This just happens to work in some cases.
This patch handles pte_numa faults in batch when a pmd_numa fault is
handled. The pages are migrated if they are currently misplaced.
Essentially this is making an assumption that NUMA locality is
on a PMD boundary but that could be addressed by only setting
pmd_numa if all the pages within that PMD are on the same node
if necessary.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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This is the simplest possible policy that still does something of note.
When a pte_numa is faulted, it is moved immediately. Any replacement
policy must at least do better than this and in all likelihood this
policy regresses normal workloads.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
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It is tricky to quantify the basic cost of automatic NUMA placement in a
meaningful manner. This patch adds some vmstats that can be used as part
of a basic costing model.
u = basic unit = sizeof(void *)
Ca = cost of struct page access = sizeof(struct page) / u
Cpte = Cost PTE access = Ca
Cupdate = Cost PTE update = (2 * Cpte) + (2 * Wlock)
where Cpte is incurred twice for a read and a write and Wlock
is a constant representing the cost of taking or releasing a
lock
Cnumahint = Cost of a minor page fault = some high constant e.g. 1000
Cpagerw = Cost to read or write a full page = Ca + PAGE_SIZE/u
Ci = Cost of page isolation = Ca + Wi
where Wi is a constant that should reflect the approximate cost
of the locking operation
Cpagecopy = Cpagerw + (Cpagerw * Wnuma) + Ci + (Ci * Wnuma)
where Wnuma is the approximate NUMA factor. 1 is local. 1.2
would imply that remote accesses are 20% more expensive
Balancing cost = Cpte * numa_pte_updates +
Cnumahint * numa_hint_faults +
Ci * numa_pages_migrated +
Cpagecopy * numa_pages_migrated
Note that numa_pages_migrated is used as a measure of how many pages
were isolated even though it would miss pages that failed to migrate. A
vmstat counter could have been added for it but the isolation cost is
pretty marginal in comparison to the overall cost so it seemed overkill.
The ideal way to measure automatic placement benefit would be to count
the number of remote accesses versus local accesses and do something like
benefit = (remote_accesses_before - remove_access_after) * Wnuma
but the information is not readily available. As a workload converges, the
expection would be that the number of remote numa hints would reduce to 0.
convergence = numa_hint_faults_local / numa_hint_faults
where this is measured for the last N number of
numa hints recorded. When the workload is fully
converged the value is 1.
This can measure if the placement policy is converging and how fast it is
doing it.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
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NOTE: This patch is based on "sched, numa, mm: Add fault driven
placement and migration policy" but as it throws away all the policy
to just leave a basic foundation I had to drop the signed-offs-by.
This patch creates a bare-bones method for setting PTEs pte_numa in the
context of the scheduler that when faulted later will be faulted onto the
node the CPU is running on. In itself this does nothing useful but any
placement policy will fundamentally depend on receiving hints on placement
from fault context and doing something intelligent about it.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
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The use of MPOL_NOOP and MPOL_MF_LAZY to allow an application to
explicitly request lazy migration is a good idea but the actual
API has not been well reviewed and once released we have to support it.
For now this patch prevents an application using the services. This
will need to be revisited.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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This patch converts change_prot_numa() to use change_protection(). As
pte_numa and friends check the PTE bits directly it is necessary for
change_protection() to use pmd_mknuma(). Hence the required
modifications to change_protection() are a little clumsy but the
end result is that most of the numa page table helpers are just one or
two instructions.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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NOTE: Once again there is a lot of patch stealing and the end result
is sufficiently different that I had to drop the signed-offs.
Will re-add if the original authors are ok with that.
This patch adds another mbind() flag to request "lazy migration". The
flag, MPOL_MF_LAZY, modifies MPOL_MF_MOVE* such that the selected
pages are marked PROT_NONE. The pages will be migrated in the fault
path on "first touch", if the policy dictates at that time.
"Lazy Migration" will allow testing of migrate-on-fault via mbind().
Also allows applications to specify that only subsequently touched
pages be migrated to obey new policy, instead of all pages in range.
This can be useful for multi-threaded applications working on a
large shared data area that is initialized by an initial thread
resulting in all pages on one [or a few, if overflowed] nodes.
After PROT_NONE, the pages in regions assigned to the worker threads
will be automatically migrated local to the threads on 1st touch.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
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Note: Based on "mm/mpol: Use special PROT_NONE to migrate pages" but
sufficiently different that the signed-off-bys were dropped
Combine our previous _PAGE_NUMA, mpol_misplaced and migrate_misplaced_page()
pieces into an effective migrate on fault scheme.
Note that (on x86) we rely on PROT_NONE pages being !present and avoid
the TLB flush from try_to_unmap(TTU_MIGRATION). This greatly improves the
page-migration performance.
Based-on-work-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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If we have to avoid migrating to a node that is nearly full, put page
and return zero.
Signed-off-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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Note: This was originally based on Peter's patch "mm/migrate: Introduce
migrate_misplaced_page()" but borrows extremely heavily from Andrea's
"autonuma: memory follows CPU algorithm and task/mm_autonuma stats
collection". The end result is barely recognisable so signed-offs
had to be dropped. If original authors are ok with it, I'll
re-add the signed-off-bys.
Add migrate_misplaced_page() which deals with migrating pages from
faults.
Based-on-work-by: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Based-on-work-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Based-on-work-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
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This patch provides a new function to test whether a page resides
on a node that is appropriate for the mempolicy for the vma and
address where the page is supposed to be mapped. This involves
looking up the node where the page belongs. So, the function
returns that node so that it may be used to allocated the page
without consulting the policy again.
A subsequent patch will call this function from the fault path.
Because of this, I don't want to go ahead and allocate the page, e.g.,
via alloc_page_vma() only to have to free it if it has the correct
policy. So, I just mimic the alloc_page_vma() node computation
logic--sort of.
Note: we could use this function to implement a MPOL_MF_STRICT
behavior when migrating pages to match mbind() mempolicy--e.g.,
to ensure that pages in an interleaved range are reinterleaved
rather than left where they are when they reside on any page in
the interleave nodemask.
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
[ Added MPOL_F_LAZY to trigger migrate-on-fault;
simplified code now that we don't have to bother
with special crap for interleaved ]
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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This patch augments the MPOL_MF_LAZY feature by adding a "NOOP" policy
to mbind(). When the NOOP policy is used with the 'MOVE and 'LAZY
flags, mbind() will map the pages PROT_NONE so that they will be
migrated on the next touch.
This allows an application to prepare for a new phase of operation
where different regions of shared storage will be assigned to
worker threads, w/o changing policy. Note that we could just use
"default" policy in this case. However, this also allows an
application to request that pages be migrated, only if necessary,
to follow any arbitrary policy that might currently apply to a
range of pages, without knowing the policy, or without specifying
multiple mbind()s for ranges with different policies.
[ Bug in early version of mpol_parse_str() reported by Fengguang Wu. ]
Bug-Reported-by: Reported-by: Fengguang Wu <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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Make MPOL_LOCAL a real and exposed policy such that applications that
relied on the previous default behaviour can explicitly request it.
Requested-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
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Note: This patch started as "mm/mpol: Create special PROT_NONE
infrastructure" and preserves the basic idea but steals *very*
heavily from "autonuma: numa hinting page faults entry points" for
the actual fault handlers without the migration parts. The end
result is barely recognisable as either patch so all Signed-off
and Reviewed-bys are dropped. If Peter, Ingo and Andrea are ok with
this version, I will re-add the signed-offs-by to reflect the history.
In order to facilitate a lazy -- fault driven -- migration of pages, create
a special transient PAGE_NUMA variant, we can then use the 'spurious'
protection faults to drive our migrations from.
The meaning of PAGE_NUMA depends on the architecture but on x86 it is
effectively PROT_NONE. Actual PROT_NONE mappings will not generate these
NUMA faults for the reason that the page fault code checks the permission on
the VMA (and will throw a segmentation fault on actual PROT_NONE mappings),
before it ever calls handle_mm_fault.
[dhillf@gmail.com: Fix typo]
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
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When we split a transparent hugepage, transfer the NUMA type from the
pmd to the pte if needed.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
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Introduce FOLL_NUMA to tell follow_page to check
pte/pmd_numa. get_user_pages must use FOLL_NUMA, and it's safe to do
so because it always invokes handle_mm_fault and retries the
follow_page later.
KVM secondary MMU page faults will trigger the NUMA hinting page
faults through gup_fast -> get_user_pages -> follow_page ->
handle_mm_fault.
Other follow_page callers like KSM should not use FOLL_NUMA, or they
would fail to get the pages if they use follow_page instead of
get_user_pages.
[ This patch was picked up from the AutoNUMA tree. ]
Originally-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
[ ported to this tree. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
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Compaction already has tracepoints to count scanned and isolated pages
but it requires that ftrace be enabled and if that information has to be
written to disk then it can be disruptive. This patch adds vmstat counters
for compaction called compact_migrate_scanned, compact_free_scanned and
compact_isolated.
With these counters, it is possible to define a basic cost model for
compaction. This approximates of how much work compaction is doing and can
be compared that with an oprofile showing TLB misses and see if the cost of
compaction is being offset by THP for example. Minimally a compaction patch
can be evaluated in terms of whether it increases or decreases cost. The
basic cost model looks like this
Fundamental unit u: a word sizeof(void *)
Ca = cost of struct page access = sizeof(struct page) / u
Cmc = Cost migrate page copy = (Ca + PAGE_SIZE/u) * 2
Cmf = Cost migrate failure = Ca * 2
Ci = Cost page isolation = (Ca + Wi)
where Wi is a constant that should reflect the approximate
cost of the locking operation.
Csm = Cost migrate scanning = Ca
Csf = Cost free scanning = Ca
Overall cost = (Csm * compact_migrate_scanned) +
(Csf * compact_free_scanned) +
(Ci * compact_isolated) +
(Cmc * pgmigrate_success) +
(Cmf * pgmigrate_failed)
Where the values are read from /proc/vmstat.
This is very basic and ignores certain costs such as the allocation cost
to do a migrate page copy but any improvement to the model would still
use the same vmstat counters.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
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The pgmigrate_success and pgmigrate_fail vmstat counters tells the user
about migration activity but not the type or the reason. This patch adds
a tracepoint to identify the type of page migration and why the page is
being migrated.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
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The compact_pages_moved and compact_pagemigrate_failed events are
convenient for determining if compaction is active and to what
degree migration is succeeding but it's at the wrong level. Other
users of migration may also want to know if migration is working
properly and this will be particularly true for any automated
NUMA migration. This patch moves the counters down to migration
with the new events called pgmigrate_success and pgmigrate_fail.
The compact_blocks_moved counter is removed because while it was
useful for debugging initially, it's worthless now as no meaningful
conclusions can be drawn from its value.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
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Reuse the NUMA code's 'modified page protections' count that
change_protection() computes and skip the TLB flush if there's
no changes to a range that sys_mprotect() modifies.
Given that mprotect() already optimizes the same-flags case
I expected this optimization to dominantly trigger on
CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING=y kernels - but even with that feature
disabled it triggers rather often.
There's two reasons for that:
1)
While sys_mprotect() already optimizes the same-flag case:
if (newflags == oldflags) {
*pprev = vma;
return 0;
}
and this test works in many cases, but it is too sharp in some
others, where it differentiates between protection values that the
underlying PTE format makes no distinction about, such as
PROT_EXEC == PROT_READ on x86.
2)
Even where the pte format over vma flag changes necessiates a
modification of the pagetables, there might be no pagetables
yet to modify: they might not be instantiated yet.
During a regular desktop bootup this optimization hits a couple
of hundred times. During a Java test I measured thousands of
hits.
So this optimization improves sys_mprotect() in general, not just
CONFIG_NUMA_BALANCING=y kernels.
[ We could further increase the efficiency of this optimization if
change_pte_range() and change_huge_pmd() was a bit smarter about
recognizing exact-same-value protection masks - when the hardware
can do that safely. This would probably further speed up mprotect(). ]
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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This will be used for three kinds of purposes:
- to optimize mprotect()
- to speed up working set scanning for working set areas that
have not been touched
- to more accurately scan per real working set
No change in functionality from this patch.
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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With transparent hugepage support, handle_mm_fault() has to be careful
that a normal PMD has been established before handling a PTE fault. To
achieve this, it used __pte_alloc() directly instead of pte_alloc_map
as pte_alloc_map is unsafe to run against a huge PMD. pte_offset_map()
is called once it is known the PMD is safe.
pte_alloc_map() is smart enough to check if a PTE is already present
before calling __pte_alloc but this check was lost. As a consequence,
PTEs may be allocated unnecessarily and the page table lock taken.
Thi useless PTE does get cleaned up but it's a performance hit which
is visible in page_test from aim9.
This patch simply re-adds the check normally done by pte_alloc_map to
check if the PTE needs to be allocated before taking the page table
lock. The effect is noticable in page_test from aim9.
AIM9
2.6.38-vanilla 2.6.38-checkptenone
creat-clo 446.10 ( 0.00%) 424.47 (-5.10%)
page_test 38.10 ( 0.00%) 42.04 ( 9.37%)
brk_test 52.45 ( 0.00%) 51.57 (-1.71%)
exec_test 382.00 ( 0.00%) 456.90 (16.39%)
fork_test 60.11 ( 0.00%) 67.79 (11.34%)
MMTests Statistics: duration
Total Elapsed Time (seconds) 611.90 612.22
(While this affects 2.6.38, it is a performance rather than a
functional bug and normally outside the rules -stable. While the big
performance differences are to a microbench, the difference in fork
and exec performance may be significant enough that -stable wants to
consider the patch)
Reported-by: Raz Ben Yehuda <raziebe@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
[ Picked this up from the AutoNUMA tree to help
it upstream and to allow apples-to-apples
performance comparisons. ]
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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If ptep_clear_flush() is called to clear a page table entry that is
accessible anyway by the CPU, eg. a _PAGE_PROTNONE page table entry,
there is no need to flush the TLB on remote CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-vm3rkzevahelwhejx5uwm8ex@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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The function ptep_set_access_flags is only ever used to upgrade
access permissions to a page. That means the only negative side
effect of not flushing remote TLBs is that other CPUs may incur
spurious page faults, if they happen to access the same address,
and still have a PTE with the old permissions cached in their
TLB.
Having another CPU maybe incur a spurious page fault is faster
than always incurring the cost of a remote TLB flush, so replace
the remote TLB flush with a purely local one.
This should be safe on every architecture that correctly
implements flush_tlb_fix_spurious_fault() to actually invalidate
the local TLB entry that caused a page fault, as well as on
architectures where the hardware invalidates TLB entries that
cause page faults.
In the unlikely event that you are hitting what appears to be
an infinite loop of page faults, and 'git bisect' took you to
this changeset, your architecture needs to implement
flush_tlb_fix_spurious_fault to actually flush the TLB entry.
Signed-off-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge misc VM changes from Andrew Morton:
"The rest of most-of-MM. The other MM bits await a slab merge.
This patch includes the addition of a huge zero_page. Not a
performance boost but it an save large amounts of physical memory in
some situations.
Also a bunch of Fujitsu engineers are working on memory hotplug.
Which, as it turns out, was badly broken. About half of their patches
are included here; the remainder are 3.8 material."
However, this merge disables CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE, which was totally
broken. We don't add new features with "default y", nor do we add
Kconfig questions that are incomprehensible to most people without any
help text. Does the feature even make sense without compaction or
memory hotplug?
* akpm: (54 commits)
mm/bootmem.c: remove unused wrapper function reserve_bootmem_generic()
mm/memory.c: remove unused code from do_wp_page()
asm-generic, mm: pgtable: consolidate zero page helpers
mm/hugetlb.c: fix warning on freeing hwpoisoned hugepage
hwpoison, hugetlbfs: fix RSS-counter warning
hwpoison, hugetlbfs: fix "bad pmd" warning in unmapping hwpoisoned hugepage
mm: protect against concurrent vma expansion
memcg: do not check for mm in __mem_cgroup_count_vm_event
tmpfs: support SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE (reprise)
mm: provide more accurate estimation of pages occupied by memmap
fs/buffer.c: remove redundant initialization in alloc_page_buffers()
fs/buffer.c: do not inline exported function
writeback: fix a typo in comment
mm: introduce new field "managed_pages" to struct zone
mm, oom: remove statically defined arch functions of same name
mm, oom: remove redundant sleep in pagefault oom handler
mm, oom: cleanup pagefault oom handler
memory_hotplug: allow online/offline memory to result movable node
numa: add CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE for movable-dedicated node
mm, memcg: avoid unnecessary function call when memcg is disabled
...
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reserve_bootmem_generic() has no caller,
Signed-off-by: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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page_mkwrite is initalized with zero and only set once, from that point
exists no way to get to the oom or oom_free_new labels.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup]
Signed-off-by: Dominik Dingel <dingel@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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We have two different implementation of is_zero_pfn() and my_zero_pfn()
helpers: for architectures with and without zero page coloring.
Let's consolidate them in <asm-generic/pgtable.h>.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Fix the warning from __list_del_entry() which is triggered when a process
tries to do free_huge_page() for a hwpoisoned hugepage.
free_huge_page() can be called for hwpoisoned hugepage from
unpoison_memory(). This function gets refcount once and clears
PageHWPoison, and then puts refcount twice to return the hugepage back to
free pool. The second put_page() finally reaches free_huge_page().
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Reviewed-by: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Memory error handling on hugepages can break a RSS counter, which emits a
message like "Bad rss-counter state mm:ffff88040abecac0 idx:1 val:-1".
This is because PageAnon returns true for hugepage (this behavior is
necessary for reverse mapping to work on hugetlbfs).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: clean up code layout]
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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When a process which used a hwpoisoned hugepage tries to exit() or
munmap(), the kernel can print out "bad pmd" message because page table
walker in free_pgtables() encounters 'hwpoisoned entry' on pmd.
This is because currently we fail to clear the hwpoisoned entry in
__unmap_hugepage_range(), so this patch simply does it.
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi.kleen@intel.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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expand_stack() runs with a shared mmap_sem lock. Because of this, there
could be multiple concurrent stack expansions in the same mm, which may
cause problems in the vma gap update code.
I propose to solve this by taking the mm->page_table_lock around such vma
expansions, in order to avoid the concurrency issue. We only have to
worry about concurrent expand_stack() calls here, since we hold a shared
mmap_sem lock and all vma modificaitons other than expand_stack() are done
under an exclusive mmap_sem lock.
I previously tried to achieve the same effect by making sure all growable
vmas in a given mm would share the same anon_vma, which we already lock
here. However this turned out to be difficult - all of the schemes I
tried for refcounting the growable anon_vma and clearing turned out ugly.
So, I'm now proposing only the minimal fix.
The overhead of taking the page table lock during stack expansion is
expected to be small: glibc doesn't use expandable stacks for the threads
it creates, so having multiple growable stacks is actually uncommon and we
don't expect the page table lock to get bounced between threads.
Signed-off-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The mm given to __mem_cgroup_count_vm_event() cannot be NULL because the
function is either called from the page fault path or vma->vm_mm is used.
So the check can be dropped.
The check was introduced by commit 456f998ec817 ("memcg: add the
pagefault count into memcg stats") because the originally proposed patch
used current->mm for shmem but this has been changed to vma->vm_mm later
on without the check being removed (thanks to Hugh for this
recollection).
Signed-off-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Ying Han <yinghan@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Revert 3.5's commit f21f8062201f ("tmpfs: revert SEEK_DATA and
SEEK_HOLE") to reinstate 4fb5ef089b28 ("tmpfs: support SEEK_DATA and
SEEK_HOLE"), with the intervening additional arg to
generic_file_llseek_size().
In 3.8, ext4 is expected to join btrfs, ocfs2 and xfs with proper
SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE support; and a good case has now been made for
it on tmpfs, so let's join the party.
It's quite easy for tmpfs to scan the radix_tree to support llseek's new
SEEK_DATA and SEEK_HOLE options: so add them while the minutiae are
still on my mind (in particular, the !PageUptodate-ness of pages
fallocated but still unwritten).
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning with CONFIG_TMPFS=n]
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jaegeuk Hanse <jaegeuk.hanse@gmail.com>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Zheng Liu <wenqing.lz@taobao.com>
Cc: Jeff liu <jeff.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
Cc: Josef Bacik <josef@redhat.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger@dilger.ca>
Cc: Marco Stornelli <marco.stornelli@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@fusionio.com>
Cc: Sunil Mushran <sunil.mushran@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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If SPARSEMEM is enabled, it won't build page structures for non-existing
pages (holes) within a zone, so provide a more accurate estimation of
pages occupied by memmap if there are bigger holes within the zone.
And pages for highmem zones' memmap will be allocated from lowmem, so
charge nr_kernel_pages for that.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: mark calc_memmap_size __paging_init]
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Maciej Rutecki <maciej.rutecki@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Clayton <chris2553@googlemail.com>
Cc: "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Tested-by: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Currently a zone's present_pages is calcuated as below, which is
inaccurate and may cause trouble to memory hotplug.
spanned_pages - absent_pages - memmap_pages - dma_reserve.
During fixing bugs caused by inaccurate zone->present_pages, we found
zone->present_pages has been abused. The field zone->present_pages may
have different meanings in different contexts:
1) pages existing in a zone.
2) pages managed by the buddy system.
For more discussions about the issue, please refer to:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2012/11/5/866
https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/1346751/
This patchset tries to introduce a new field named "managed_pages" to
struct zone, which counts "pages managed by the buddy system". And revert
zone->present_pages to count "physical pages existing in a zone", which
also keep in consistence with pgdat->node_present_pages.
We will set an initial value for zone->managed_pages in function
free_area_init_core() and will adjust it later if the initial value is
inaccurate.
For DMA/normal zones, the initial value is set to:
(spanned_pages - absent_pages - memmap_pages - dma_reserve)
Later zone->managed_pages will be adjusted to the accurate value when the
bootmem allocator frees all free pages to the buddy system in function
free_all_bootmem_node() and free_all_bootmem().
The bootmem allocator doesn't touch highmem pages, so highmem zones'
managed_pages is set to the accurate value "spanned_pages - absent_pages"
in function free_area_init_core() and won't be updated anymore.
This patch also adds a new field "managed_pages" to /proc/zoneinfo
and sysrq showmem.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: small comment tweaks]
Signed-off-by: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Maciej Rutecki <maciej.rutecki@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Chris Clayton <chris2553@googlemail.com>
Cc: "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Jianguo Wu <wujianguo@huawei.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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out_of_memory() will already cause current to schedule if it has not been
killed, so doing it again in pagefault_out_of_memory() is redundant.
Remove it.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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To lock the entire system from parallel oom killing, it's possible to pass
in a zonelist with all zones rather than using for_each_populated_zone()
for the iteration. This obsoletes try_set_system_oom() and
clear_system_oom() so that they can be removed.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Now, memory management can handle movable node or nodes which don't have
any normal memory, so we can dynamic configure and add movable node by:
online a ZONE_MOVABLE memory from a previous offline node
offline the last normal memory which result a non-normal-memory-node
movable-node is very important for power-saving, hardware partitioning and
high-available-system(hardware fault management).
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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We need a node which only contains movable memory. This feature is very
important for node hotplug. If a node has normal/highmem, the memory may
be used by the kernel and can't be offlined. If the node only contains
movable memory, we can offline the memory and the node.
All are prepared, we can actually introduce N_MEMORY.
add CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE make we can use it for movable-dedicated node
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix Kconfig text]
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Tested-by: Yasuaki Ishimatsu <isimatu.yasuaki@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Jiang Liu <jiang.liu@huawei.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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While profiling numa/core v16 with cgroup_disable=memory on the command
line, I noticed mem_cgroup_count_vm_event() still showed up as high as
0.60% in perftop.
This occurs because the function is called extremely often even when memcg
is disabled.
To fix this, inline the check for mem_cgroup_disabled() so we avoid the
unnecessary function call if memcg is disabled.
Signed-off-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Glauber Costa <glommer@parallels.com>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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During reviewing the source code, I found a comment which mention that
after f_op->mmap(), vma's start address can be changed. I didn't verify
that it is really possible, because there are so many f_op->mmap()
implementation. But if there are some mmap() which change vma's start
address, it is possible error situation, because we already prepare prev
vma, rb_link and rb_parent and these are related to original address.
So add WARN_ON_ONCE for finding that this situtation really happens.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Update nodemasks management for N_MEMORY.
[lliubbo@gmail.com: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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initialization
N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Since we introduced N_MEMORY, we update the initialization of node_states.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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N_HIGH_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has normal or high memory.
N_MEMORY stands for the nodes that has any memory.
The code here need to handle with the nodes which have memory, we should
use N_MEMORY instead.
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Wen Congyang <wency@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Cc: Lin Feng <linfeng@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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