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1 | ======= | ||
2 | dm-zero | ||
3 | ======= | ||
4 | |||
5 | Device-Mapper's "zero" target provides a block-device that always returns | ||
6 | zero'd data on reads and silently drops writes. This is similar behavior to | ||
7 | /dev/zero, but as a block-device instead of a character-device. | ||
8 | |||
9 | Dm-zero has no target-specific parameters. | ||
10 | |||
11 | One very interesting use of dm-zero is for creating "sparse" devices in | ||
12 | conjunction with dm-snapshot. A sparse device reports a device-size larger | ||
13 | than the amount of actual storage space available for that device. A user can | ||
14 | write data anywhere within the sparse device and read it back like a normal | ||
15 | device. Reads to previously unwritten areas will return a zero'd buffer. When | ||
16 | enough data has been written to fill up the actual storage space, the sparse | ||
17 | device is deactivated. This can be very useful for testing device and | ||
18 | filesystem limitations. | ||
19 | |||
20 | To create a sparse device, start by creating a dm-zero device that's the | ||
21 | desired size of the sparse device. For this example, we'll assume a 10TB | ||
22 | sparse device:: | ||
23 | |||
24 | TEN_TERABYTES=`expr 10 \* 1024 \* 1024 \* 1024 \* 2` # 10 TB in sectors | ||
25 | echo "0 $TEN_TERABYTES zero" | dmsetup create zero1 | ||
26 | |||
27 | Then create a snapshot of the zero device, using any available block-device as | ||
28 | the COW device. The size of the COW device will determine the amount of real | ||
29 | space available to the sparse device. For this example, we'll assume /dev/sdb1 | ||
30 | is an available 10GB partition:: | ||
31 | |||
32 | echo "0 $TEN_TERABYTES snapshot /dev/mapper/zero1 /dev/sdb1 p 128" | \ | ||
33 | dmsetup create sparse1 | ||
34 | |||
35 | This will create a 10TB sparse device called /dev/mapper/sparse1 that has | ||
36 | 10GB of actual storage space available. If more than 10GB of data is written | ||
37 | to this device, it will start returning I/O errors. | ||