litmus-rt-ext-res.git/tools/Makefile, branch EXT-RES

tools/gpio: add install section

2016-06-23T09:07:13+00:00

Allow user to call install target.

Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko 
Acked-by: Alexandre Courbot 
Tested-by: Alexandre Courbot 
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij

Merge tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm

2016-05-27T20:41:54+00:00

Pull second batch of KVM updates from Radim Krčmář:
 "General:

   - move kvm_stat tool from QEMU repo into tools/kvm/kvm_stat (kvm_stat
     had nothing to do with QEMU in the first place -- the tool only
     interprets debugfs)

   - expose per-vm statistics in debugfs and support them in kvm_stat
     (KVM always collected per-vm statistics, but they were summarised
     into global statistics)

  x86:

   - fix dynamic APICv (VMX was improperly configured and a guest could
     access host's APIC MSRs, CVE-2016-4440)

   - minor fixes

  ARM changes from Christoffer Dall:

   - new vgic reimplementation of our horribly broken legacy vgic
     implementation.  The two implementations will live side-by-side
     (with the new being the configured default) for one kernel release
     and then we'll remove the legacy one.

   - fix for a non-critical issue with virtual abort injection to guests"

* tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (70 commits)
  tools: kvm_stat: Add comments
  tools: kvm_stat: Introduce pid monitoring
  KVM: Create debugfs dir and stat files for each VM
  MAINTAINERS: Add kvm tools
  tools: kvm_stat: Powerpc related fixes
  tools: Add kvm_stat man page
  tools: Add kvm_stat vm monitor script
  kvm:vmx: more complete state update on APICv on/off
  KVM: SVM: Add more SVM_EXIT_REASONS
  KVM: Unify traced vector format
  svm: bitwise vs logical op typo
  KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Synchronize changes to active state
  KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: enable build
  KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: implement mapped IRQ handling
  KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Wire up irqfd injection
  KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: Add vgic_v2/v3_enable
  KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_init: implement map_resources
  KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_init: implement vgic_init
  KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_init: implement vgic_create
  KVM: arm/arm64: vgic-new: vgic_init: implement kvm_vgic_hyp_init
  ...

tools: Add kvm_stat vm monitor script

2016-05-25T14:12:03+00:00

This tool displays kvm vm exit statistics to ease vm monitoring. It
takes its data from the kvm debugfs files or the vm tracepoints and
outputs them as a curses ui or simple text.

It was moved from qemu, as it is dependent on the kernel whereas qemu
works with a large number of kernel versions, some of which may break
the script.

Signed-off-by: Janosch Frank 
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini

tools build: Fix perf_clean target

2016-04-25T20:59:36+00:00

Fix perf_clean target to follow the same logic as perf target.

Fixes the following make invokation:

  $ cd  && make tools/perf_clean

Reported-by: TJ 
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa 
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo 
Cc: David Ahern 
Cc: Namhyung Kim 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Bugzilla: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=116411
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1461615438-27894-2-git-send-email-jolsa@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo

Merge branch 'core-objtool-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

2016-03-21T01:23:21+00:00

Pull 'objtool' stack frame validation from Ingo Molnar:
 "This tree adds a new kernel build-time object file validation feature
  (ONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION=y): kernel stack frame correctness validation.
  It was written by and is maintained by Josh Poimboeuf.

  The motivation: there's a category of hard to find kernel bugs, most
  of them in assembly code (but also occasionally in C code), that
  degrades the quality of kernel stack dumps/backtraces.  These bugs are
  hard to detect at the source code level.  Such bugs result in
  incorrect/incomplete backtraces most of time - but can also in some
  rare cases result in crashes or other undefined behavior.

  The build time correctness checking is done via the new 'objtool'
  user-space utility that was written for this purpose and which is
  hosted in the kernel repository in tools/objtool/.  The tool's (very
  simple) UI and source code design is shaped after Git and perf and
  shares quite a bit of infrastructure with tools/perf (which tooling
  infrastructure sharing effort got merged via perf and is already
  upstream).  Objtool follows the well-known kernel coding style.

  Objtool does not try to check .c or .S files, it instead analyzes the
  resulting .o generated machine code from first principles: it decodes
  the instruction stream and interprets it.  (Right now objtool supports
  the x86-64 architecture.)

  From tools/objtool/Documentation/stack-validation.txt:

   "The kernel CONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION option enables a host tool named
    objtool which runs at compile time.  It has a "check" subcommand
    which analyzes every .o file and ensures the validity of its stack
    metadata.  It enforces a set of rules on asm code and C inline
    assembly code so that stack traces can be reliable.

    Currently it only checks frame pointer usage, but there are plans to
    add CFI validation for C files and CFI generation for asm files.

    For each function, it recursively follows all possible code paths
    and validates the correct frame pointer state at each instruction.

    It also follows code paths involving special sections, like
    .altinstructions, __jump_table, and __ex_table, which can add
    alternative execution paths to a given instruction (or set of
    instructions).  Similarly, it knows how to follow switch statements,
    for which gcc sometimes uses jump tables."

  When this new kernel option is enabled (it's disabled by default), the
  tool, if it finds any suspicious assembly code pattern, outputs
  warnings in compiler warning format:

    warning: objtool: rtlwifi_rate_mapping()+0x2e7: frame pointer state mismatch
    warning: objtool: cik_tiling_mode_table_init()+0x6ce: call without frame pointer save/setup
    warning: objtool:__schedule()+0x3c0: duplicate frame pointer save
    warning: objtool:__schedule()+0x3fd: sibling call from callable instruction with changed frame pointer

  ... so that scripts that pick up compiler warnings will notice them.
  All known warnings triggered by the tool are fixed by the tree, most
  of the commits in fact prepare the kernel to be warning-free.  Most of
  them are bugfixes or cleanups that stand on their own, but there are
  also some annotations of 'special' stack frames for justified cases
  such entries to JIT-ed code (BPF) or really special boot time code.

  There are two other long-term motivations behind this tool as well:

   - To improve the quality and reliability of kernel stack frames, so
     that they can be used for optimized live patching.

   - To create independent infrastructure to check the correctness of
     CFI stack frames at build time.  CFI debuginfo is notoriously
     unreliable and we cannot use it in the kernel as-is without extra
     checking done both on the kernel side and on the build side.

  The quality of kernel stack frames matters to debuggability as well,
  so IMO we can merge this without having to consider the live patching
  or CFI debuginfo angle"

* 'core-objtool-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (52 commits)
  objtool: Only print one warning per function
  objtool: Add several performance improvements
  tools: Copy hashtable.h into tools directory
  objtool: Fix false positive warnings for functions with multiple switch statements
  objtool: Rename some variables and functions
  objtool: Remove superflous INIT_LIST_HEAD
  objtool: Add helper macros for traversing instructions
  objtool: Fix false positive warnings related to sibling calls
  objtool: Compile with debugging symbols
  objtool: Detect infinite recursion
  objtool: Prevent infinite recursion in noreturn detection
  objtool: Detect and warn if libelf is missing and don't break the build
  tools: Support relative directory path for 'O='
  objtool: Support CROSS_COMPILE
  x86/asm/decoder: Use explicitly signed chars
  objtool: Enable stack metadata validation on 64-bit x86
  objtool: Add CONFIG_STACK_VALIDATION option
  objtool: Add tool to perform compile-time stack metadata validation
  x86/kprobes: Mark kretprobe_trampoline() stack frame as non-standard
  sched: Always inline context_switch()
  ...

objtool: Add tool to perform compile-time stack metadata validation

2016-02-29T07:35:12+00:00

This adds a host tool named objtool which has a "check" subcommand which
analyzes .o files to ensure the validity of stack metadata.  It enforces
a set of rules on asm code and C inline assembly code so that stack
traces can be reliable.

For each function, it recursively follows all possible code paths and
validates the correct frame pointer state at each instruction.

It also follows code paths involving kernel special sections, like
.altinstructions, __jump_table, and __ex_table, which can add
alternative execution paths to a given instruction (or set of
instructions).  Similarly, it knows how to follow switch statements, for
which gcc sometimes uses jump tables.

Here are some of the benefits of validating stack metadata:

a) More reliable stack traces for frame pointer enabled kernels

   Frame pointers are used for debugging purposes.  They allow runtime
   code and debug tools to be able to walk the stack to determine the
   chain of function call sites that led to the currently executing
   code.

   For some architectures, frame pointers are enabled by
   CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER.  For some other architectures they may be
   required by the ABI (sometimes referred to as "backchain pointers").

   For C code, gcc automatically generates instructions for setting up
   frame pointers when the -fno-omit-frame-pointer option is used.

   But for asm code, the frame setup instructions have to be written by
   hand, which most people don't do.  So the end result is that
   CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER is honored for C code but not for most asm code.

   For stack traces based on frame pointers to be reliable, all
   functions which call other functions must first create a stack frame
   and update the frame pointer.  If a first function doesn't properly
   create a stack frame before calling a second function, the *caller*
   of the first function will be skipped on the stack trace.

   For example, consider the following example backtrace with frame
   pointers enabled:

     [] dump_stack+0x4b/0x63
     [] cmdline_proc_show+0x12/0x30
     [] seq_read+0x108/0x3e0
     [] proc_reg_read+0x42/0x70
     [] __vfs_read+0x37/0x100
     [] vfs_read+0x86/0x130
     [] SyS_read+0x58/0xd0
     [] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x76

   It correctly shows that the caller of cmdline_proc_show() is
   seq_read().

   If we remove the frame pointer logic from cmdline_proc_show() by
   replacing the frame pointer related instructions with nops, here's
   what it looks like instead:

     [] dump_stack+0x4b/0x63
     [] cmdline_proc_show+0x12/0x30
     [] proc_reg_read+0x42/0x70
     [] __vfs_read+0x37/0x100
     [] vfs_read+0x86/0x130
     [] SyS_read+0x58/0xd0
     [] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x76

   Notice that cmdline_proc_show()'s caller, seq_read(), has been
   skipped.  Instead the stack trace seems to show that
   cmdline_proc_show() was called by proc_reg_read().

   The benefit of "objtool check" here is that because it ensures that
   *all* functions honor CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER, no functions will ever[*]
   be skipped on a stack trace.

   [*] unless an interrupt or exception has occurred at the very
       beginning of a function before the stack frame has been created,
       or at the very end of the function after the stack frame has been
       destroyed.  This is an inherent limitation of frame pointers.

b) 100% reliable stack traces for DWARF enabled kernels

   This is not yet implemented.  For more details about what is planned,
   see tools/objtool/Documentation/stack-validation.txt.

c) Higher live patching compatibility rate

   This is not yet implemented.  For more details about what is planned,
   see tools/objtool/Documentation/stack-validation.txt.

To achieve the validation, "objtool check" enforces the following rules:

1. Each callable function must be annotated as such with the ELF
   function type.  In asm code, this is typically done using the
   ENTRY/ENDPROC macros.  If objtool finds a return instruction
   outside of a function, it flags an error since that usually indicates
   callable code which should be annotated accordingly.

   This rule is needed so that objtool can properly identify each
   callable function in order to analyze its stack metadata.

2. Conversely, each section of code which is *not* callable should *not*
   be annotated as an ELF function.  The ENDPROC macro shouldn't be used
   in this case.

   This rule is needed so that objtool can ignore non-callable code.
   Such code doesn't have to follow any of the other rules.

3. Each callable function which calls another function must have the
   correct frame pointer logic, if required by CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER or
   the architecture's back chain rules.  This can by done in asm code
   with the FRAME_BEGIN/FRAME_END macros.

   This rule ensures that frame pointer based stack traces will work as
   designed.  If function A doesn't create a stack frame before calling
   function B, the _caller_ of function A will be skipped on the stack
   trace.

4. Dynamic jumps and jumps to undefined symbols are only allowed if:

   a) the jump is part of a switch statement; or

   b) the jump matches sibling call semantics and the frame pointer has
      the same value it had on function entry.

   This rule is needed so that objtool can reliably analyze all of a
   function's code paths.  If a function jumps to code in another file,
   and it's not a sibling call, objtool has no way to follow the jump
   because it only analyzes a single file at a time.

5. A callable function may not execute kernel entry/exit instructions.
   The only code which needs such instructions is kernel entry code,
   which shouldn't be be in callable functions anyway.

   This rule is just a sanity check to ensure that callable functions
   return normally.

It currently only supports x86_64.  I tried to make the code generic so
that support for other architectures can hopefully be plugged in
relatively easily.

On my Lenovo laptop with a i7-4810MQ 4-core/8-thread CPU, building the
kernel with objtool checking every .o file adds about three seconds of
total build time.  It hasn't been optimized for performance yet, so
there are probably some opportunities for better build performance.

Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf 
Cc: Andrew Morton 
Cc: Andy Lutomirski 
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo 
Cc: Bernd Petrovitsch 
Cc: Borislav Petkov 
Cc: Chris J Arges 
Cc: Jiri Slaby 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Michal Marek 
Cc: Namhyung Kim 
Cc: Pedro Alves 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/f3efb173de43bd067b060de73f856567c0fa1174.1456719558.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar

tools/gpio: create GPIO tools

2016-02-09T10:09:48+00:00

This creates GPIO tools under tools/gpio/* and adds a single
example program to list the GPIOs on a system. When proper
devices are created it provides this minimal output:

Cc: Johan Hovold 
Cc: Michael Welling 
Cc: Markus Pargmann 
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij

Merge branch 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

2016-01-14T19:39:09+00:00

Pull perf fixes from Ingo Molnar:
 "Tooling fixes, the biggest patch is one that decouples the kernel's
  list.h from tooling list.h"

* 'perf-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (23 commits)
  perf tools: Fallback to srcdir/Documentation/tips.txt
  perf ui/tui: Print helpline message as is
  perf tools: Set and pass DOCDIR to builtin-report.c
  perf tools: Add file_only config option to strlist
  perf tools: Add more usage tips
  perf record: Add --buildid-all option
  tools subcmd: Add missing NORETURN define for parse-options.h
  tools: Fix formatting of the "make -C tools" help message
  tools: Make list.h self-sufficient
  perf tools: Fix mmap2 event allocation in synthesize code
  perf stat: Fix recort_usage typo
  perf test: Reset err after using it hold errcode in hist testcases
  perf test: Fix false TEST_OK result for 'perf test hist'
  tools build: Add BPF feature check to test-all
  perf bpf: Fix build breakage due to libbpf
  tools: Move Makefile.arch from perf/config to tools/scripts
  perf tools: Fix PowerPC native building
  perf tools: Fix phony build target for build-test
  perf tools: Add -lutil in python lib list for broken python-config
  perf tools: Add missing sources to perf's MANIFEST
  ...

Merge tag 'spi-v4.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/spi

2016-01-13T19:38:27+00:00

Pull spi updates from Mark Brown:
 "A quiet release for SPI, not even many driver updates:

   - Add a dummy loopback driver for use in exercising framework
     features during development.

   - Move the test utilities to tools/ and add support for transferring
     data to and from a file instead of stdin and stdout to spidev_test.

   - Support for Mediatek MT2701 and Renesas AG5 deices"

* tag 'spi-v4.5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/broonie/spi: (69 commits)
  spi: loopback: fix typo in MODULE_PARM_DESC
  spi: sun4i: Prevent chip-select from being activated twice before a transfer
  spi: loopback-test: spi_check_rx_ranges can get always done
  spi: loopback-test: rename method spi_test_fill_tx to spi_test_fill_pattern
  spi: loopback-test: write rx pattern also when running without tx_buf
  spi: fsl-espi: expose maximum transfer size limit
  spi: expose master transfer size limitation.
  spi: zynq: use to_platform_device()
  spi: cadence: use to_platform_device()
  spi: mediatek: Add spi support for mt2701 IC
  spi: mediatek: merge all identical compat to mtk_common_compat
  spi: mtk: Add bindings for mediatek MT2701 soc platform
  spi: mediatek: Prevent overflows in FIFO transfers
  spi: s3c64xx: Remove unused platform_device_id entries
  spi: use to_spi_device
  spi: dw: Use SPI_TMOD_TR rather than magic const 0 to set tmode
  spi: imx: defer spi initialization, if DMA engine is
  spi: imx: return error from dma channel request
  spi: imx: enable loopback only for ECSPI controller family
  spi: imx: fix loopback mode setup after controller reset
  ...

tools: Fix formatting of the "make -C tools" help message

2016-01-12T15:42:07+00:00

Align the x86_energy_perf_policy line with the others and restore the
original alphabetical sorting.

Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf 
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" 
Cc: Andi Kleen 
Cc: Andrew Morton 
Cc: Andy Lutomirski 
Cc: Bernd Petrovitsch 
Cc: Borislav Petkov 
Cc: Chris J Arges 
Cc: Jiri Slaby 
Cc: Linus Torvalds 
Cc: Michal Marek 
Cc: Namhyung Kim 
Cc: Pedro Alves 
Cc: Peter Zijlstra 
Cc: Thomas Gleixner 
Cc: live-patching@vger.kernel.org
Cc: x86@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/572931227adbf1fc9ca96e1dae3ef2e89387feca.1450442274.git.jpoimboe@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo