summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>2016-09-21 08:51:11 -0400
committerMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>2016-10-24 06:12:35 -0400
commit9d85025b0418163fae079c9ba8f8445212de8568 (patch)
tree4629e2dedf4a9ed45a6855c129101f9b52138372 /Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst
parent186128f75392f8478ad1b32a675627d738881ca4 (diff)
docs-rst: create an user's manual book
Place README, REPORTING-BUGS, SecurityBugs and kernel-parameters on an user's manual book. As we'll be numbering the user's manual, remove the manual numbering from SecurityBugs. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@s-opensource.com>
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst3350
1 files changed, 3350 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b29555041531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/devices.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3350 @@
1
2Linux allocated devices (4.x+ version)
3======================================
4
5This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocated
6device numbers and ``/dev`` directory nodes for the Linux operating
7system.
8
9The LaTeX version of this document is no longer maintained, nor is
10the document that used to reside at lanana.org. This version in the
11mainline Linux kernel is the master document. Updates shall be sent
12as patches to the kernel maintainers (see the
13:ref:`Documentation/SubmittingPatches <submittingpatches>` document).
14Specifically explore the sections titled "CHAR and MISC DRIVERS", and
15"BLOCK LAYER" in the MAINTAINERS file to find the right maintainers
16to involve for character and block devices.
17
18This document is included by reference into the Filesystem Hierarchy
19Standard (FHS). The FHS is available from http://www.pathname.com/fhs/.
20
21Allocations marked (68k/Amiga) apply to Linux/68k on the Amiga
22platform only. Allocations marked (68k/Atari) apply to Linux/68k on
23the Atari platform only.
24
25This document is in the public domain. The authors requests, however,
26that semantically altered versions are not distributed without
27permission of the authors, assuming the authors can be contacted without
28an unreasonable effort.
29
30
31.. attention::
32
33 DEVICE DRIVERS AUTHORS PLEASE READ THIS
34
35 Linux now has extensive support for dynamic allocation of device numbering
36 and can use ``sysfs`` and ``udev`` (``systemd``) to handle the naming needs.
37 There are still some exceptions in the serial and boot device area. Before
38 asking for a device number make sure you actually need one.
39
40 To have a major number allocated, or a minor number in situations
41 where that applies (e.g. busmice), please submit a patch and send to
42 the authors as indicated above.
43
44 Keep the description of the device *in the same format
45 as this list*. The reason for this is that it is the only way we have
46 found to ensure we have all the requisite information to publish your
47 device and avoid conflicts.
48
49 Finally, sometimes we have to play "namespace police." Please don't be
50 offended. We often get submissions for ``/dev`` names that would be bound
51 to cause conflicts down the road. We are trying to avoid getting in a
52 situation where we would have to suffer an incompatible forward
53 change. Therefore, please consult with us **before** you make your
54 device names and numbers in any way public, at least to the point
55 where it would be at all difficult to get them changed.
56
57 Your cooperation is appreciated.
58
59::
60
61 0 Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts)
62 0 = reserved as null device number
63 See block major 144, 145, 146 for expansion areas.
64
65 1 char Memory devices
66 1 = /dev/mem Physical memory access
67 2 = /dev/kmem Kernel virtual memory access
68 3 = /dev/null Null device
69 4 = /dev/port I/O port access
70 5 = /dev/zero Null byte source
71 6 = /dev/core OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore
72 7 = /dev/full Returns ENOSPC on write
73 8 = /dev/random Nondeterministic random number gen.
74 9 = /dev/urandom Faster, less secure random number gen.
75 10 = /dev/aio Asynchronous I/O notification interface
76 11 = /dev/kmsg Writes to this come out as printk's, reads
77 export the buffered printk records.
78 12 = /dev/oldmem OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/vmcore
79
80 1 block RAM disk
81 0 = /dev/ram0 First RAM disk
82 1 = /dev/ram1 Second RAM disk
83 ...
84 250 = /dev/initrd Initial RAM disk
85
86 Older kernels had /dev/ramdisk (1, 1) here.
87 /dev/initrd refers to a RAM disk which was preloaded
88 by the boot loader; newer kernels use /dev/ram0 for
89 the initrd.
90
91 2 char Pseudo-TTY masters
92 0 = /dev/ptyp0 First PTY master
93 1 = /dev/ptyp1 Second PTY master
94 ...
95 255 = /dev/ptyef 256th PTY master
96
97 Pseudo-tty's are named as follows:
98 * Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty";
99 * the fourth letter is one of pqrstuvwxyzabcde indicating
100 the 1st through 16th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and
101 * the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating
102 the position within the series.
103
104 These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
105 devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTY
106 master multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY on
107 demand.
108
109 2 block Floppy disks
110 0 = /dev/fd0 Controller 0, drive 0, autodetect
111 1 = /dev/fd1 Controller 0, drive 1, autodetect
112 2 = /dev/fd2 Controller 0, drive 2, autodetect
113 3 = /dev/fd3 Controller 0, drive 3, autodetect
114 128 = /dev/fd4 Controller 1, drive 0, autodetect
115 129 = /dev/fd5 Controller 1, drive 1, autodetect
116 130 = /dev/fd6 Controller 1, drive 2, autodetect
117 131 = /dev/fd7 Controller 1, drive 3, autodetect
118
119 To specify format, add to the autodetect device number:
120 0 = /dev/fd? Autodetect format
121 4 = /dev/fd?d360 5.25" 360K in a 360K drive(1)
122 20 = /dev/fd?h360 5.25" 360K in a 1200K drive(1)
123 48 = /dev/fd?h410 5.25" 410K in a 1200K drive
124 64 = /dev/fd?h420 5.25" 420K in a 1200K drive
125 24 = /dev/fd?h720 5.25" 720K in a 1200K drive
126 80 = /dev/fd?h880 5.25" 880K in a 1200K drive(1)
127 8 = /dev/fd?h1200 5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1)
128 40 = /dev/fd?h1440 5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1)
129 56 = /dev/fd?h1476 5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive
130 72 = /dev/fd?h1494 5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive
131 92 = /dev/fd?h1600 5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1)
132
133 12 = /dev/fd?u360 3.5" 360K Double Density(2)
134 16 = /dev/fd?u720 3.5" 720K Double Density(1)
135 120 = /dev/fd?u800 3.5" 800K Double Density(2)
136 52 = /dev/fd?u820 3.5" 820K Double Density
137 68 = /dev/fd?u830 3.5" 830K Double Density
138 84 = /dev/fd?u1040 3.5" 1040K Double Density(1)
139 88 = /dev/fd?u1120 3.5" 1120K Double Density(1)
140 28 = /dev/fd?u1440 3.5" 1440K High Density(1)
141 124 = /dev/fd?u1600 3.5" 1600K High Density(1)
142 44 = /dev/fd?u1680 3.5" 1680K High Density(3)
143 60 = /dev/fd?u1722 3.5" 1722K High Density
144 76 = /dev/fd?u1743 3.5" 1743K High Density
145 96 = /dev/fd?u1760 3.5" 1760K High Density
146 116 = /dev/fd?u1840 3.5" 1840K High Density(3)
147 100 = /dev/fd?u1920 3.5" 1920K High Density(1)
148 32 = /dev/fd?u2880 3.5" 2880K Extra Density(1)
149 104 = /dev/fd?u3200 3.5" 3200K Extra Density
150 108 = /dev/fd?u3520 3.5" 3520K Extra Density
151 112 = /dev/fd?u3840 3.5" 3840K Extra Density(1)
152
153 36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete?
154
155 (1) Autodetectable format
156 (2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only
157 (3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive only
158
159 NOTE: The letter in the device name (d, q, h or u)
160 signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d),
161 5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5"
162 (any model, u). The use of the capital letters D, H
163 and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since
164 the drive type is insignificant for these devices.
165
166 3 char Pseudo-TTY slaves
167 0 = /dev/ttyp0 First PTY slave
168 1 = /dev/ttyp1 Second PTY slave
169 ...
170 255 = /dev/ttyef 256th PTY slave
171
172 These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
173 devices are on major 136 and above.
174
175 3 block First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
176 0 = /dev/hda Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
177 64 = /dev/hdb Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
178
179 For partitions, add to the whole disk device number:
180 0 = /dev/hd? Whole disk
181 1 = /dev/hd?1 First partition
182 2 = /dev/hd?2 Second partition
183 ...
184 63 = /dev/hd?63 63rd partition
185
186 For Linux/i386, partitions 1-4 are the primary
187 partitions, and 5 and above are logical partitions.
188 Other versions of Linux use partitioning schemes
189 appropriate to their respective architectures.
190
191 4 char TTY devices
192 0 = /dev/tty0 Current virtual console
193
194 1 = /dev/tty1 First virtual console
195 ...
196 63 = /dev/tty63 63rd virtual console
197 64 = /dev/ttyS0 First UART serial port
198 ...
199 255 = /dev/ttyS191 192nd UART serial port
200
201 UART serial ports refer to 8250/16450/16550 series devices.
202
203 Older versions of the Linux kernel used this major
204 number for BSD PTY devices. As of Linux 2.1.115, this
205 is no longer supported. Use major numbers 2 and 3.
206
207 4 block Aliases for dynamically allocated major devices to be used
208 when its not possible to create the real device nodes
209 because the root filesystem is mounted read-only.
210
211 0 = /dev/root
212
213 5 char Alternate TTY devices
214 0 = /dev/tty Current TTY device
215 1 = /dev/console System console
216 2 = /dev/ptmx PTY master multiplex
217 3 = /dev/ttyprintk User messages via printk TTY device
218 64 = /dev/cua0 Callout device for ttyS0
219 ...
220 255 = /dev/cua191 Callout device for ttyS191
221
222 (5,1) is /dev/console starting with Linux 2.1.71. See
223 the section on terminal devices for more information
224 on /dev/console.
225
226 6 char Parallel printer devices
227 0 = /dev/lp0 Parallel printer on parport0
228 1 = /dev/lp1 Parallel printer on parport1
229 ...
230
231 Current Linux kernels no longer have a fixed mapping
232 between parallel ports and I/O addresses. Instead,
233 they are redirected through the parport multiplex layer.
234
235 7 char Virtual console capture devices
236 0 = /dev/vcs Current vc text contents
237 1 = /dev/vcs1 tty1 text contents
238 ...
239 63 = /dev/vcs63 tty63 text contents
240 128 = /dev/vcsa Current vc text/attribute contents
241 129 = /dev/vcsa1 tty1 text/attribute contents
242 ...
243 191 = /dev/vcsa63 tty63 text/attribute contents
244
245 NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access.
246
247 7 block Loopback devices
248 0 = /dev/loop0 First loop device
249 1 = /dev/loop1 Second loop device
250 ...
251
252 The loop devices are used to mount filesystems not
253 associated with block devices. The binding to the
254 loop devices is handled by mount(8) or losetup(8).
255
256 8 block SCSI disk devices (0-15)
257 0 = /dev/sda First SCSI disk whole disk
258 16 = /dev/sdb Second SCSI disk whole disk
259 32 = /dev/sdc Third SCSI disk whole disk
260 ...
261 240 = /dev/sdp Sixteenth SCSI disk whole disk
262
263 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
264 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
265 partitions is 15.
266
267 9 char SCSI tape devices
268 0 = /dev/st0 First SCSI tape, mode 0
269 1 = /dev/st1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0
270 ...
271 32 = /dev/st0l First SCSI tape, mode 1
272 33 = /dev/st1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1
273 ...
274 64 = /dev/st0m First SCSI tape, mode 2
275 65 = /dev/st1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2
276 ...
277 96 = /dev/st0a First SCSI tape, mode 3
278 97 = /dev/st1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3
279 ...
280 128 = /dev/nst0 First SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
281 129 = /dev/nst1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
282 ...
283 160 = /dev/nst0l First SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
284 161 = /dev/nst1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
285 ...
286 192 = /dev/nst0m First SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
287 193 = /dev/nst1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
288 ...
289 224 = /dev/nst0a First SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
290 225 = /dev/nst1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
291 ...
292
293 "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default
294 automatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFL
295 ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of
296 the device used to access it.
297
298 9 block Metadisk (RAID) devices
299 0 = /dev/md0 First metadisk group
300 1 = /dev/md1 Second metadisk group
301 ...
302
303 The metadisk driver is used to span a
304 filesystem across multiple physical disks.
305
306 10 char Non-serial mice, misc features
307 0 = /dev/logibm Logitech bus mouse
308 1 = /dev/psaux PS/2-style mouse port
309 2 = /dev/inportbm Microsoft Inport bus mouse
310 3 = /dev/atibm ATI XL bus mouse
311 4 = /dev/jbm J-mouse
312 4 = /dev/amigamouse Amiga mouse (68k/Amiga)
313 5 = /dev/atarimouse Atari mouse
314 6 = /dev/sunmouse Sun mouse
315 7 = /dev/amigamouse1 Second Amiga mouse
316 8 = /dev/smouse Simple serial mouse driver
317 9 = /dev/pc110pad IBM PC-110 digitizer pad
318 10 = /dev/adbmouse Apple Desktop Bus mouse
319 11 = /dev/vrtpanel Vr41xx embedded touch panel
320 13 = /dev/vpcmouse Connectix Virtual PC Mouse
321 14 = /dev/touchscreen/ucb1x00 UCB 1x00 touchscreen
322 15 = /dev/touchscreen/mk712 MK712 touchscreen
323 128 = /dev/beep Fancy beep device
324 129 =
325 130 = /dev/watchdog Watchdog timer port
326 131 = /dev/temperature Machine internal temperature
327 132 = /dev/hwtrap Hardware fault trap
328 133 = /dev/exttrp External device trap
329 134 = /dev/apm_bios Advanced Power Management BIOS
330 135 = /dev/rtc Real Time Clock
331 137 = /dev/vhci Bluetooth virtual HCI driver
332 139 = /dev/openprom SPARC OpenBoot PROM
333 140 = /dev/relay8 Berkshire Products Octal relay card
334 141 = /dev/relay16 Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card
335 142 =
336 143 = /dev/pciconf PCI configuration space
337 144 = /dev/nvram Non-volatile configuration RAM
338 145 = /dev/hfmodem Soundcard shortwave modem control
339 146 = /dev/graphics Linux/SGI graphics device
340 147 = /dev/opengl Linux/SGI OpenGL pipe
341 148 = /dev/gfx Linux/SGI graphics effects device
342 149 = /dev/input/mouse Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse
343 150 = /dev/input/keyboard Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard
344 151 = /dev/led Front panel LEDs
345 152 = /dev/kpoll Kernel Poll Driver
346 153 = /dev/mergemem Memory merge device
347 154 = /dev/pmu Macintosh PowerBook power manager
348 155 = /dev/isictl MultiTech ISICom serial control
349 156 = /dev/lcd Front panel LCD display
350 157 = /dev/ac Applicom Intl Profibus card
351 158 = /dev/nwbutton Netwinder external button
352 159 = /dev/nwdebug Netwinder debug interface
353 160 = /dev/nwflash Netwinder flash memory
354 161 = /dev/userdma User-space DMA access
355 162 = /dev/smbus System Management Bus
356 163 = /dev/lik Logitech Internet Keyboard
357 164 = /dev/ipmo Intel Intelligent Platform Management
358 165 = /dev/vmmon VMware virtual machine monitor
359 166 = /dev/i2o/ctl I2O configuration manager
360 167 = /dev/specialix_sxctl Specialix serial control
361 168 = /dev/tcldrv Technology Concepts serial control
362 169 = /dev/specialix_rioctl Specialix RIO serial control
363 170 = /dev/thinkpad/thinkpad IBM Thinkpad devices
364 171 = /dev/srripc QNX4 API IPC manager
365 172 = /dev/usemaclone Semaphore clone device
366 173 = /dev/ipmikcs Intelligent Platform Management
367 174 = /dev/uctrl SPARCbook 3 microcontroller
368 175 = /dev/agpgart AGP Graphics Address Remapping Table
369 176 = /dev/gtrsc Gorgy Timing radio clock
370 177 = /dev/cbm Serial CBM bus
371 178 = /dev/jsflash JavaStation OS flash SIMM
372 179 = /dev/xsvc High-speed shared-mem/semaphore service
373 180 = /dev/vrbuttons Vr41xx button input device
374 181 = /dev/toshiba Toshiba laptop SMM support
375 182 = /dev/perfctr Performance-monitoring counters
376 183 = /dev/hwrng Generic random number generator
377 184 = /dev/cpu/microcode CPU microcode update interface
378 186 = /dev/atomicps Atomic shapshot of process state data
379 187 = /dev/irnet IrNET device
380 188 = /dev/smbusbios SMBus BIOS
381 189 = /dev/ussp_ctl User space serial port control
382 190 = /dev/crash Mission Critical Linux crash dump facility
383 191 = /dev/pcl181 <information missing>
384 192 = /dev/nas_xbus NAS xbus LCD/buttons access
385 193 = /dev/d7s SPARC 7-segment display
386 194 = /dev/zkshim Zero-Knowledge network shim control
387 195 = /dev/elographics/e2201 Elographics touchscreen E271-2201
388 196 = /dev/vfio/vfio VFIO userspace driver interface
389 197 = /dev/pxa3xx-gcu PXA3xx graphics controller unit driver
390 198 = /dev/sexec Signed executable interface
391 199 = /dev/scanners/cuecat :CueCat barcode scanner
392 200 = /dev/net/tun TAP/TUN network device
393 201 = /dev/button/gulpb Transmeta GULP-B buttons
394 202 = /dev/emd/ctl Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) control
395 203 = /dev/cuse Cuse (character device in user-space)
396 204 = /dev/video/em8300 EM8300 DVD decoder control
397 205 = /dev/video/em8300_mv EM8300 DVD decoder video
398 206 = /dev/video/em8300_ma EM8300 DVD decoder audio
399 207 = /dev/video/em8300_sp EM8300 DVD decoder subpicture
400 208 = /dev/compaq/cpqphpc Compaq PCI Hot Plug Controller
401 209 = /dev/compaq/cpqrid Compaq Remote Insight Driver
402 210 = /dev/impi/bt IMPI coprocessor block transfer
403 211 = /dev/impi/smic IMPI coprocessor stream interface
404 212 = /dev/watchdogs/0 First watchdog device
405 213 = /dev/watchdogs/1 Second watchdog device
406 214 = /dev/watchdogs/2 Third watchdog device
407 215 = /dev/watchdogs/3 Fourth watchdog device
408 216 = /dev/fujitsu/apanel Fujitsu/Siemens application panel
409 217 = /dev/ni/natmotn National Instruments Motion
410 218 = /dev/kchuid Inter-process chuid control
411 219 = /dev/modems/mwave MWave modem firmware upload
412 220 = /dev/mptctl Message passing technology (MPT) control
413 221 = /dev/mvista/hssdsi Montavista PICMG hot swap system driver
414 222 = /dev/mvista/hasi Montavista PICMG high availability
415 223 = /dev/input/uinput User level driver support for input
416 224 = /dev/tpm TCPA TPM driver
417 225 = /dev/pps Pulse Per Second driver
418 226 = /dev/systrace Systrace device
419 227 = /dev/mcelog X86_64 Machine Check Exception driver
420 228 = /dev/hpet HPET driver
421 229 = /dev/fuse Fuse (virtual filesystem in user-space)
422 230 = /dev/midishare MidiShare driver
423 231 = /dev/snapshot System memory snapshot device
424 232 = /dev/kvm Kernel-based virtual machine (hardware virtualization extensions)
425 233 = /dev/kmview View-OS A process with a view
426 234 = /dev/btrfs-control Btrfs control device
427 235 = /dev/autofs Autofs control device
428 236 = /dev/mapper/control Device-Mapper control device
429 237 = /dev/loop-control Loopback control device
430 238 = /dev/vhost-net Host kernel accelerator for virtio net
431 239 = /dev/uhid User-space I/O driver support for HID subsystem
432
433 240-254 Reserved for local use
434 255 Reserved for MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR
435
436 11 char Raw keyboard device (Linux/SPARC only)
437 0 = /dev/kbd Raw keyboard device
438
439 11 char Serial Mux device (Linux/PA-RISC only)
440 0 = /dev/ttyB0 First mux port
441 1 = /dev/ttyB1 Second mux port
442 ...
443
444 11 block SCSI CD-ROM devices
445 0 = /dev/scd0 First SCSI CD-ROM
446 1 = /dev/scd1 Second SCSI CD-ROM
447 ...
448
449 The prefix /dev/sr (instead of /dev/scd) has been deprecated.
450
451 12 char QIC-02 tape
452 2 = /dev/ntpqic11 QIC-11, no rewind-on-close
453 3 = /dev/tpqic11 QIC-11, rewind-on-close
454 4 = /dev/ntpqic24 QIC-24, no rewind-on-close
455 5 = /dev/tpqic24 QIC-24, rewind-on-close
456 6 = /dev/ntpqic120 QIC-120, no rewind-on-close
457 7 = /dev/tpqic120 QIC-120, rewind-on-close
458 8 = /dev/ntpqic150 QIC-150, no rewind-on-close
459 9 = /dev/tpqic150 QIC-150, rewind-on-close
460
461 The device names specified are proposed -- if there
462 are "standard" names for these devices, please let me know.
463
464 12 block
465
466 13 char Input core
467 0 = /dev/input/js0 First joystick
468 1 = /dev/input/js1 Second joystick
469 ...
470 32 = /dev/input/mouse0 First mouse
471 33 = /dev/input/mouse1 Second mouse
472 ...
473 63 = /dev/input/mice Unified mouse
474 64 = /dev/input/event0 First event queue
475 65 = /dev/input/event1 Second event queue
476 ...
477
478 Each device type has 5 bits (32 minors).
479
480 13 block Previously used for the XT disk (/dev/xdN)
481 Deleted in kernel v3.9.
482
483 14 char Open Sound System (OSS)
484 0 = /dev/mixer Mixer control
485 1 = /dev/sequencer Audio sequencer
486 2 = /dev/midi00 First MIDI port
487 3 = /dev/dsp Digital audio
488 4 = /dev/audio Sun-compatible digital audio
489 6 =
490 7 = /dev/audioctl SPARC audio control device
491 8 = /dev/sequencer2 Sequencer -- alternate device
492 16 = /dev/mixer1 Second soundcard mixer control
493 17 = /dev/patmgr0 Sequencer patch manager
494 18 = /dev/midi01 Second MIDI port
495 19 = /dev/dsp1 Second soundcard digital audio
496 20 = /dev/audio1 Second soundcard Sun digital audio
497 33 = /dev/patmgr1 Sequencer patch manager
498 34 = /dev/midi02 Third MIDI port
499 50 = /dev/midi03 Fourth MIDI port
500
501 14 block
502
503 15 char Joystick
504 0 = /dev/js0 First analog joystick
505 1 = /dev/js1 Second analog joystick
506 ...
507 128 = /dev/djs0 First digital joystick
508 129 = /dev/djs1 Second digital joystick
509 ...
510 15 block Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM
511 0 = /dev/sonycd Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM
512
513 16 char Non-SCSI scanners
514 0 = /dev/gs4500 Genius 4500 handheld scanner
515
516 16 block GoldStar CD-ROM
517 0 = /dev/gscd GoldStar CD-ROM
518
519 17 char OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card)
520 0 = /dev/ttyH0 First Chase port
521 1 = /dev/ttyH1 Second Chase port
522 ...
523 17 block Optics Storage CD-ROM
524 0 = /dev/optcd Optics Storage CD-ROM
525
526 18 char OBSOLETE (was Chase serial card - alternate devices)
527 0 = /dev/cuh0 Callout device for ttyH0
528 1 = /dev/cuh1 Callout device for ttyH1
529 ...
530 18 block Sanyo CD-ROM
531 0 = /dev/sjcd Sanyo CD-ROM
532
533 19 char Cyclades serial card
534 0 = /dev/ttyC0 First Cyclades port
535 ...
536 31 = /dev/ttyC31 32nd Cyclades port
537
538 19 block "Double" compressed disk
539 0 = /dev/double0 First compressed disk
540 ...
541 7 = /dev/double7 Eighth compressed disk
542 128 = /dev/cdouble0 Mirror of first compressed disk
543 ...
544 135 = /dev/cdouble7 Mirror of eighth compressed disk
545
546 See the Double documentation for the meaning of the
547 mirror devices.
548
549 20 char Cyclades serial card - alternate devices
550 0 = /dev/cub0 Callout device for ttyC0
551 ...
552 31 = /dev/cub31 Callout device for ttyC31
553
554 20 block Hitachi CD-ROM (under development)
555 0 = /dev/hitcd Hitachi CD-ROM
556
557 21 char Generic SCSI access
558 0 = /dev/sg0 First generic SCSI device
559 1 = /dev/sg1 Second generic SCSI device
560 ...
561
562 Most distributions name these /dev/sga, /dev/sgb...;
563 this sets an unnecessary limit of 26 SCSI devices in
564 the system and is counter to standard Linux
565 device-naming practice.
566
567 21 block Acorn MFM hard drive interface
568 0 = /dev/mfma First MFM drive whole disk
569 64 = /dev/mfmb Second MFM drive whole disk
570
571 This device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC.
572 Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks
573 (see major number 3).
574
575 22 char Digiboard serial card
576 0 = /dev/ttyD0 First Digiboard port
577 1 = /dev/ttyD1 Second Digiboard port
578 ...
579 22 block Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
580 0 = /dev/hdc Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
581 64 = /dev/hdd Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
582
583 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
584 interface (see major number 3).
585
586 23 char Digiboard serial card - alternate devices
587 0 = /dev/cud0 Callout device for ttyD0
588 1 = /dev/cud1 Callout device for ttyD1
589 ...
590 23 block Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM
591 0 = /dev/mcd Mitsumi CD-ROM
592
593 24 char Stallion serial card
594 0 = /dev/ttyE0 Stallion port 0 card 0
595 1 = /dev/ttyE1 Stallion port 1 card 0
596 ...
597 64 = /dev/ttyE64 Stallion port 0 card 1
598 65 = /dev/ttyE65 Stallion port 1 card 1
599 ...
600 128 = /dev/ttyE128 Stallion port 0 card 2
601 129 = /dev/ttyE129 Stallion port 1 card 2
602 ...
603 192 = /dev/ttyE192 Stallion port 0 card 3
604 193 = /dev/ttyE193 Stallion port 1 card 3
605 ...
606 24 block Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
607 0 = /dev/cdu535 Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
608
609 25 char Stallion serial card - alternate devices
610 0 = /dev/cue0 Callout device for ttyE0
611 1 = /dev/cue1 Callout device for ttyE1
612 ...
613 64 = /dev/cue64 Callout device for ttyE64
614 65 = /dev/cue65 Callout device for ttyE65
615 ...
616 128 = /dev/cue128 Callout device for ttyE128
617 129 = /dev/cue129 Callout device for ttyE129
618 ...
619 192 = /dev/cue192 Callout device for ttyE192
620 193 = /dev/cue193 Callout device for ttyE193
621 ...
622 25 block First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
623 0 = /dev/sbpcd0 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 0
624 1 = /dev/sbpcd1 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 1
625 2 = /dev/sbpcd2 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 2
626 3 = /dev/sbpcd3 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 3
627
628 26 char
629
630 26 block Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
631 0 = /dev/sbpcd4 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0
632 1 = /dev/sbpcd5 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1
633 2 = /dev/sbpcd6 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 2
634 3 = /dev/sbpcd7 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 3
635
636 27 char QIC-117 tape
637 0 = /dev/qft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close
638 1 = /dev/qft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close
639 2 = /dev/qft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close
640 3 = /dev/qft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close
641 4 = /dev/nqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close
642 5 = /dev/nqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close
643 6 = /dev/nqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close
644 7 = /dev/nqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close
645 16 = /dev/zqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, compression
646 17 = /dev/zqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, compression
647 18 = /dev/zqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, compression
648 19 = /dev/zqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, compression
649 20 = /dev/nzqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, compression
650 21 = /dev/nzqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, compression
651 22 = /dev/nzqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, compression
652 23 = /dev/nzqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, compression
653 32 = /dev/rawqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, no file marks
654 33 = /dev/rawqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, no file marks
655 34 = /dev/rawqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, no file marks
656 35 = /dev/rawqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, no file marks
657 36 = /dev/nrawqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
658 37 = /dev/nrawqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
659 38 = /dev/nrawqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
660 39 = /dev/nrawqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
661
662 27 block Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
663 0 = /dev/sbpcd8 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0
664 1 = /dev/sbpcd9 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1
665 2 = /dev/sbpcd10 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 2
666 3 = /dev/sbpcd11 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 3
667
668 28 char Stallion serial card - card programming
669 0 = /dev/staliomem0 First Stallion card I/O memory
670 1 = /dev/staliomem1 Second Stallion card I/O memory
671 2 = /dev/staliomem2 Third Stallion card I/O memory
672 3 = /dev/staliomem3 Fourth Stallion card I/O memory
673
674 28 char Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari)
675 0 = /dev/slm0 First SLM laser printer
676 1 = /dev/slm1 Second SLM laser printer
677 ...
678 28 block Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
679 0 = /dev/sbpcd12 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 0
680 1 = /dev/sbpcd13 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1
681 2 = /dev/sbpcd14 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2
682 3 = /dev/sbpcd15 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3
683
684 28 block ACSI disk (68k/Atari)
685 0 = /dev/ada First ACSI disk whole disk
686 16 = /dev/adb Second ACSI disk whole disk
687 32 = /dev/adc Third ACSI disk whole disk
688 ...
689 240 = /dev/adp 16th ACSI disk whole disk
690
691 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
692 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
693 partitions is 15, like SCSI.
694
695 29 char Universal frame buffer
696 0 = /dev/fb0 First frame buffer
697 1 = /dev/fb1 Second frame buffer
698 ...
699 31 = /dev/fb31 32nd frame buffer
700
701 29 block Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM
702 0 = /dev/aztcd Aztech CD-ROM
703
704 30 char iBCS-2 compatibility devices
705 0 = /dev/socksys Socket access
706 1 = /dev/spx SVR3 local X interface
707 32 = /dev/inet/ip Network access
708 33 = /dev/inet/icmp
709 34 = /dev/inet/ggp
710 35 = /dev/inet/ipip
711 36 = /dev/inet/tcp
712 37 = /dev/inet/egp
713 38 = /dev/inet/pup
714 39 = /dev/inet/udp
715 40 = /dev/inet/idp
716 41 = /dev/inet/rawip
717
718 Additionally, iBCS-2 requires the following links:
719
720 /dev/ip -> /dev/inet/ip
721 /dev/icmp -> /dev/inet/icmp
722 /dev/ggp -> /dev/inet/ggp
723 /dev/ipip -> /dev/inet/ipip
724 /dev/tcp -> /dev/inet/tcp
725 /dev/egp -> /dev/inet/egp
726 /dev/pup -> /dev/inet/pup
727 /dev/udp -> /dev/inet/udp
728 /dev/idp -> /dev/inet/idp
729 /dev/rawip -> /dev/inet/rawip
730 /dev/inet/arp -> /dev/inet/udp
731 /dev/inet/rip -> /dev/inet/udp
732 /dev/nfsd -> /dev/socksys
733 /dev/X0R -> /dev/null (? apparently not required ?)
734
735 30 block Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
736 0 = /dev/cm205cd Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
737
738 /dev/lmscd is an older name for this device. This
739 driver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM.
740
741 31 char MPU-401 MIDI
742 0 = /dev/mpu401data MPU-401 data port
743 1 = /dev/mpu401stat MPU-401 status port
744
745 31 block ROM/flash memory card
746 0 = /dev/rom0 First ROM card (rw)
747 ...
748 7 = /dev/rom7 Eighth ROM card (rw)
749 8 = /dev/rrom0 First ROM card (ro)
750 ...
751 15 = /dev/rrom7 Eighth ROM card (ro)
752 16 = /dev/flash0 First flash memory card (rw)
753 ...
754 23 = /dev/flash7 Eighth flash memory card (rw)
755 24 = /dev/rflash0 First flash memory card (ro)
756 ...
757 31 = /dev/rflash7 Eighth flash memory card (ro)
758
759 The read-write (rw) devices support back-caching
760 written data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAM
761 devices. The read-only devices (ro) support reading
762 only.
763
764 32 char Specialix serial card
765 0 = /dev/ttyX0 First Specialix port
766 1 = /dev/ttyX1 Second Specialix port
767 ...
768 32 block Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
769 0 = /dev/cm206cd Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
770
771 33 char Specialix serial card - alternate devices
772 0 = /dev/cux0 Callout device for ttyX0
773 1 = /dev/cux1 Callout device for ttyX1
774 ...
775 33 block Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
776 0 = /dev/hde Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
777 64 = /dev/hdf Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
778
779 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
780 interface (see major number 3).
781
782 34 char Z8530 HDLC driver
783 0 = /dev/scc0 First Z8530, first port
784 1 = /dev/scc1 First Z8530, second port
785 2 = /dev/scc2 Second Z8530, first port
786 3 = /dev/scc3 Second Z8530, second port
787 ...
788
789 In a previous version these devices were named
790 /dev/sc1 for /dev/scc0, /dev/sc2 for /dev/scc1, and so
791 on.
792
793 34 block Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
794 0 = /dev/hdg Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
795 64 = /dev/hdh Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
796
797 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
798 interface (see major number 3).
799
800 35 char tclmidi MIDI driver
801 0 = /dev/midi0 First MIDI port, kernel timed
802 1 = /dev/midi1 Second MIDI port, kernel timed
803 2 = /dev/midi2 Third MIDI port, kernel timed
804 3 = /dev/midi3 Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed
805 64 = /dev/rmidi0 First MIDI port, untimed
806 65 = /dev/rmidi1 Second MIDI port, untimed
807 66 = /dev/rmidi2 Third MIDI port, untimed
808 67 = /dev/rmidi3 Fourth MIDI port, untimed
809 128 = /dev/smpte0 First MIDI port, SMPTE timed
810 129 = /dev/smpte1 Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed
811 130 = /dev/smpte2 Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed
812 131 = /dev/smpte3 Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed
813
814 35 block Slow memory ramdisk
815 0 = /dev/slram Slow memory ramdisk
816
817 36 char Netlink support
818 0 = /dev/route Routing, device updates, kernel to user
819 1 = /dev/skip enSKIP security cache control
820 3 = /dev/fwmonitor Firewall packet copies
821 16 = /dev/tap0 First Ethertap device
822 ...
823 31 = /dev/tap15 16th Ethertap device
824
825 36 block OBSOLETE (was MCA ESDI hard disk)
826
827 37 char IDE tape
828 0 = /dev/ht0 First IDE tape
829 1 = /dev/ht1 Second IDE tape
830 ...
831 128 = /dev/nht0 First IDE tape, no rewind-on-close
832 129 = /dev/nht1 Second IDE tape, no rewind-on-close
833 ...
834
835 Currently, only one IDE tape drive is supported.
836
837 37 block Zorro II ramdisk
838 0 = /dev/z2ram Zorro II ramdisk
839
840 38 char Myricom PCI Myrinet board
841 0 = /dev/mlanai0 First Myrinet board
842 1 = /dev/mlanai1 Second Myrinet board
843 ...
844
845 This device is used for status query, board control
846 and "user level packet I/O." This board is also
847 accessible as a standard networking "eth" device.
848
849 38 block OBSOLETE (was Linux/AP+)
850
851 39 char ML-16P experimental I/O board
852 0 = /dev/ml16pa-a0 First card, first analog channel
853 1 = /dev/ml16pa-a1 First card, second analog channel
854 ...
855 15 = /dev/ml16pa-a15 First card, 16th analog channel
856 16 = /dev/ml16pa-d First card, digital lines
857 17 = /dev/ml16pa-c0 First card, first counter/timer
858 18 = /dev/ml16pa-c1 First card, second counter/timer
859 19 = /dev/ml16pa-c2 First card, third counter/timer
860 32 = /dev/ml16pb-a0 Second card, first analog channel
861 33 = /dev/ml16pb-a1 Second card, second analog channel
862 ...
863 47 = /dev/ml16pb-a15 Second card, 16th analog channel
864 48 = /dev/ml16pb-d Second card, digital lines
865 49 = /dev/ml16pb-c0 Second card, first counter/timer
866 50 = /dev/ml16pb-c1 Second card, second counter/timer
867 51 = /dev/ml16pb-c2 Second card, third counter/timer
868 ...
869 39 block
870
871 40 char
872
873 40 block
874
875 41 char Yet Another Micro Monitor
876 0 = /dev/yamm Yet Another Micro Monitor
877
878 41 block
879
880 42 char Demo/sample use
881
882 42 block Demo/sample use
883
884 This number is intended for use in sample code, as
885 well as a general "example" device number. It
886 should never be used for a device driver that is being
887 distributed; either obtain an official number or use
888 the local/experimental range. The sudden addition or
889 removal of a driver with this number should not cause
890 ill effects to the system (bugs excepted.)
891
892 IN PARTICULAR, ANY DISTRIBUTION WHICH CONTAINS A
893 DEVICE DRIVER USING MAJOR NUMBER 42 IS NONCOMPLIANT.
894
895 43 char isdn4linux virtual modem
896 0 = /dev/ttyI0 First virtual modem
897 ...
898 63 = /dev/ttyI63 64th virtual modem
899
900 43 block Network block devices
901 0 = /dev/nb0 First network block device
902 1 = /dev/nb1 Second network block device
903 ...
904
905 Network Block Device is somehow similar to loopback
906 devices: If you read from it, it sends packet across
907 network asking server for data. If you write to it, it
908 sends packet telling server to write. It could be used
909 to mounting filesystems over the net, swapping over
910 the net, implementing block device in userland etc.
911
912 44 char isdn4linux virtual modem - alternate devices
913 0 = /dev/cui0 Callout device for ttyI0
914 ...
915 63 = /dev/cui63 Callout device for ttyI63
916
917 44 block Flash Translation Layer (FTL) filesystems
918 0 = /dev/ftla FTL on first Memory Technology Device
919 16 = /dev/ftlb FTL on second Memory Technology Device
920 32 = /dev/ftlc FTL on third Memory Technology Device
921 ...
922 240 = /dev/ftlp FTL on 16th Memory Technology Device
923
924 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
925 disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
926 limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk (same as SCSI.)
927
928 45 char isdn4linux ISDN BRI driver
929 0 = /dev/isdn0 First virtual B channel raw data
930 ...
931 63 = /dev/isdn63 64th virtual B channel raw data
932 64 = /dev/isdnctrl0 First channel control/debug
933 ...
934 127 = /dev/isdnctrl63 64th channel control/debug
935
936 128 = /dev/ippp0 First SyncPPP device
937 ...
938 191 = /dev/ippp63 64th SyncPPP device
939
940 255 = /dev/isdninfo ISDN monitor interface
941
942 45 block Parallel port IDE disk devices
943 0 = /dev/pda First parallel port IDE disk
944 16 = /dev/pdb Second parallel port IDE disk
945 32 = /dev/pdc Third parallel port IDE disk
946 48 = /dev/pdd Fourth parallel port IDE disk
947
948 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
949 disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
950 limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk.
951
952 46 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card
953 0 = /dev/ttyR0 First Rocketport port
954 1 = /dev/ttyR1 Second Rocketport port
955 ...
956 46 block Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM devices
957 0 = /dev/pcd0 First parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
958 1 = /dev/pcd1 Second parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
959 2 = /dev/pcd2 Third parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
960 3 = /dev/pcd3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
961
962 47 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card - alternate devices
963 0 = /dev/cur0 Callout device for ttyR0
964 1 = /dev/cur1 Callout device for ttyR1
965 ...
966 47 block Parallel port ATAPI disk devices
967 0 = /dev/pf0 First parallel port ATAPI disk
968 1 = /dev/pf1 Second parallel port ATAPI disk
969 2 = /dev/pf2 Third parallel port ATAPI disk
970 3 = /dev/pf3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI disk
971
972 This driver is intended for floppy disks and similar
973 devices and hence does not support partitioning.
974
975 48 char SDL RISCom serial card
976 0 = /dev/ttyL0 First RISCom port
977 1 = /dev/ttyL1 Second RISCom port
978 ...
979 48 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; first controller
980 0 = /dev/rd/c0d0 First disk, whole disk
981 8 = /dev/rd/c0d1 Second disk, whole disk
982 ...
983 248 = /dev/rd/c0d31 32nd disk, whole disk
984
985 For partitions add:
986 0 = /dev/rd/c?d? Whole disk
987 1 = /dev/rd/c?d?p1 First partition
988 ...
989 7 = /dev/rd/c?d?p7 Seventh partition
990
991 49 char SDL RISCom serial card - alternate devices
992 0 = /dev/cul0 Callout device for ttyL0
993 1 = /dev/cul1 Callout device for ttyL1
994 ...
995 49 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; second controller
996 0 = /dev/rd/c1d0 First disk, whole disk
997 8 = /dev/rd/c1d1 Second disk, whole disk
998 ...
999 248 = /dev/rd/c1d31 32nd disk, whole disk
1000
1001 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1002
1003 50 char Reserved for GLINT
1004
1005 50 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; third controller
1006 0 = /dev/rd/c2d0 First disk, whole disk
1007 8 = /dev/rd/c2d1 Second disk, whole disk
1008 ...
1009 248 = /dev/rd/c2d31 32nd disk, whole disk
1010
1011 51 char Baycom radio modem OR Radio Tech BIM-XXX-RS232 radio modem
1012 0 = /dev/bc0 First Baycom radio modem
1013 1 = /dev/bc1 Second Baycom radio modem
1014 ...
1015 51 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourth controller
1016 0 = /dev/rd/c3d0 First disk, whole disk
1017 8 = /dev/rd/c3d1 Second disk, whole disk
1018 ...
1019 248 = /dev/rd/c3d31 32nd disk, whole disk
1020
1021 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1022
1023 52 char Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card
1024 0 = /dev/dcbri0 First DataComm card
1025 1 = /dev/dcbri1 Second DataComm card
1026 2 = /dev/dcbri2 Third DataComm card
1027 3 = /dev/dcbri3 Fourth DataComm card
1028
1029 52 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifth controller
1030 0 = /dev/rd/c4d0 First disk, whole disk
1031 8 = /dev/rd/c4d1 Second disk, whole disk
1032 ...
1033 248 = /dev/rd/c4d31 32nd disk, whole disk
1034
1035 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1036
1037 53 char BDM interface for remote debugging MC683xx microcontrollers
1038 0 = /dev/pd_bdm0 PD BDM interface on lp0
1039 1 = /dev/pd_bdm1 PD BDM interface on lp1
1040 2 = /dev/pd_bdm2 PD BDM interface on lp2
1041 4 = /dev/icd_bdm0 ICD BDM interface on lp0
1042 5 = /dev/icd_bdm1 ICD BDM interface on lp1
1043 6 = /dev/icd_bdm2 ICD BDM interface on lp2
1044
1045 This device is used for the interfacing to the MC683xx
1046 microcontrollers via Background Debug Mode by use of a
1047 Parallel Port interface. PD is the Motorola Public
1048 Domain Interface and ICD is the commercial interface
1049 by P&E.
1050
1051 53 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixth controller
1052 0 = /dev/rd/c5d0 First disk, whole disk
1053 8 = /dev/rd/c5d1 Second disk, whole disk
1054 ...
1055 248 = /dev/rd/c5d31 32nd disk, whole disk
1056
1057 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1058
1059 54 char Electrocardiognosis Holter serial card
1060 0 = /dev/holter0 First Holter port
1061 1 = /dev/holter1 Second Holter port
1062 2 = /dev/holter2 Third Holter port
1063
1064 A custom serial card used by Electrocardiognosis SRL
1065 <mseritan@ottonel.pub.ro> to transfer data from Holter
1066 24-hour heart monitoring equipment.
1067
1068 54 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; seventh controller
1069 0 = /dev/rd/c6d0 First disk, whole disk
1070 8 = /dev/rd/c6d1 Second disk, whole disk
1071 ...
1072 248 = /dev/rd/c6d31 32nd disk, whole disk
1073
1074 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1075
1076 55 char DSP56001 digital signal processor
1077 0 = /dev/dsp56k First DSP56001
1078
1079 55 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eighth controller
1080 0 = /dev/rd/c7d0 First disk, whole disk
1081 8 = /dev/rd/c7d1 Second disk, whole disk
1082 ...
1083 248 = /dev/rd/c7d31 32nd disk, whole disk
1084
1085 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
1086
1087 56 char Apple Desktop Bus
1088 0 = /dev/adb ADB bus control
1089
1090 Additional devices will be added to this number, all
1091 starting with /dev/adb.
1092
1093 56 block Fifth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1094 0 = /dev/hdi Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1095 64 = /dev/hdj Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1096
1097 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1098 interface (see major number 3).
1099
1100 57 char Hayes ESP serial card
1101 0 = /dev/ttyP0 First ESP port
1102 1 = /dev/ttyP1 Second ESP port
1103 ...
1104
1105 57 block Sixth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1106 0 = /dev/hdk Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1107 64 = /dev/hdl Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1108
1109 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1110 interface (see major number 3).
1111
1112 58 char Hayes ESP serial card - alternate devices
1113 0 = /dev/cup0 Callout device for ttyP0
1114 1 = /dev/cup1 Callout device for ttyP1
1115 ...
1116
1117 58 block Reserved for logical volume manager
1118
1119 59 char sf firewall package
1120 0 = /dev/firewall Communication with sf kernel module
1121
1122 59 block Generic PDA filesystem device
1123 0 = /dev/pda0 First PDA device
1124 1 = /dev/pda1 Second PDA device
1125 ...
1126
1127 The pda devices are used to mount filesystems on
1128 remote pda's (basically slow handheld machines with
1129 proprietary OS's and limited memory and storage
1130 running small fs translation drivers) through serial /
1131 IRDA / parallel links.
1132
1133 NAMING CONFLICT -- PROPOSED REVISED NAME /dev/rpda0 etc
1134
1135 60-63 char LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
1136
1137 60-63 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
1138 Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not
1139 assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
1140 used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
1141
1142 64 char ENskip kernel encryption package
1143 0 = /dev/enskip Communication with ENskip kernel module
1144
1145 64 block Scramdisk/DriveCrypt encrypted devices
1146 0 = /dev/scramdisk/master Master node for ioctls
1147 1 = /dev/scramdisk/1 First encrypted device
1148 2 = /dev/scramdisk/2 Second encrypted device
1149 ...
1150 255 = /dev/scramdisk/255 255th encrypted device
1151
1152 The filename of the encrypted container and the passwords
1153 are sent via ioctls (using the sdmount tool) to the master
1154 node which then activates them via one of the
1155 /dev/scramdisk/x nodes for loop mounting (all handled
1156 through the sdmount tool).
1157
1158 Requested by: andy@scramdisklinux.org
1159
1160 65 char Sundance "plink" Transputer boards (obsolete, unused)
1161 0 = /dev/plink0 First plink device
1162 1 = /dev/plink1 Second plink device
1163 2 = /dev/plink2 Third plink device
1164 3 = /dev/plink3 Fourth plink device
1165 64 = /dev/rplink0 First plink device, raw
1166 65 = /dev/rplink1 Second plink device, raw
1167 66 = /dev/rplink2 Third plink device, raw
1168 67 = /dev/rplink3 Fourth plink device, raw
1169 128 = /dev/plink0d First plink device, debug
1170 129 = /dev/plink1d Second plink device, debug
1171 130 = /dev/plink2d Third plink device, debug
1172 131 = /dev/plink3d Fourth plink device, debug
1173 192 = /dev/rplink0d First plink device, raw, debug
1174 193 = /dev/rplink1d Second plink device, raw, debug
1175 194 = /dev/rplink2d Third plink device, raw, debug
1176 195 = /dev/rplink3d Fourth plink device, raw, debug
1177
1178 This is a commercial driver; contact James Howes
1179 <jth@prosig.demon.co.uk> for information.
1180
1181 65 block SCSI disk devices (16-31)
1182 0 = /dev/sdq 17th SCSI disk whole disk
1183 16 = /dev/sdr 18th SCSI disk whole disk
1184 32 = /dev/sds 19th SCSI disk whole disk
1185 ...
1186 240 = /dev/sdaf 32nd SCSI disk whole disk
1187
1188 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1189 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1190 partitions is 15.
1191
1192 66 char YARC PowerPC PCI coprocessor card
1193 0 = /dev/yppcpci0 First YARC card
1194 1 = /dev/yppcpci1 Second YARC card
1195 ...
1196
1197 66 block SCSI disk devices (32-47)
1198 0 = /dev/sdag 33th SCSI disk whole disk
1199 16 = /dev/sdah 34th SCSI disk whole disk
1200 32 = /dev/sdai 35th SCSI disk whole disk
1201 ...
1202 240 = /dev/sdav 48nd SCSI disk whole disk
1203
1204 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1205 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1206 partitions is 15.
1207
1208 67 char Coda network file system
1209 0 = /dev/cfs0 Coda cache manager
1210
1211 See http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu for information about Coda.
1212
1213 67 block SCSI disk devices (48-63)
1214 0 = /dev/sdaw 49th SCSI disk whole disk
1215 16 = /dev/sdax 50th SCSI disk whole disk
1216 32 = /dev/sday 51st SCSI disk whole disk
1217 ...
1218 240 = /dev/sdbl 64th SCSI disk whole disk
1219
1220 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1221 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1222 partitions is 15.
1223
1224 68 char CAPI 2.0 interface
1225 0 = /dev/capi20 Control device
1226 1 = /dev/capi20.00 First CAPI 2.0 application
1227 2 = /dev/capi20.01 Second CAPI 2.0 application
1228 ...
1229 20 = /dev/capi20.19 19th CAPI 2.0 application
1230
1231 ISDN CAPI 2.0 driver for use with CAPI 2.0
1232 applications; currently supports the AVM B1 card.
1233
1234 68 block SCSI disk devices (64-79)
1235 0 = /dev/sdbm 65th SCSI disk whole disk
1236 16 = /dev/sdbn 66th SCSI disk whole disk
1237 32 = /dev/sdbo 67th SCSI disk whole disk
1238 ...
1239 240 = /dev/sdcb 80th SCSI disk whole disk
1240
1241 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1242 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1243 partitions is 15.
1244
1245 69 char MA16 numeric accelerator card
1246 0 = /dev/ma16 Board memory access
1247
1248 69 block SCSI disk devices (80-95)
1249 0 = /dev/sdcc 81st SCSI disk whole disk
1250 16 = /dev/sdcd 82nd SCSI disk whole disk
1251 32 = /dev/sdce 83th SCSI disk whole disk
1252 ...
1253 240 = /dev/sdcr 96th SCSI disk whole disk
1254
1255 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1256 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1257 partitions is 15.
1258
1259 70 char SpellCaster Protocol Services Interface
1260 0 = /dev/apscfg Configuration interface
1261 1 = /dev/apsauth Authentication interface
1262 2 = /dev/apslog Logging interface
1263 3 = /dev/apsdbg Debugging interface
1264 64 = /dev/apsisdn ISDN command interface
1265 65 = /dev/apsasync Async command interface
1266 128 = /dev/apsmon Monitor interface
1267
1268 70 block SCSI disk devices (96-111)
1269 0 = /dev/sdcs 97th SCSI disk whole disk
1270 16 = /dev/sdct 98th SCSI disk whole disk
1271 32 = /dev/sdcu 99th SCSI disk whole disk
1272 ...
1273 240 = /dev/sddh 112nd SCSI disk whole disk
1274
1275 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1276 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1277 partitions is 15.
1278
1279 71 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card
1280 0 = /dev/ttyF0 IntelliPort II board 0, port 0
1281 1 = /dev/ttyF1 IntelliPort II board 0, port 1
1282 ...
1283 63 = /dev/ttyF63 IntelliPort II board 0, port 63
1284 64 = /dev/ttyF64 IntelliPort II board 1, port 0
1285 65 = /dev/ttyF65 IntelliPort II board 1, port 1
1286 ...
1287 127 = /dev/ttyF127 IntelliPort II board 1, port 63
1288 128 = /dev/ttyF128 IntelliPort II board 2, port 0
1289 129 = /dev/ttyF129 IntelliPort II board 2, port 1
1290 ...
1291 191 = /dev/ttyF191 IntelliPort II board 2, port 63
1292 192 = /dev/ttyF192 IntelliPort II board 3, port 0
1293 193 = /dev/ttyF193 IntelliPort II board 3, port 1
1294 ...
1295 255 = /dev/ttyF255 IntelliPort II board 3, port 63
1296
1297 71 block SCSI disk devices (112-127)
1298 0 = /dev/sddi 113th SCSI disk whole disk
1299 16 = /dev/sddj 114th SCSI disk whole disk
1300 32 = /dev/sddk 115th SCSI disk whole disk
1301 ...
1302 240 = /dev/sddx 128th SCSI disk whole disk
1303
1304 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1305 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1306 partitions is 15.
1307
1308 72 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - alternate devices
1309 0 = /dev/cuf0 Callout device for ttyF0
1310 1 = /dev/cuf1 Callout device for ttyF1
1311 ...
1312 63 = /dev/cuf63 Callout device for ttyF63
1313 64 = /dev/cuf64 Callout device for ttyF64
1314 65 = /dev/cuf65 Callout device for ttyF65
1315 ...
1316 127 = /dev/cuf127 Callout device for ttyF127
1317 128 = /dev/cuf128 Callout device for ttyF128
1318 129 = /dev/cuf129 Callout device for ttyF129
1319 ...
1320 191 = /dev/cuf191 Callout device for ttyF191
1321 192 = /dev/cuf192 Callout device for ttyF192
1322 193 = /dev/cuf193 Callout device for ttyF193
1323 ...
1324 255 = /dev/cuf255 Callout device for ttyF255
1325
1326 72 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, first controller
1327 0 = /dev/ida/c0d0 First logical drive whole disk
1328 16 = /dev/ida/c0d1 Second logical drive whole disk
1329 ...
1330 240 = /dev/ida/c0d15 16th logical drive whole disk
1331
1332 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1333 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1334 partitions is 15.
1335
1336 73 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - control devices
1337 0 = /dev/ip2ipl0 Loadware device for board 0
1338 1 = /dev/ip2stat0 Status device for board 0
1339 4 = /dev/ip2ipl1 Loadware device for board 1
1340 5 = /dev/ip2stat1 Status device for board 1
1341 8 = /dev/ip2ipl2 Loadware device for board 2
1342 9 = /dev/ip2stat2 Status device for board 2
1343 12 = /dev/ip2ipl3 Loadware device for board 3
1344 13 = /dev/ip2stat3 Status device for board 3
1345
1346 73 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, second controller
1347 0 = /dev/ida/c1d0 First logical drive whole disk
1348 16 = /dev/ida/c1d1 Second logical drive whole disk
1349 ...
1350 240 = /dev/ida/c1d15 16th logical drive whole disk
1351
1352 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1353 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1354 partitions is 15.
1355
1356 74 char SCI bridge
1357 0 = /dev/SCI/0 SCI device 0
1358 1 = /dev/SCI/1 SCI device 1
1359 ...
1360
1361 Currently for Dolphin Interconnect Solutions' PCI-SCI
1362 bridge.
1363
1364 74 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, third controller
1365 0 = /dev/ida/c2d0 First logical drive whole disk
1366 16 = /dev/ida/c2d1 Second logical drive whole disk
1367 ...
1368 240 = /dev/ida/c2d15 16th logical drive whole disk
1369
1370 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1371 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1372 partitions is 15.
1373
1374 75 char Specialix IO8+ serial card
1375 0 = /dev/ttyW0 First IO8+ port, first card
1376 1 = /dev/ttyW1 Second IO8+ port, first card
1377 ...
1378 8 = /dev/ttyW8 First IO8+ port, second card
1379 ...
1380
1381 75 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fourth controller
1382 0 = /dev/ida/c3d0 First logical drive whole disk
1383 16 = /dev/ida/c3d1 Second logical drive whole disk
1384 ...
1385 240 = /dev/ida/c3d15 16th logical drive whole disk
1386
1387 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1388 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1389 partitions is 15.
1390
1391 76 char Specialix IO8+ serial card - alternate devices
1392 0 = /dev/cuw0 Callout device for ttyW0
1393 1 = /dev/cuw1 Callout device for ttyW1
1394 ...
1395 8 = /dev/cuw8 Callout device for ttyW8
1396 ...
1397
1398 76 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fifth controller
1399 0 = /dev/ida/c4d0 First logical drive whole disk
1400 16 = /dev/ida/c4d1 Second logical drive whole disk
1401 ...
1402 240 = /dev/ida/c4d15 16th logical drive whole disk
1403
1404 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1405 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1406 partitions is 15.
1407
1408
1409 77 char ComScire Quantum Noise Generator
1410 0 = /dev/qng ComScire Quantum Noise Generator
1411
1412 77 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, sixth controller
1413 0 = /dev/ida/c5d0 First logical drive whole disk
1414 16 = /dev/ida/c5d1 Second logical drive whole disk
1415 ...
1416 240 = /dev/ida/c5d15 16th logical drive whole disk
1417
1418 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1419 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1420 partitions is 15.
1421
1422 78 char PAM Software's multimodem boards
1423 0 = /dev/ttyM0 First PAM modem
1424 1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second PAM modem
1425 ...
1426
1427 78 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, seventh controller
1428 0 = /dev/ida/c6d0 First logical drive whole disk
1429 16 = /dev/ida/c6d1 Second logical drive whole disk
1430 ...
1431 240 = /dev/ida/c6d15 16th logical drive whole disk
1432
1433 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1434 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1435 partitions is 15.
1436
1437 79 char PAM Software's multimodem boards - alternate devices
1438 0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM0
1439 1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1
1440 ...
1441
1442 79 block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eighth controller
1443 0 = /dev/ida/c7d0 First logical drive whole disk
1444 16 = /dev/ida/c7d1 Second logical drive whole disk
1445 ...
1446 240 = /dev/ida/c715 16th logical drive whole disk
1447
1448 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1449 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1450 partitions is 15.
1451
1452 80 char Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
1453 0 = /dev/at200 Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
1454
1455 80 block I2O hard disk
1456 0 = /dev/i2o/hda First I2O hard disk, whole disk
1457 16 = /dev/i2o/hdb Second I2O hard disk, whole disk
1458 ...
1459 240 = /dev/i2o/hdp 16th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1460
1461 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1462 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1463 partitions is 15.
1464
1465 81 char video4linux
1466 0 = /dev/video0 Video capture/overlay device
1467 ...
1468 63 = /dev/video63 Video capture/overlay device
1469 64 = /dev/radio0 Radio device
1470 ...
1471 127 = /dev/radio63 Radio device
1472 128 = /dev/swradio0 Software Defined Radio device
1473 ...
1474 191 = /dev/swradio63 Software Defined Radio device
1475 224 = /dev/vbi0 Vertical blank interrupt
1476 ...
1477 255 = /dev/vbi31 Vertical blank interrupt
1478
1479 Minor numbers are allocated dynamically unless
1480 CONFIG_VIDEO_FIXED_MINOR_RANGES (default n)
1481 configuration option is set.
1482
1483 81 block I2O hard disk
1484 0 = /dev/i2o/hdq 17th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1485 16 = /dev/i2o/hdr 18th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1486 ...
1487 240 = /dev/i2o/hdaf 32nd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1488
1489 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1490 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1491 partitions is 15.
1492
1493 82 char WiNRADiO communications receiver card
1494 0 = /dev/winradio0 First WiNRADiO card
1495 1 = /dev/winradio1 Second WiNRADiO card
1496 ...
1497
1498 The driver and documentation may be obtained from
1499 http://www.winradio.com/
1500
1501 82 block I2O hard disk
1502 0 = /dev/i2o/hdag 33rd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1503 16 = /dev/i2o/hdah 34th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1504 ...
1505 240 = /dev/i2o/hdav 48th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1506
1507 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1508 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1509 partitions is 15.
1510
1511 83 char Matrox mga_vid video driver
1512 0 = /dev/mga_vid0 1st video card
1513 1 = /dev/mga_vid1 2nd video card
1514 2 = /dev/mga_vid2 3rd video card
1515 ...
1516 15 = /dev/mga_vid15 16th video card
1517
1518 83 block I2O hard disk
1519 0 = /dev/i2o/hdaw 49th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1520 16 = /dev/i2o/hdax 50th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1521 ...
1522 240 = /dev/i2o/hdbl 64th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1523
1524 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1525 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1526 partitions is 15.
1527
1528 84 char Ikon 1011[57] Versatec Greensheet Interface
1529 0 = /dev/ihcp0 First Greensheet port
1530 1 = /dev/ihcp1 Second Greensheet port
1531
1532 84 block I2O hard disk
1533 0 = /dev/i2o/hdbm 65th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1534 16 = /dev/i2o/hdbn 66th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1535 ...
1536 240 = /dev/i2o/hdcb 80th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1537
1538 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1539 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1540 partitions is 15.
1541
1542 85 char Linux/SGI shared memory input queue
1543 0 = /dev/shmiq Master shared input queue
1544 1 = /dev/qcntl0 First device pushed
1545 2 = /dev/qcntl1 Second device pushed
1546 ...
1547
1548 85 block I2O hard disk
1549 0 = /dev/i2o/hdcc 81st I2O hard disk, whole disk
1550 16 = /dev/i2o/hdcd 82nd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1551 ...
1552 240 = /dev/i2o/hdcr 96th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1553
1554 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1555 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1556 partitions is 15.
1557
1558 86 char SCSI media changer
1559 0 = /dev/sch0 First SCSI media changer
1560 1 = /dev/sch1 Second SCSI media changer
1561 ...
1562
1563 86 block I2O hard disk
1564 0 = /dev/i2o/hdcs 97th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1565 16 = /dev/i2o/hdct 98th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1566 ...
1567 240 = /dev/i2o/hddh 112th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1568
1569 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1570 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1571 partitions is 15.
1572
1573 87 char Sony Control-A1 stereo control bus
1574 0 = /dev/controla0 First device on chain
1575 1 = /dev/controla1 Second device on chain
1576 ...
1577
1578 87 block I2O hard disk
1579 0 = /dev/i2o/hddi 113rd I2O hard disk, whole disk
1580 16 = /dev/i2o/hddj 114th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1581 ...
1582 240 = /dev/i2o/hddx 128th I2O hard disk, whole disk
1583
1584 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1585 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1586 partitions is 15.
1587
1588 88 char COMX synchronous serial card
1589 0 = /dev/comx0 COMX channel 0
1590 1 = /dev/comx1 COMX channel 1
1591 ...
1592
1593 88 block Seventh IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1594 0 = /dev/hdm Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1595 64 = /dev/hdn Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1596
1597 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1598 interface (see major number 3).
1599
1600 89 char I2C bus interface
1601 0 = /dev/i2c-0 First I2C adapter
1602 1 = /dev/i2c-1 Second I2C adapter
1603 ...
1604
1605 89 block Eighth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1606 0 = /dev/hdo Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1607 64 = /dev/hdp Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1608
1609 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1610 interface (see major number 3).
1611
1612 90 char Memory Technology Device (RAM, ROM, Flash)
1613 0 = /dev/mtd0 First MTD (rw)
1614 1 = /dev/mtdr0 First MTD (ro)
1615 ...
1616 30 = /dev/mtd15 16th MTD (rw)
1617 31 = /dev/mtdr15 16th MTD (ro)
1618
1619 90 block Ninth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1620 0 = /dev/hdq Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1621 64 = /dev/hdr Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1622
1623 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1624 interface (see major number 3).
1625
1626 91 char CAN-Bus devices
1627 0 = /dev/can0 First CAN-Bus controller
1628 1 = /dev/can1 Second CAN-Bus controller
1629 ...
1630
1631 91 block Tenth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1632 0 = /dev/hds Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1633 64 = /dev/hdt Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1634
1635 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1636 interface (see major number 3).
1637
1638 92 char Reserved for ith Kommunikationstechnik MIC ISDN card
1639
1640 92 block PPDD encrypted disk driver
1641 0 = /dev/ppdd0 First encrypted disk
1642 1 = /dev/ppdd1 Second encrypted disk
1643 ...
1644
1645 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1646 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1647 partitions is 15.
1648
1649 93 char
1650
1651 93 block NAND Flash Translation Layer filesystem
1652 0 = /dev/nftla First NFTL layer
1653 16 = /dev/nftlb Second NFTL layer
1654 ...
1655 240 = /dev/nftlp 16th NTFL layer
1656
1657 94 char
1658
1659 94 block IBM S/390 DASD block storage
1660 0 = /dev/dasda First DASD device, major
1661 1 = /dev/dasda1 First DASD device, block 1
1662 2 = /dev/dasda2 First DASD device, block 2
1663 3 = /dev/dasda3 First DASD device, block 3
1664 4 = /dev/dasdb Second DASD device, major
1665 5 = /dev/dasdb1 Second DASD device, block 1
1666 6 = /dev/dasdb2 Second DASD device, block 2
1667 7 = /dev/dasdb3 Second DASD device, block 3
1668 ...
1669
1670 95 char IP filter
1671 0 = /dev/ipl Filter control device/log file
1672 1 = /dev/ipnat NAT control device/log file
1673 2 = /dev/ipstate State information log file
1674 3 = /dev/ipauth Authentication control device/log file
1675 ...
1676
1677 96 char Parallel port ATAPI tape devices
1678 0 = /dev/pt0 First parallel port ATAPI tape
1679 1 = /dev/pt1 Second parallel port ATAPI tape
1680 ...
1681 128 = /dev/npt0 First p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
1682 129 = /dev/npt1 Second p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
1683 ...
1684
1685 96 block Inverse NAND Flash Translation Layer
1686 0 = /dev/inftla First INFTL layer
1687 16 = /dev/inftlb Second INFTL layer
1688 ...
1689 240 = /dev/inftlp 16th INTFL layer
1690
1691 97 char Parallel port generic ATAPI interface
1692 0 = /dev/pg0 First parallel port ATAPI device
1693 1 = /dev/pg1 Second parallel port ATAPI device
1694 2 = /dev/pg2 Third parallel port ATAPI device
1695 3 = /dev/pg3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI device
1696
1697 These devices support the same API as the generic SCSI
1698 devices.
1699
1700 98 char Control and Measurement Device (comedi)
1701 0 = /dev/comedi0 First comedi device
1702 1 = /dev/comedi1 Second comedi device
1703 ...
1704
1705 See http://stm.lbl.gov/comedi.
1706
1707 98 block User-mode virtual block device
1708 0 = /dev/ubda First user-mode block device
1709 16 = /dev/udbb Second user-mode block device
1710 ...
1711
1712 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1713 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1714 partitions is 15.
1715
1716 This device is used by the user-mode virtual kernel port.
1717
1718 99 char Raw parallel ports
1719 0 = /dev/parport0 First parallel port
1720 1 = /dev/parport1 Second parallel port
1721 ...
1722
1723 99 block JavaStation flash disk
1724 0 = /dev/jsfd JavaStation flash disk
1725
1726 100 char Telephony for Linux
1727 0 = /dev/phone0 First telephony device
1728 1 = /dev/phone1 Second telephony device
1729 ...
1730
1731 101 char Motorola DSP 56xxx board
1732 0 = /dev/mdspstat Status information
1733 1 = /dev/mdsp1 First DSP board I/O controls
1734 ...
1735 16 = /dev/mdsp16 16th DSP board I/O controls
1736
1737 101 block AMI HyperDisk RAID controller
1738 0 = /dev/amiraid/ar0 First array whole disk
1739 16 = /dev/amiraid/ar1 Second array whole disk
1740 ...
1741 240 = /dev/amiraid/ar15 16th array whole disk
1742
1743 For each device, partitions are added as:
1744 0 = /dev/amiraid/ar? Whole disk
1745 1 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p1 First partition
1746 2 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p2 Second partition
1747 ...
1748 15 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p15 15th partition
1749
1750 102 char
1751
1752 102 block Compressed block device
1753 0 = /dev/cbd/a First compressed block device, whole device
1754 16 = /dev/cbd/b Second compressed block device, whole device
1755 ...
1756 240 = /dev/cbd/p 16th compressed block device, whole device
1757
1758 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1759 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1760 partitions is 15.
1761
1762 103 char Arla network file system
1763 0 = /dev/nnpfs0 First NNPFS device
1764 1 = /dev/nnpfs1 Second NNPFS device
1765
1766 Arla is a free clone of the Andrew File System, AFS.
1767 The NNPFS device gives user mode filesystem
1768 implementations a kernel presence for caching and easy
1769 mounting. For more information about the project,
1770 write to <arla-drinkers@stacken.kth.se> or see
1771 http://www.stacken.kth.se/project/arla/
1772
1773 103 block Audit device
1774 0 = /dev/audit Audit device
1775
1776 104 char Flash BIOS support
1777
1778 104 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, first controller
1779 0 = /dev/cciss/c0d0 First logical drive, whole disk
1780 16 = /dev/cciss/c0d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
1781 ...
1782 240 = /dev/cciss/c0d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
1783
1784 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1785 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1786 partitions is 15.
1787
1788 105 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller
1789 0 = /dev/ttyV0 First VS-1000 port
1790 1 = /dev/ttyV1 Second VS-1000 port
1791 ...
1792
1793 105 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, second controller
1794 0 = /dev/cciss/c1d0 First logical drive, whole disk
1795 16 = /dev/cciss/c1d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
1796 ...
1797 240 = /dev/cciss/c1d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
1798
1799 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1800 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1801 partitions is 15.
1802
1803 106 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - alternate devices
1804 0 = /dev/cuv0 First VS-1000 port
1805 1 = /dev/cuv1 Second VS-1000 port
1806 ...
1807
1808 106 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, third controller
1809 0 = /dev/cciss/c2d0 First logical drive, whole disk
1810 16 = /dev/cciss/c2d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
1811 ...
1812 240 = /dev/cciss/c2d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
1813
1814 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1815 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1816 partitions is 15.
1817
1818 107 char 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device
1819 0 = /dev/3dfx Primary 3Dfx graphics device
1820
1821 107 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fourth controller
1822 0 = /dev/cciss/c3d0 First logical drive, whole disk
1823 16 = /dev/cciss/c3d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
1824 ...
1825 240 = /dev/cciss/c3d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
1826
1827 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1828 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1829 partitions is 15.
1830
1831 108 char Device independent PPP interface
1832 0 = /dev/ppp Device independent PPP interface
1833
1834 108 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fifth controller
1835 0 = /dev/cciss/c4d0 First logical drive, whole disk
1836 16 = /dev/cciss/c4d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
1837 ...
1838 240 = /dev/cciss/c4d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
1839
1840 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1841 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1842 partitions is 15.
1843
1844 109 char Reserved for logical volume manager
1845
1846 109 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, sixth controller
1847 0 = /dev/cciss/c5d0 First logical drive, whole disk
1848 16 = /dev/cciss/c5d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
1849 ...
1850 240 = /dev/cciss/c5d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
1851
1852 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1853 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1854 partitions is 15.
1855
1856 110 char miroMEDIA Surround board
1857 0 = /dev/srnd0 First miroMEDIA Surround board
1858 1 = /dev/srnd1 Second miroMEDIA Surround board
1859 ...
1860
1861 110 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, seventh controller
1862 0 = /dev/cciss/c6d0 First logical drive, whole disk
1863 16 = /dev/cciss/c6d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
1864 ...
1865 240 = /dev/cciss/c6d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
1866
1867 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1868 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1869 partitions is 15.
1870
1871 111 char
1872
1873 111 block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eighth controller
1874 0 = /dev/cciss/c7d0 First logical drive, whole disk
1875 16 = /dev/cciss/c7d1 Second logical drive, whole disk
1876 ...
1877 240 = /dev/cciss/c7d15 16th logical drive, whole disk
1878
1879 Partitions are handled the same way as for Mylex
1880 DAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit on
1881 partitions is 15.
1882
1883 112 char ISI serial card
1884 0 = /dev/ttyM0 First ISI port
1885 1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second ISI port
1886 ...
1887
1888 There is currently a device-naming conflict between
1889 these and PAM multimodems (major 78).
1890
1891 112 block IBM iSeries virtual disk
1892 0 = /dev/iseries/vda First virtual disk, whole disk
1893 8 = /dev/iseries/vdb Second virtual disk, whole disk
1894 ...
1895 200 = /dev/iseries/vdz 26th virtual disk, whole disk
1896 208 = /dev/iseries/vdaa 27th virtual disk, whole disk
1897 ...
1898 248 = /dev/iseries/vdaf 32nd virtual disk, whole disk
1899
1900 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1901 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1902 partitions is 7.
1903
1904 113 char ISI serial card - alternate devices
1905 0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM0
1906 1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1
1907 ...
1908
1909 113 block IBM iSeries virtual CD-ROM
1910 0 = /dev/iseries/vcda First virtual CD-ROM
1911 1 = /dev/iseries/vcdb Second virtual CD-ROM
1912 ...
1913
1914 114 char Picture Elements ISE board
1915 0 = /dev/ise0 First ISE board
1916 1 = /dev/ise1 Second ISE board
1917 ...
1918 128 = /dev/isex0 Control node for first ISE board
1919 129 = /dev/isex1 Control node for second ISE board
1920 ...
1921
1922 The ISE board is an embedded computer, optimized for
1923 image processing. The /dev/iseN nodes are the general
1924 I/O access to the board, the /dev/isex0 nodes command
1925 nodes used to control the board.
1926
1927 114 block IDE BIOS powered software RAID interfaces such as the
1928 Promise Fastrak
1929
1930 0 = /dev/ataraid/d0
1931 1 = /dev/ataraid/d0p1
1932 2 = /dev/ataraid/d0p2
1933 ...
1934 16 = /dev/ataraid/d1
1935 17 = /dev/ataraid/d1p1
1936 18 = /dev/ataraid/d1p2
1937 ...
1938 255 = /dev/ataraid/d15p15
1939
1940 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1941 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1942 partitions is 15.
1943
1944 115 char TI link cable devices (115 was formerly the console driver speaker)
1945 0 = /dev/tipar0 Parallel cable on first parallel port
1946 ...
1947 7 = /dev/tipar7 Parallel cable on seventh parallel port
1948
1949 8 = /dev/tiser0 Serial cable on first serial port
1950 ...
1951 15 = /dev/tiser7 Serial cable on seventh serial port
1952
1953 16 = /dev/tiusb0 First USB cable
1954 ...
1955 47 = /dev/tiusb31 32nd USB cable
1956
1957 115 block NetWare (NWFS) Devices (0-255)
1958
1959 The NWFS (NetWare) devices are used to present a
1960 collection of NetWare Mirror Groups or NetWare
1961 Partitions as a logical storage segment for
1962 use in mounting NetWare volumes. A maximum of
1963 256 NetWare volumes can be supported in a single
1964 machine.
1965
1966 http://cgfa.telepac.pt/ftp2/kernel.org/linux/kernel/people/jmerkey/nwfs/
1967
1968 0 = /dev/nwfs/v0 First NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
1969 1 = /dev/nwfs/v1 Second NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
1970 2 = /dev/nwfs/v2 Third NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
1971 ...
1972 255 = /dev/nwfs/v255 Last NetWare (NWFS) Logical Volume
1973
1974 116 char Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA)
1975
1976 116 block MicroMemory battery backed RAM adapter (NVRAM)
1977 Supports 16 boards, 15 partitions each.
1978 Requested by neilb at cse.unsw.edu.au.
1979
1980 0 = /dev/umem/d0 Whole of first board
1981 1 = /dev/umem/d0p1 First partition of first board
1982 2 = /dev/umem/d0p2 Second partition of first board
1983 15 = /dev/umem/d0p15 15th partition of first board
1984
1985 16 = /dev/umem/d1 Whole of second board
1986 17 = /dev/umem/d1p1 First partition of second board
1987 ...
1988 255= /dev/umem/d15p15 15th partition of 16th board.
1989
1990 117 char COSA/SRP synchronous serial card
1991 0 = /dev/cosa0c0 1st board, 1st channel
1992 1 = /dev/cosa0c1 1st board, 2nd channel
1993 ...
1994 16 = /dev/cosa1c0 2nd board, 1st channel
1995 17 = /dev/cosa1c1 2nd board, 2nd channel
1996 ...
1997
1998 117 block Enterprise Volume Management System (EVMS)
1999
2000 The EVMS driver uses a layered, plug-in model to provide
2001 unparalleled flexibility and extensibility in managing
2002 storage. This allows for easy expansion or customization
2003 of various levels of volume management. Requested by
2004 Mark Peloquin (peloquin at us.ibm.com).
2005
2006 Note: EVMS populates and manages all the devnodes in
2007 /dev/evms.
2008
2009 http://sf.net/projects/evms
2010
2011 0 = /dev/evms/block_device EVMS block device
2012 1 = /dev/evms/legacyname1 First EVMS legacy device
2013 2 = /dev/evms/legacyname2 Second EVMS legacy device
2014 ...
2015 Both ranges can grow (down or up) until they meet.
2016 ...
2017 254 = /dev/evms/EVMSname2 Second EVMS native device
2018 255 = /dev/evms/EVMSname1 First EVMS native device
2019
2020 Note: legacyname(s) are derived from the normal legacy
2021 device names. For example, /dev/hda5 would become
2022 /dev/evms/hda5.
2023
2024 118 char IBM Cryptographic Accelerator
2025 0 = /dev/ica Virtual interface to all IBM Crypto Accelerators
2026 1 = /dev/ica0 IBMCA Device 0
2027 2 = /dev/ica1 IBMCA Device 1
2028 ...
2029
2030 119 char VMware virtual network control
2031 0 = /dev/vnet0 1st virtual network
2032 1 = /dev/vnet1 2nd virtual network
2033 ...
2034
2035 120-127 char LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
2036
2037 120-127 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
2038 Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not
2039 assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
2040 used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
2041
2042 128-135 char Unix98 PTY masters
2043
2044 These devices should not have corresponding device
2045 nodes; instead they should be accessed through the
2046 /dev/ptmx cloning interface.
2047
2048 128 block SCSI disk devices (128-143)
2049 0 = /dev/sddy 129th SCSI disk whole disk
2050 16 = /dev/sddz 130th SCSI disk whole disk
2051 32 = /dev/sdea 131th SCSI disk whole disk
2052 ...
2053 240 = /dev/sden 144th SCSI disk whole disk
2054
2055 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2056 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2057 partitions is 15.
2058
2059 129 block SCSI disk devices (144-159)
2060 0 = /dev/sdeo 145th SCSI disk whole disk
2061 16 = /dev/sdep 146th SCSI disk whole disk
2062 32 = /dev/sdeq 147th SCSI disk whole disk
2063 ...
2064 240 = /dev/sdfd 160th SCSI disk whole disk
2065
2066 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2067 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2068 partitions is 15.
2069
2070 130 char (Misc devices)
2071
2072 130 block SCSI disk devices (160-175)
2073 0 = /dev/sdfe 161st SCSI disk whole disk
2074 16 = /dev/sdff 162nd SCSI disk whole disk
2075 32 = /dev/sdfg 163rd SCSI disk whole disk
2076 ...
2077 240 = /dev/sdft 176th SCSI disk whole disk
2078
2079 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2080 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2081 partitions is 15.
2082
2083 131 block SCSI disk devices (176-191)
2084 0 = /dev/sdfu 177th SCSI disk whole disk
2085 16 = /dev/sdfv 178th SCSI disk whole disk
2086 32 = /dev/sdfw 179th SCSI disk whole disk
2087 ...
2088 240 = /dev/sdgj 192nd SCSI disk whole disk
2089
2090 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2091 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2092 partitions is 15.
2093
2094 132 block SCSI disk devices (192-207)
2095 0 = /dev/sdgk 193rd SCSI disk whole disk
2096 16 = /dev/sdgl 194th SCSI disk whole disk
2097 32 = /dev/sdgm 195th SCSI disk whole disk
2098 ...
2099 240 = /dev/sdgz 208th SCSI disk whole disk
2100
2101 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2102 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2103 partitions is 15.
2104
2105 133 block SCSI disk devices (208-223)
2106 0 = /dev/sdha 209th SCSI disk whole disk
2107 16 = /dev/sdhb 210th SCSI disk whole disk
2108 32 = /dev/sdhc 211th SCSI disk whole disk
2109 ...
2110 240 = /dev/sdhp 224th SCSI disk whole disk
2111
2112 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2113 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2114 partitions is 15.
2115
2116 134 block SCSI disk devices (224-239)
2117 0 = /dev/sdhq 225th SCSI disk whole disk
2118 16 = /dev/sdhr 226th SCSI disk whole disk
2119 32 = /dev/sdhs 227th SCSI disk whole disk
2120 ...
2121 240 = /dev/sdif 240th SCSI disk whole disk
2122
2123 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2124 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2125 partitions is 15.
2126
2127 135 block SCSI disk devices (240-255)
2128 0 = /dev/sdig 241st SCSI disk whole disk
2129 16 = /dev/sdih 242nd SCSI disk whole disk
2130 32 = /dev/sdih 243rd SCSI disk whole disk
2131 ...
2132 240 = /dev/sdiv 256th SCSI disk whole disk
2133
2134 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2135 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2136 partitions is 15.
2137
2138 136-143 char Unix98 PTY slaves
2139 0 = /dev/pts/0 First Unix98 pseudo-TTY
2140 1 = /dev/pts/1 Second Unix98 pseudo-TTY
2141 ...
2142
2143 These device nodes are automatically generated with
2144 the proper permissions and modes by mounting the
2145 devpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriate
2146 mount options (distribution dependent, however, on
2147 *most* distributions the appropriate options are
2148 "mode=0620,gid=<gid of the "tty" group>".)
2149
2150 136 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; ninth controller
2151 0 = /dev/rd/c8d0 First disk, whole disk
2152 8 = /dev/rd/c8d1 Second disk, whole disk
2153 ...
2154 248 = /dev/rd/c8d31 32nd disk, whole disk
2155
2156 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2157
2158 137 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; tenth controller
2159 0 = /dev/rd/c9d0 First disk, whole disk
2160 8 = /dev/rd/c9d1 Second disk, whole disk
2161 ...
2162 248 = /dev/rd/c9d31 32nd disk, whole disk
2163
2164 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2165
2166 138 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eleventh controller
2167 0 = /dev/rd/c10d0 First disk, whole disk
2168 8 = /dev/rd/c10d1 Second disk, whole disk
2169 ...
2170 248 = /dev/rd/c10d31 32nd disk, whole disk
2171
2172 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2173
2174 139 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; twelfth controller
2175 0 = /dev/rd/c11d0 First disk, whole disk
2176 8 = /dev/rd/c11d1 Second disk, whole disk
2177 ...
2178 248 = /dev/rd/c11d31 32nd disk, whole disk
2179
2180 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2181
2182 140 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; thirteenth controller
2183 0 = /dev/rd/c12d0 First disk, whole disk
2184 8 = /dev/rd/c12d1 Second disk, whole disk
2185 ...
2186 248 = /dev/rd/c12d31 32nd disk, whole disk
2187
2188 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2189
2190 141 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourteenth controller
2191 0 = /dev/rd/c13d0 First disk, whole disk
2192 8 = /dev/rd/c13d1 Second disk, whole disk
2193 ...
2194 248 = /dev/rd/c13d31 32nd disk, whole disk
2195
2196 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2197
2198 142 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifteenth controller
2199 0 = /dev/rd/c14d0 First disk, whole disk
2200 8 = /dev/rd/c14d1 Second disk, whole disk
2201 ...
2202 248 = /dev/rd/c14d31 32nd disk, whole disk
2203
2204 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2205
2206 143 block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixteenth controller
2207 0 = /dev/rd/c15d0 First disk, whole disk
2208 8 = /dev/rd/c15d1 Second disk, whole disk
2209 ...
2210 248 = /dev/rd/c15d31 32nd disk, whole disk
2211
2212 Partitions are handled as for major 48.
2213
2214 144 char Encapsulated PPP
2215 0 = /dev/pppox0 First PPP over Ethernet
2216 ...
2217 63 = /dev/pppox63 64th PPP over Ethernet
2218
2219 This is primarily used for ADSL.
2220
2221 The SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface driver has been
2222 relocated to major 183 due to an unfortunate conflict.
2223
2224 144 block Expansion Area #1 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
2225 0 = mounted device 256
2226 255 = mounted device 511
2227
2228 145 char SAM9407-based soundcard
2229 0 = /dev/sam0_mixer
2230 1 = /dev/sam0_sequencer
2231 2 = /dev/sam0_midi00
2232 3 = /dev/sam0_dsp
2233 4 = /dev/sam0_audio
2234 6 = /dev/sam0_sndstat
2235 18 = /dev/sam0_midi01
2236 34 = /dev/sam0_midi02
2237 50 = /dev/sam0_midi03
2238 64 = /dev/sam1_mixer
2239 ...
2240 128 = /dev/sam2_mixer
2241 ...
2242 192 = /dev/sam3_mixer
2243 ...
2244
2245 Device functions match OSS, but offer a number of
2246 addons, which are sam9407 specific. OSS can be
2247 operated simultaneously, taking care of the codec.
2248
2249 145 block Expansion Area #2 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
2250 0 = mounted device 512
2251 255 = mounted device 767
2252
2253 146 char SYSTRAM SCRAMNet mirrored-memory network
2254 0 = /dev/scramnet0 First SCRAMNet device
2255 1 = /dev/scramnet1 Second SCRAMNet device
2256 ...
2257
2258 146 block Expansion Area #3 for more non-device (e.g. NFS) mounts
2259 0 = mounted device 768
2260 255 = mounted device 1023
2261
2262 147 char Aureal Semiconductor Vortex Audio device
2263 0 = /dev/aureal0 First Aureal Vortex
2264 1 = /dev/aureal1 Second Aureal Vortex
2265 ...
2266
2267 147 block Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD)
2268 0 = /dev/drbd0 First DRBD device
2269 1 = /dev/drbd1 Second DRBD device
2270 ...
2271
2272 148 char Technology Concepts serial card
2273 0 = /dev/ttyT0 First TCL port
2274 1 = /dev/ttyT1 Second TCL port
2275 ...
2276
2277 149 char Technology Concepts serial card - alternate devices
2278 0 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT0
2279 1 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT1
2280 ...
2281
2282 150 char Real-Time Linux FIFOs
2283 0 = /dev/rtf0 First RTLinux FIFO
2284 1 = /dev/rtf1 Second RTLinux FIFO
2285 ...
2286
2287 151 char DPT I2O SmartRaid V controller
2288 0 = /dev/dpti0 First DPT I2O adapter
2289 1 = /dev/dpti1 Second DPT I2O adapter
2290 ...
2291
2292 152 char EtherDrive Control Device
2293 0 = /dev/etherd/ctl Connect/Disconnect an EtherDrive
2294 1 = /dev/etherd/err Monitor errors
2295 2 = /dev/etherd/raw Raw AoE packet monitor
2296
2297 152 block EtherDrive Block Devices
2298 0 = /dev/etherd/0 EtherDrive 0
2299 ...
2300 255 = /dev/etherd/255 EtherDrive 255
2301
2302 153 char SPI Bus Interface (sometimes referred to as MicroWire)
2303 0 = /dev/spi0 First SPI device on the bus
2304 1 = /dev/spi1 Second SPI device on the bus
2305 ...
2306 15 = /dev/spi15 Sixteenth SPI device on the bus
2307
2308 153 block Enhanced Metadisk RAID (EMD) storage units
2309 0 = /dev/emd/0 First unit
2310 1 = /dev/emd/0p1 Partition 1 on First unit
2311 2 = /dev/emd/0p2 Partition 2 on First unit
2312 ...
2313 15 = /dev/emd/0p15 Partition 15 on First unit
2314
2315 16 = /dev/emd/1 Second unit
2316 32 = /dev/emd/2 Third unit
2317 ...
2318 240 = /dev/emd/15 Sixteenth unit
2319
2320 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2321 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2322 partitions is 15.
2323
2324 154 char Specialix RIO serial card
2325 0 = /dev/ttySR0 First RIO port
2326 ...
2327 255 = /dev/ttySR255 256th RIO port
2328
2329 155 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices
2330 0 = /dev/cusr0 Callout device for ttySR0
2331 ...
2332 255 = /dev/cusr255 Callout device for ttySR255
2333
2334 156 char Specialix RIO serial card
2335 0 = /dev/ttySR256 257th RIO port
2336 ...
2337 255 = /dev/ttySR511 512th RIO port
2338
2339 157 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices
2340 0 = /dev/cusr256 Callout device for ttySR256
2341 ...
2342 255 = /dev/cusr511 Callout device for ttySR511
2343
2344 158 char Dialogic GammaLink fax driver
2345 0 = /dev/gfax0 GammaLink channel 0
2346 1 = /dev/gfax1 GammaLink channel 1
2347 ...
2348
2349 159 char RESERVED
2350
2351 159 block RESERVED
2352
2353 160 char General Purpose Instrument Bus (GPIB)
2354 0 = /dev/gpib0 First GPIB bus
2355 1 = /dev/gpib1 Second GPIB bus
2356 ...
2357
2358 160 block Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on First Controller
2359 0 = /dev/carmel/0 SATA disk 0 whole disk
2360 1 = /dev/carmel/0p1 SATA disk 0 partition 1
2361 ...
2362 31 = /dev/carmel/0p31 SATA disk 0 partition 31
2363
2364 32 = /dev/carmel/1 SATA disk 1 whole disk
2365 64 = /dev/carmel/2 SATA disk 2 whole disk
2366 ...
2367 224 = /dev/carmel/7 SATA disk 7 whole disk
2368
2369 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2370 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2371 partitions is 31.
2372
2373 161 char IrCOMM devices (IrDA serial/parallel emulation)
2374 0 = /dev/ircomm0 First IrCOMM device
2375 1 = /dev/ircomm1 Second IrCOMM device
2376 ...
2377 16 = /dev/irlpt0 First IrLPT device
2378 17 = /dev/irlpt1 Second IrLPT device
2379 ...
2380
2381 161 block Carmel 8-port SATA Disks on Second Controller
2382 0 = /dev/carmel/8 SATA disk 8 whole disk
2383 1 = /dev/carmel/8p1 SATA disk 8 partition 1
2384 ...
2385 31 = /dev/carmel/8p31 SATA disk 8 partition 31
2386
2387 32 = /dev/carmel/9 SATA disk 9 whole disk
2388 64 = /dev/carmel/10 SATA disk 10 whole disk
2389 ...
2390 224 = /dev/carmel/15 SATA disk 15 whole disk
2391
2392 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2393 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2394 partitions is 31.
2395
2396 162 char Raw block device interface
2397 0 = /dev/rawctl Raw I/O control device
2398 1 = /dev/raw/raw1 First raw I/O device
2399 2 = /dev/raw/raw2 Second raw I/O device
2400 ...
2401 max minor number of raw device is set by kernel config
2402 MAX_RAW_DEVS or raw module parameter 'max_raw_devs'
2403
2404 163 char
2405
2406 164 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card
2407 0 = /dev/ttyCH0 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 0
2408 ...
2409 15 = /dev/ttyCH15 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 15
2410 16 = /dev/ttyCH16 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 0
2411 ...
2412 31 = /dev/ttyCH31 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 15
2413 32 = /dev/ttyCH32 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 0
2414 ...
2415 47 = /dev/ttyCH47 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 15
2416 48 = /dev/ttyCH48 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 0
2417 ...
2418 63 = /dev/ttyCH63 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 15
2419
2420 165 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card - alternate devices
2421 0 = /dev/cuch0 Callout device for ttyCH0
2422 ...
2423 63 = /dev/cuch63 Callout device for ttyCH63
2424
2425 166 char ACM USB modems
2426 0 = /dev/ttyACM0 First ACM modem
2427 1 = /dev/ttyACM1 Second ACM modem
2428 ...
2429
2430 167 char ACM USB modems - alternate devices
2431 0 = /dev/cuacm0 Callout device for ttyACM0
2432 1 = /dev/cuacm1 Callout device for ttyACM1
2433 ...
2434
2435 168 char Eracom CSA7000 PCI encryption adaptor
2436 0 = /dev/ecsa0 First CSA7000
2437 1 = /dev/ecsa1 Second CSA7000
2438 ...
2439
2440 169 char Eracom CSA8000 PCI encryption adaptor
2441 0 = /dev/ecsa8-0 First CSA8000
2442 1 = /dev/ecsa8-1 Second CSA8000
2443 ...
2444
2445 170 char AMI MegaRAC remote access controller
2446 0 = /dev/megarac0 First MegaRAC card
2447 1 = /dev/megarac1 Second MegaRAC card
2448 ...
2449
2450 171 char Reserved for IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
2451
2452 172 char Moxa Intellio serial card
2453 0 = /dev/ttyMX0 First Moxa port
2454 1 = /dev/ttyMX1 Second Moxa port
2455 ...
2456 127 = /dev/ttyMX127 128th Moxa port
2457 128 = /dev/moxactl Moxa control port
2458
2459 173 char Moxa Intellio serial card - alternate devices
2460 0 = /dev/cumx0 Callout device for ttyMX0
2461 1 = /dev/cumx1 Callout device for ttyMX1
2462 ...
2463 127 = /dev/cumx127 Callout device for ttyMX127
2464
2465 174 char SmartIO serial card
2466 0 = /dev/ttySI0 First SmartIO port
2467 1 = /dev/ttySI1 Second SmartIO port
2468 ...
2469
2470 175 char SmartIO serial card - alternate devices
2471 0 = /dev/cusi0 Callout device for ttySI0
2472 1 = /dev/cusi1 Callout device for ttySI1
2473 ...
2474
2475 176 char nCipher nFast PCI crypto accelerator
2476 0 = /dev/nfastpci0 First nFast PCI device
2477 1 = /dev/nfastpci1 First nFast PCI device
2478 ...
2479
2480 177 char TI PCILynx memory spaces
2481 0 = /dev/pcilynx/aux0 AUX space of first PCILynx card
2482 ...
2483 15 = /dev/pcilynx/aux15 AUX space of 16th PCILynx card
2484 16 = /dev/pcilynx/rom0 ROM space of first PCILynx card
2485 ...
2486 31 = /dev/pcilynx/rom15 ROM space of 16th PCILynx card
2487 32 = /dev/pcilynx/ram0 RAM space of first PCILynx card
2488 ...
2489 47 = /dev/pcilynx/ram15 RAM space of 16th PCILynx card
2490
2491 178 char Giganet cLAN1xxx virtual interface adapter
2492 0 = /dev/clanvi0 First cLAN adapter
2493 1 = /dev/clanvi1 Second cLAN adapter
2494 ...
2495
2496 179 block MMC block devices
2497 0 = /dev/mmcblk0 First SD/MMC card
2498 1 = /dev/mmcblk0p1 First partition on first MMC card
2499 8 = /dev/mmcblk1 Second SD/MMC card
2500 ...
2501
2502 The start of next SD/MMC card can be configured with
2503 CONFIG_MMC_BLOCK_MINORS, or overridden at boot/modprobe
2504 time using the mmcblk.perdev_minors option. That would
2505 bump the offset between each card to be the configured
2506 value instead of the default 8.
2507
2508 179 char CCube DVXChip-based PCI products
2509 0 = /dev/dvxirq0 First DVX device
2510 1 = /dev/dvxirq1 Second DVX device
2511 ...
2512
2513 180 char USB devices
2514 0 = /dev/usb/lp0 First USB printer
2515 ...
2516 15 = /dev/usb/lp15 16th USB printer
2517 48 = /dev/usb/scanner0 First USB scanner
2518 ...
2519 63 = /dev/usb/scanner15 16th USB scanner
2520 64 = /dev/usb/rio500 Diamond Rio 500
2521 65 = /dev/usb/usblcd USBLCD Interface (info@usblcd.de)
2522 66 = /dev/usb/cpad0 Synaptics cPad (mouse/LCD)
2523 96 = /dev/usb/hiddev0 1st USB HID device
2524 ...
2525 111 = /dev/usb/hiddev15 16th USB HID device
2526 112 = /dev/usb/auer0 1st auerswald ISDN device
2527 ...
2528 127 = /dev/usb/auer15 16th auerswald ISDN device
2529 128 = /dev/usb/brlvgr0 First Braille Voyager device
2530 ...
2531 131 = /dev/usb/brlvgr3 Fourth Braille Voyager device
2532 132 = /dev/usb/idmouse ID Mouse (fingerprint scanner) device
2533 133 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga1 First SiSUSB VGA device
2534 ...
2535 140 = /dev/usb/sisusbvga8 Eighth SISUSB VGA device
2536 144 = /dev/usb/lcd USB LCD device
2537 160 = /dev/usb/legousbtower0 1st USB Legotower device
2538 ...
2539 175 = /dev/usb/legousbtower15 16th USB Legotower device
2540 176 = /dev/usb/usbtmc1 First USB TMC device
2541 ...
2542 191 = /dev/usb/usbtmc16 16th USB TMC device
2543 192 = /dev/usb/yurex1 First USB Yurex device
2544 ...
2545 209 = /dev/usb/yurex16 16th USB Yurex device
2546
2547 180 block USB block devices
2548 0 = /dev/uba First USB block device
2549 8 = /dev/ubb Second USB block device
2550 16 = /dev/ubc Third USB block device
2551 ...
2552
2553 181 char Conrad Electronic parallel port radio clocks
2554 0 = /dev/pcfclock0 First Conrad radio clock
2555 1 = /dev/pcfclock1 Second Conrad radio clock
2556 ...
2557
2558 182 char Picture Elements THR2 binarizer
2559 0 = /dev/pethr0 First THR2 board
2560 1 = /dev/pethr1 Second THR2 board
2561 ...
2562
2563 183 char SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface
2564 0 = /dev/ss5136dn0 First DeviceNet interface
2565 1 = /dev/ss5136dn1 Second DeviceNet interface
2566 ...
2567
2568 This device used to be assigned to major number 144.
2569 It had to be moved due to an unfortunate conflict.
2570
2571 184 char Picture Elements' video simulator/sender
2572 0 = /dev/pevss0 First sender board
2573 1 = /dev/pevss1 Second sender board
2574 ...
2575
2576 185 char InterMezzo high availability file system
2577 0 = /dev/intermezzo0 First cache manager
2578 1 = /dev/intermezzo1 Second cache manager
2579 ...
2580
2581 See http://web.archive.org/web/20080115195241/
2582 http://inter-mezzo.org/index.html
2583
2584 186 char Object-based storage control device
2585 0 = /dev/obd0 First obd control device
2586 1 = /dev/obd1 Second obd control device
2587 ...
2588
2589 See ftp://ftp.lustre.org/pub/obd for code and information.
2590
2591 187 char DESkey hardware encryption device
2592 0 = /dev/deskey0 First DES key
2593 1 = /dev/deskey1 Second DES key
2594 ...
2595
2596 188 char USB serial converters
2597 0 = /dev/ttyUSB0 First USB serial converter
2598 1 = /dev/ttyUSB1 Second USB serial converter
2599 ...
2600
2601 189 char USB serial converters - alternate devices
2602 0 = /dev/cuusb0 Callout device for ttyUSB0
2603 1 = /dev/cuusb1 Callout device for ttyUSB1
2604 ...
2605
2606 190 char Kansas City tracker/tuner card
2607 0 = /dev/kctt0 First KCT/T card
2608 1 = /dev/kctt1 Second KCT/T card
2609 ...
2610
2611 191 char Reserved for PCMCIA
2612
2613 192 char Kernel profiling interface
2614 0 = /dev/profile Profiling control device
2615 1 = /dev/profile0 Profiling device for CPU 0
2616 2 = /dev/profile1 Profiling device for CPU 1
2617 ...
2618
2619 193 char Kernel event-tracing interface
2620 0 = /dev/trace Tracing control device
2621 1 = /dev/trace0 Tracing device for CPU 0
2622 2 = /dev/trace1 Tracing device for CPU 1
2623 ...
2624
2625 194 char linVideoStreams (LINVS)
2626 0 = /dev/mvideo/status0 Video compression status
2627 1 = /dev/mvideo/stream0 Video stream
2628 2 = /dev/mvideo/frame0 Single compressed frame
2629 3 = /dev/mvideo/rawframe0 Raw uncompressed frame
2630 4 = /dev/mvideo/codec0 Direct codec access
2631 5 = /dev/mvideo/video4linux0 Video4Linux compatibility
2632
2633 16 = /dev/mvideo/status1 Second device
2634 ...
2635 32 = /dev/mvideo/status2 Third device
2636 ...
2637 ...
2638 240 = /dev/mvideo/status15 16th device
2639 ...
2640
2641 195 char Nvidia graphics devices
2642 0 = /dev/nvidia0 First Nvidia card
2643 1 = /dev/nvidia1 Second Nvidia card
2644 ...
2645 255 = /dev/nvidiactl Nvidia card control device
2646
2647 196 char Tormenta T1 card
2648 0 = /dev/tor/0 Master control channel for all cards
2649 1 = /dev/tor/1 First DS0
2650 2 = /dev/tor/2 Second DS0
2651 ...
2652 48 = /dev/tor/48 48th DS0
2653 49 = /dev/tor/49 First pseudo-channel
2654 50 = /dev/tor/50 Second pseudo-channel
2655 ...
2656
2657 197 char OpenTNF tracing facility
2658 0 = /dev/tnf/t0 Trace 0 data extraction
2659 1 = /dev/tnf/t1 Trace 1 data extraction
2660 ...
2661 128 = /dev/tnf/status Tracing facility status
2662 130 = /dev/tnf/trace Tracing device
2663
2664 198 char Total Impact TPMP2 quad coprocessor PCI card
2665 0 = /dev/tpmp2/0 First card
2666 1 = /dev/tpmp2/1 Second card
2667 ...
2668
2669 199 char Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes
2670 0 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/* First volume
2671 1 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/* Second volume
2672 ...
2673
2674 199 block Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes
2675 0 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/* First volume
2676 1 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/* Second volume
2677 ...
2678
2679 The namespace in these directories is maintained by
2680 the user space VxVM software.
2681
2682 200 char Veritas VxVM configuration interface
2683 0 = /dev/vx/config Configuration access node
2684 1 = /dev/vx/trace Volume i/o trace access node
2685 2 = /dev/vx/iod Volume i/o daemon access node
2686 3 = /dev/vx/info Volume information access node
2687 4 = /dev/vx/task Volume tasks access node
2688 5 = /dev/vx/taskmon Volume tasks monitor daemon
2689
2690 201 char Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver
2691 0 = /dev/vx/rdmp/* First multipath device
2692 1 = /dev/vx/rdmp/* Second multipath device
2693 ...
2694 201 block Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver
2695 0 = /dev/vx/dmp/* First multipath device
2696 1 = /dev/vx/dmp/* Second multipath device
2697 ...
2698
2699 The namespace in these directories is maintained by
2700 the user space VxVM software.
2701
2702 202 char CPU model-specific registers
2703 0 = /dev/cpu/0/msr MSRs on CPU 0
2704 1 = /dev/cpu/1/msr MSRs on CPU 1
2705 ...
2706
2707 202 block Xen Virtual Block Device
2708 0 = /dev/xvda First Xen VBD whole disk
2709 16 = /dev/xvdb Second Xen VBD whole disk
2710 32 = /dev/xvdc Third Xen VBD whole disk
2711 ...
2712 240 = /dev/xvdp Sixteenth Xen VBD whole disk
2713
2714 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
2715 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
2716 partitions is 15.
2717
2718 203 char CPU CPUID information
2719 0 = /dev/cpu/0/cpuid CPUID on CPU 0
2720 1 = /dev/cpu/1/cpuid CPUID on CPU 1
2721 ...
2722
2723 204 char Low-density serial ports
2724 0 = /dev/ttyLU0 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 0
2725 1 = /dev/ttyLU1 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 1
2726 2 = /dev/ttyLU2 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 2
2727 3 = /dev/ttyLU3 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 3
2728 4 = /dev/ttyFB0 Intel Footbridge (ARM)
2729 5 = /dev/ttySA0 StrongARM builtin serial port 0
2730 6 = /dev/ttySA1 StrongARM builtin serial port 1
2731 7 = /dev/ttySA2 StrongARM builtin serial port 2
2732 8 = /dev/ttySC0 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 0
2733 9 = /dev/ttySC1 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 1
2734 10 = /dev/ttySC2 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 2
2735 11 = /dev/ttySC3 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 3
2736 12 = /dev/ttyFW0 Firmware console - port 0
2737 13 = /dev/ttyFW1 Firmware console - port 1
2738 14 = /dev/ttyFW2 Firmware console - port 2
2739 15 = /dev/ttyFW3 Firmware console - port 3
2740 16 = /dev/ttyAM0 ARM "AMBA" serial port 0
2741 ...
2742 31 = /dev/ttyAM15 ARM "AMBA" serial port 15
2743 32 = /dev/ttyDB0 DataBooster serial port 0
2744 ...
2745 39 = /dev/ttyDB7 DataBooster serial port 7
2746 40 = /dev/ttySG0 SGI Altix console port
2747 41 = /dev/ttySMX0 Motorola i.MX - port 0
2748 42 = /dev/ttySMX1 Motorola i.MX - port 1
2749 43 = /dev/ttySMX2 Motorola i.MX - port 2
2750 44 = /dev/ttyMM0 Marvell MPSC - port 0
2751 45 = /dev/ttyMM1 Marvell MPSC - port 1
2752 46 = /dev/ttyCPM0 PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 0
2753 ...
2754 47 = /dev/ttyCPM5 PPC CPM (SCC or SMC) - port 5
2755 50 = /dev/ttyIOC0 Altix serial card
2756 ...
2757 81 = /dev/ttyIOC31 Altix serial card
2758 82 = /dev/ttyVR0 NEC VR4100 series SIU
2759 83 = /dev/ttyVR1 NEC VR4100 series DSIU
2760 84 = /dev/ttyIOC84 Altix ioc4 serial card
2761 ...
2762 115 = /dev/ttyIOC115 Altix ioc4 serial card
2763 116 = /dev/ttySIOC0 Altix ioc3 serial card
2764 ...
2765 147 = /dev/ttySIOC31 Altix ioc3 serial card
2766 148 = /dev/ttyPSC0 PPC PSC - port 0
2767 ...
2768 153 = /dev/ttyPSC5 PPC PSC - port 5
2769 154 = /dev/ttyAT0 ATMEL serial port 0
2770 ...
2771 169 = /dev/ttyAT15 ATMEL serial port 15
2772 170 = /dev/ttyNX0 Hilscher netX serial port 0
2773 ...
2774 185 = /dev/ttyNX15 Hilscher netX serial port 15
2775 186 = /dev/ttyJ0 JTAG1 DCC protocol based serial port emulation
2776 187 = /dev/ttyUL0 Xilinx uartlite - port 0
2777 ...
2778 190 = /dev/ttyUL3 Xilinx uartlite - port 3
2779 191 = /dev/xvc0 Xen virtual console - port 0
2780 192 = /dev/ttyPZ0 pmac_zilog - port 0
2781 ...
2782 195 = /dev/ttyPZ3 pmac_zilog - port 3
2783 196 = /dev/ttyTX0 TX39/49 serial port 0
2784 ...
2785 204 = /dev/ttyTX7 TX39/49 serial port 7
2786 205 = /dev/ttySC0 SC26xx serial port 0
2787 206 = /dev/ttySC1 SC26xx serial port 1
2788 207 = /dev/ttySC2 SC26xx serial port 2
2789 208 = /dev/ttySC3 SC26xx serial port 3
2790 209 = /dev/ttyMAX0 MAX3100 serial port 0
2791 210 = /dev/ttyMAX1 MAX3100 serial port 1
2792 211 = /dev/ttyMAX2 MAX3100 serial port 2
2793 212 = /dev/ttyMAX3 MAX3100 serial port 3
2794
2795 205 char Low-density serial ports (alternate device)
2796 0 = /dev/culu0 Callout device for ttyLU0
2797 1 = /dev/culu1 Callout device for ttyLU1
2798 2 = /dev/culu2 Callout device for ttyLU2
2799 3 = /dev/culu3 Callout device for ttyLU3
2800 4 = /dev/cufb0 Callout device for ttyFB0
2801 5 = /dev/cusa0 Callout device for ttySA0
2802 6 = /dev/cusa1 Callout device for ttySA1
2803 7 = /dev/cusa2 Callout device for ttySA2
2804 8 = /dev/cusc0 Callout device for ttySC0
2805 9 = /dev/cusc1 Callout device for ttySC1
2806 10 = /dev/cusc2 Callout device for ttySC2
2807 11 = /dev/cusc3 Callout device for ttySC3
2808 12 = /dev/cufw0 Callout device for ttyFW0
2809 13 = /dev/cufw1 Callout device for ttyFW1
2810 14 = /dev/cufw2 Callout device for ttyFW2
2811 15 = /dev/cufw3 Callout device for ttyFW3
2812 16 = /dev/cuam0 Callout device for ttyAM0
2813 ...
2814 31 = /dev/cuam15 Callout device for ttyAM15
2815 32 = /dev/cudb0 Callout device for ttyDB0
2816 ...
2817 39 = /dev/cudb7 Callout device for ttyDB7
2818 40 = /dev/cusg0 Callout device for ttySG0
2819 41 = /dev/ttycusmx0 Callout device for ttySMX0
2820 42 = /dev/ttycusmx1 Callout device for ttySMX1
2821 43 = /dev/ttycusmx2 Callout device for ttySMX2
2822 46 = /dev/cucpm0 Callout device for ttyCPM0
2823 ...
2824 49 = /dev/cucpm5 Callout device for ttyCPM5
2825 50 = /dev/cuioc40 Callout device for ttyIOC40
2826 ...
2827 81 = /dev/cuioc431 Callout device for ttyIOC431
2828 82 = /dev/cuvr0 Callout device for ttyVR0
2829 83 = /dev/cuvr1 Callout device for ttyVR1
2830
2831 206 char OnStream SC-x0 tape devices
2832 0 = /dev/osst0 First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
2833 1 = /dev/osst1 Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0
2834 ...
2835 32 = /dev/osst0l First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1
2836 33 = /dev/osst1l Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1
2837 ...
2838 64 = /dev/osst0m First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2
2839 65 = /dev/osst1m Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2
2840 ...
2841 96 = /dev/osst0a First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3
2842 97 = /dev/osst1a Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3
2843 ...
2844 128 = /dev/nosst0 No rewind version of /dev/osst0
2845 129 = /dev/nosst1 No rewind version of /dev/osst1
2846 ...
2847 160 = /dev/nosst0l No rewind version of /dev/osst0l
2848 161 = /dev/nosst1l No rewind version of /dev/osst1l
2849 ...
2850 192 = /dev/nosst0m No rewind version of /dev/osst0m
2851 193 = /dev/nosst1m No rewind version of /dev/osst1m
2852 ...
2853 224 = /dev/nosst0a No rewind version of /dev/osst0a
2854 225 = /dev/nosst1a No rewind version of /dev/osst1a
2855 ...
2856
2857 The OnStream SC-x0 SCSI tapes do not support the
2858 standard SCSI SASD command set and therefore need
2859 their own driver "osst". Note that the IDE, USB (and
2860 maybe ParPort) versions may be driven via ide-scsi or
2861 usb-storage SCSI emulation and this osst device and
2862 driver as well. The ADR-x0 drives are QIC-157
2863 compliant and don't need osst.
2864
2865 207 char Compaq ProLiant health feature indicate
2866 0 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpqw Redirector interface
2867 1 = /dev/cpqhealth/crom EISA CROM
2868 2 = /dev/cpqhealth/cdt Data Table
2869 3 = /dev/cpqhealth/cevt Event Log
2870 4 = /dev/cpqhealth/casr Automatic Server Recovery
2871 5 = /dev/cpqhealth/cecc ECC Memory
2872 6 = /dev/cpqhealth/cmca Machine Check Architecture
2873 7 = /dev/cpqhealth/ccsm Deprecated CDT
2874 8 = /dev/cpqhealth/cnmi NMI Handling
2875 9 = /dev/cpqhealth/css Sideshow Management
2876 10 = /dev/cpqhealth/cram CMOS interface
2877 11 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpci PCI IRQ interface
2878
2879 208 char User space serial ports
2880 0 = /dev/ttyU0 First user space serial port
2881 1 = /dev/ttyU1 Second user space serial port
2882 ...
2883
2884 209 char User space serial ports (alternate devices)
2885 0 = /dev/cuu0 Callout device for ttyU0
2886 1 = /dev/cuu1 Callout device for ttyU1
2887 ...
2888
2889 210 char SBE, Inc. sync/async serial card
2890 0 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg0 Configuration device for board 0
2891 1 = /dev/sbei/dld0 Download device for board 0
2892 2 = /dev/sbei/wan00 WAN device, port 0, board 0
2893 3 = /dev/sbei/wan01 WAN device, port 1, board 0
2894 4 = /dev/sbei/wan02 WAN device, port 2, board 0
2895 5 = /dev/sbei/wan03 WAN device, port 3, board 0
2896 6 = /dev/sbei/wanc00 WAN clone device, port 0, board 0
2897 7 = /dev/sbei/wanc01 WAN clone device, port 1, board 0
2898 8 = /dev/sbei/wanc02 WAN clone device, port 2, board 0
2899 9 = /dev/sbei/wanc03 WAN clone device, port 3, board 0
2900 10 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg1 Configuration device for board 1
2901 11 = /dev/sbei/dld1 Download device for board 1
2902 12 = /dev/sbei/wan10 WAN device, port 0, board 1
2903 13 = /dev/sbei/wan11 WAN device, port 1, board 1
2904 14 = /dev/sbei/wan12 WAN device, port 2, board 1
2905 15 = /dev/sbei/wan13 WAN device, port 3, board 1
2906 16 = /dev/sbei/wanc10 WAN clone device, port 0, board 1
2907 17 = /dev/sbei/wanc11 WAN clone device, port 1, board 1
2908 18 = /dev/sbei/wanc12 WAN clone device, port 2, board 1
2909 19 = /dev/sbei/wanc13 WAN clone device, port 3, board 1
2910 ...
2911
2912 Yes, each board is really spaced 10 (decimal) apart.
2913
2914 211 char Addinum CPCI1500 digital I/O card
2915 0 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/0 First CPCI1500 card
2916 1 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/1 Second CPCI1500 card
2917 ...
2918
2919 212 char LinuxTV.org DVB driver subsystem
2920 0 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video0 first video decoder of first card
2921 1 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/audio0 first audio decoder of first card
2922 2 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/sec0 (obsolete/unused)
2923 3 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/frontend0 first frontend device of first card
2924 4 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/demux0 first demux device of first card
2925 5 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/dvr0 first digital video recoder device of first card
2926 6 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/ca0 first common access port of first card
2927 7 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/net0 first network device of first card
2928 8 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/osd0 first on-screen-display device of first card
2929 9 = /dev/dvb/adapter0/video1 second video decoder of first card
2930 ...
2931 64 = /dev/dvb/adapter1/video0 first video decoder of second card
2932 ...
2933 128 = /dev/dvb/adapter2/video0 first video decoder of third card
2934 ...
2935 196 = /dev/dvb/adapter3/video0 first video decoder of fourth card
2936
2937 216 char Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices
2938 0 = /dev/rfcomm0 First Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device
2939 1 = /dev/rfcomm1 Second Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY device
2940 ...
2941
2942 217 char Bluetooth RFCOMM TTY devices (alternate devices)
2943 0 = /dev/curf0 Callout device for rfcomm0
2944 1 = /dev/curf1 Callout device for rfcomm1
2945 ...
2946
2947 218 char The Logical Company bus Unibus/Qbus adapters
2948 0 = /dev/logicalco/bci/0 First bus adapter
2949 1 = /dev/logicalco/bci/1 First bus adapter
2950 ...
2951
2952 219 char The Logical Company DCI-1300 digital I/O card
2953 0 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/0 First DCI-1300 card
2954 1 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/1 Second DCI-1300 card
2955 ...
2956
2957 220 char Myricom Myrinet "GM" board
2958 0 = /dev/myricom/gm0 First Myrinet GM board
2959 1 = /dev/myricom/gmp0 First board "root access"
2960 2 = /dev/myricom/gm1 Second Myrinet GM board
2961 3 = /dev/myricom/gmp1 Second board "root access"
2962 ...
2963
2964 221 char VME bus
2965 0 = /dev/bus/vme/m0 First master image
2966 1 = /dev/bus/vme/m1 Second master image
2967 2 = /dev/bus/vme/m2 Third master image
2968 3 = /dev/bus/vme/m3 Fourth master image
2969 4 = /dev/bus/vme/s0 First slave image
2970 5 = /dev/bus/vme/s1 Second slave image
2971 6 = /dev/bus/vme/s2 Third slave image
2972 7 = /dev/bus/vme/s3 Fourth slave image
2973 8 = /dev/bus/vme/ctl Control
2974
2975 It is expected that all VME bus drivers will use the
2976 same interface. For interface documentation see
2977 http://www.vmelinux.org/.
2978
2979 224 char A2232 serial card
2980 0 = /dev/ttyY0 First A2232 port
2981 1 = /dev/ttyY1 Second A2232 port
2982 ...
2983
2984 225 char A2232 serial card (alternate devices)
2985 0 = /dev/cuy0 Callout device for ttyY0
2986 1 = /dev/cuy1 Callout device for ttyY1
2987 ...
2988
2989 226 char Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI)
2990 0 = /dev/dri/card0 First graphics card
2991 1 = /dev/dri/card1 Second graphics card
2992 ...
2993
2994 227 char IBM 3270 terminal Unix tty access
2995 1 = /dev/3270/tty1 First 3270 terminal
2996 2 = /dev/3270/tty2 Seconds 3270 terminal
2997 ...
2998
2999 228 char IBM 3270 terminal block-mode access
3000 0 = /dev/3270/tub Controlling interface
3001 1 = /dev/3270/tub1 First 3270 terminal
3002 2 = /dev/3270/tub2 Second 3270 terminal
3003 ...
3004
3005 229 char IBM iSeries/pSeries virtual console
3006 0 = /dev/hvc0 First console port
3007 1 = /dev/hvc1 Second console port
3008 ...
3009
3010 230 char IBM iSeries virtual tape
3011 0 = /dev/iseries/vt0 First virtual tape, mode 0
3012 1 = /dev/iseries/vt1 Second virtual tape, mode 0
3013 ...
3014 32 = /dev/iseries/vt0l First virtual tape, mode 1
3015 33 = /dev/iseries/vt1l Second virtual tape, mode 1
3016 ...
3017 64 = /dev/iseries/vt0m First virtual tape, mode 2
3018 65 = /dev/iseries/vt1m Second virtual tape, mode 2
3019 ...
3020 96 = /dev/iseries/vt0a First virtual tape, mode 3
3021 97 = /dev/iseries/vt1a Second virtual tape, mode 3
3022 ...
3023 128 = /dev/iseries/nvt0 First virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind
3024 129 = /dev/iseries/nvt1 Second virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind
3025 ...
3026 160 = /dev/iseries/nvt0l First virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind
3027 161 = /dev/iseries/nvt1l Second virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind
3028 ...
3029 192 = /dev/iseries/nvt0m First virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind
3030 193 = /dev/iseries/nvt1m Second virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind
3031 ...
3032 224 = /dev/iseries/nvt0a First virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind
3033 225 = /dev/iseries/nvt1a Second virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind
3034 ...
3035
3036 "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default
3037 automatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFL
3038 ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of
3039 the device used to access it.
3040
3041 231 char InfiniBand
3042 0 = /dev/infiniband/umad0
3043 1 = /dev/infiniband/umad1
3044 ...
3045 63 = /dev/infiniband/umad63 63rd InfiniBandMad device
3046 64 = /dev/infiniband/issm0 First InfiniBand IsSM device
3047 65 = /dev/infiniband/issm1 Second InfiniBand IsSM device
3048 ...
3049 127 = /dev/infiniband/issm63 63rd InfiniBand IsSM device
3050 128 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs0 First InfiniBand verbs device
3051 129 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs1 Second InfiniBand verbs device
3052 ...
3053 159 = /dev/infiniband/uverbs31 31st InfiniBand verbs device
3054
3055 232 char Biometric Devices
3056 0 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on first device
3057 1 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/iris first iris sensor on first device
3058 2 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/retina first retina sensor on first device
3059 3 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/voiceprint first voiceprint sensor on first device
3060 4 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/facial first facial sensor on first device
3061 5 = /dev/biometric/sensor0/hand first hand sensor on first device
3062 ...
3063 10 = /dev/biometric/sensor1/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on second device
3064 ...
3065 20 = /dev/biometric/sensor2/fingerprint first fingerprint sensor on third device
3066 ...
3067
3068 233 char PathScale InfiniPath interconnect
3069 0 = /dev/ipath Primary device for programs (any unit)
3070 1 = /dev/ipath0 Access specifically to unit 0
3071 2 = /dev/ipath1 Access specifically to unit 1
3072 ...
3073 4 = /dev/ipath3 Access specifically to unit 3
3074 129 = /dev/ipath_sma Device used by Subnet Management Agent
3075 130 = /dev/ipath_diag Device used by diagnostics programs
3076
3077 234-254 char RESERVED FOR DYNAMIC ASSIGNMENT
3078 Character devices that request a dynamic allocation of major number will
3079 take numbers starting from 254 and downward.
3080
3081 240-254 block LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
3082 Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not
3083 assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
3084 used in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
3085
3086 255 char RESERVED
3087
3088 255 block RESERVED
3089
3090 This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a
3091 larger number space. No device nodes with this major
3092 should ever be created on the filesystem.
3093 (This is probably not true anymore, but I'll leave it
3094 for now /Torben)
3095
3096 ---LARGE MAJORS!!!!!---
3097
3098 256 char Equinox SST multi-port serial boards
3099 0 = /dev/ttyEQ0 First serial port on first Equinox SST board
3100 127 = /dev/ttyEQ127 Last serial port on first Equinox SST board
3101 128 = /dev/ttyEQ128 First serial port on second Equinox SST board
3102 ...
3103 1027 = /dev/ttyEQ1027 Last serial port on eighth Equinox SST board
3104
3105 256 block Resident Flash Disk Flash Translation Layer
3106 0 = /dev/rfda First RFD FTL layer
3107 16 = /dev/rfdb Second RFD FTL layer
3108 ...
3109 240 = /dev/rfdp 16th RFD FTL layer
3110
3111 257 char Phoenix Technologies Cryptographic Services Driver
3112 0 = /dev/ptlsec Crypto Services Driver
3113
3114 257 block SSFDC Flash Translation Layer filesystem
3115 0 = /dev/ssfdca First SSFDC layer
3116 8 = /dev/ssfdcb Second SSFDC layer
3117 16 = /dev/ssfdcc Third SSFDC layer
3118 24 = /dev/ssfdcd 4th SSFDC layer
3119 32 = /dev/ssfdce 5th SSFDC layer
3120 40 = /dev/ssfdcf 6th SSFDC layer
3121 48 = /dev/ssfdcg 7th SSFDC layer
3122 56 = /dev/ssfdch 8th SSFDC layer
3123
3124 258 block ROM/Flash read-only translation layer
3125 0 = /dev/blockrom0 First ROM card's translation layer interface
3126 1 = /dev/blockrom1 Second ROM card's translation layer interface
3127 ...
3128
3129 259 block Block Extended Major
3130 Used dynamically to hold additional partition minor
3131 numbers and allow large numbers of partitions per device
3132
3133 259 char FPGA configuration interfaces
3134 0 = /dev/icap0 First Xilinx internal configuration
3135 1 = /dev/icap1 Second Xilinx internal configuration
3136
3137 260 char OSD (Object-based-device) SCSI Device
3138 0 = /dev/osd0 First OSD Device
3139 1 = /dev/osd1 Second OSD Device
3140 ...
3141 255 = /dev/osd255 256th OSD Device
3142
3143
3144Additional ``/dev/`` directory entries
3145--------------------------------------
3146
3147This section details additional entries that should or may exist in
3148the /dev directory. It is preferred that symbolic links use the same
3149form (absolute or relative) as is indicated here. Links are
3150classified as "hard" or "symbolic" depending on the preferred type of
3151link; if possible, the indicated type of link should be used.
3152
3153Compulsory links
3154++++++++++++++++
3155
3156These links should exist on all systems:
3157
3158=============== =============== =============== ===============================
3159/dev/fd /proc/self/fd symbolic File descriptors
3160/dev/stdin fd/0 symbolic stdin file descriptor
3161/dev/stdout fd/1 symbolic stdout file descriptor
3162/dev/stderr fd/2 symbolic stderr file descriptor
3163/dev/nfsd socksys symbolic Required by iBCS-2
3164/dev/X0R null symbolic Required by iBCS-2
3165=============== =============== =============== ===============================
3166
3167Note: ``/dev/X0R`` is <letter X>-<digit 0>-<letter R>.
3168
3169Recommended links
3170+++++++++++++++++
3171
3172It is recommended that these links exist on all systems:
3173
3174
3175=============== =============== =============== ===============================
3176/dev/core /proc/kcore symbolic Backward compatibility
3177/dev/ramdisk ram0 symbolic Backward compatibility
3178/dev/ftape qft0 symbolic Backward compatibility
3179/dev/bttv0 video0 symbolic Backward compatibility
3180/dev/radio radio0 symbolic Backward compatibility
3181/dev/i2o* /dev/i2o/* symbolic Backward compatibility
3182/dev/scd? sr? hard Alternate SCSI CD-ROM name
3183=============== =============== =============== ===============================
3184
3185Locally defined links
3186+++++++++++++++++++++
3187
3188The following links may be established locally to conform to the
3189configuration of the system. This is merely a tabulation of existing
3190practice, and does not constitute a recommendation. However, if they
3191exist, they should have the following uses.
3192
3193=============== =============== =============== ===============================
3194/dev/mouse mouse port symbolic Current mouse device
3195/dev/tape tape device symbolic Current tape device
3196/dev/cdrom CD-ROM device symbolic Current CD-ROM device
3197/dev/cdwriter CD-writer symbolic Current CD-writer device
3198/dev/scanner scanner symbolic Current scanner device
3199/dev/modem modem port symbolic Current dialout device
3200/dev/root root device symbolic Current root filesystem
3201/dev/swap swap device symbolic Current swap device
3202=============== =============== =============== ===============================
3203
3204``/dev/modem`` should not be used for a modem which supports dialin as
3205well as dialout, as it tends to cause lock file problems. If it
3206exists, ``/dev/modem`` should point to the appropriate primary TTY device
3207(the use of the alternate callout devices is deprecated).
3208
3209For SCSI devices, ``/dev/tape`` and ``/dev/cdrom`` should point to the
3210*cooked* devices (``/dev/st*`` and ``/dev/sr*``, respectively), whereas
3211``/dev/cdwriter`` and /dev/scanner should point to the appropriate generic
3212SCSI devices (/dev/sg*).
3213
3214``/dev/mouse`` may point to a primary serial TTY device, a hardware mouse
3215device, or a socket for a mouse driver program (e.g. ``/dev/gpmdata``).
3216
3217Sockets and pipes
3218+++++++++++++++++
3219
3220Non-transient sockets and named pipes may exist in /dev. Common entries are:
3221
3222=============== =============== ===============================================
3223/dev/printer socket lpd local socket
3224/dev/log socket syslog local socket
3225/dev/gpmdata socket gpm mouse multiplexer
3226=============== =============== ===============================================
3227
3228Mount points
3229++++++++++++
3230
3231The following names are reserved for mounting special filesystems
3232under /dev. These special filesystems provide kernel interfaces that
3233cannot be provided with standard device nodes.
3234
3235=============== =============== ===============================================
3236/dev/pts devpts PTY slave filesystem
3237/dev/shm tmpfs POSIX shared memory maintenance access
3238=============== =============== ===============================================
3239
3240Terminal devices
3241----------------
3242
3243Terminal, or TTY devices are a special class of character devices. A
3244terminal device is any device that could act as a controlling terminal
3245for a session; this includes virtual consoles, serial ports, and
3246pseudoterminals (PTYs).
3247
3248All terminal devices share a common set of capabilities known as line
3249disciplines; these include the common terminal line discipline as well
3250as SLIP and PPP modes.
3251
3252All terminal devices are named similarly; this section explains the
3253naming and use of the various types of TTYs. Note that the naming
3254conventions include several historical warts; some of these are
3255Linux-specific, some were inherited from other systems, and some
3256reflect Linux outgrowing a borrowed convention.
3257
3258A hash mark (``#``) in a device name is used here to indicate a decimal
3259number without leading zeroes.
3260
3261Virtual consoles and the console device
3262+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
3263
3264Virtual consoles are full-screen terminal displays on the system video
3265monitor. Virtual consoles are named ``/dev/tty#``, with numbering
3266starting at ``/dev/tty1``; ``/dev/tty0`` is the current virtual console.
3267``/dev/tty0`` is the device that should be used to access the system video
3268card on those architectures for which the frame buffer devices
3269(``/dev/fb*``) are not applicable. Do not use ``/dev/console``
3270for this purpose.
3271
3272The console device, ``/dev/console``, is the device to which system
3273messages should be sent, and on which logins should be permitted in
3274single-user mode. Starting with Linux 2.1.71, ``/dev/console`` is managed
3275by the kernel; for previous versions it should be a symbolic link to
3276either ``/dev/tty0``, a specific virtual console such as ``/dev/tty1``, or to
3277a serial port primary (``tty*``, not ``cu*``) device, depending on the
3278configuration of the system.
3279
3280Serial ports
3281++++++++++++
3282
3283Serial ports are RS-232 serial ports and any device which simulates
3284one, either in hardware (such as internal modems) or in software (such
3285as the ISDN driver.) Under Linux, each serial ports has two device
3286names, the primary or callin device and the alternate or callout one.
3287Each kind of device is indicated by a different letter. For any
3288letter X, the names of the devices are ``/dev/ttyX#`` and ``/dev/cux#``,
3289respectively; for historical reasons, ``/dev/ttyS#`` and ``/dev/ttyC#``
3290correspond to ``/dev/cua#`` and ``/dev/cub#``. In the future, it should be
3291expected that multiple letters will be used; all letters will be upper
3292case for the "tty" device (e.g. ``/dev/ttyDP#``) and lower case for the
3293"cu" device (e.g. ``/dev/cudp#``).
3294
3295The names ``/dev/ttyQ#`` and ``/dev/cuq#`` are reserved for local use.
3296
3297The alternate devices provide for kernel-based exclusion and somewhat
3298different defaults than the primary devices. Their main purpose is to
3299allow the use of serial ports with programs with no inherent or broken
3300support for serial ports. Their use is deprecated, and they may be
3301removed from a future version of Linux.
3302
3303Arbitration of serial ports is provided by the use of lock files with
3304the names ``/var/lock/LCK..ttyX#``. The contents of the lock file should
3305be the PID of the locking process as an ASCII number.
3306
3307It is common practice to install links such as /dev/modem
3308which point to serial ports. In order to ensure proper locking in the
3309presence of these links, it is recommended that software chase
3310symlinks and lock all possible names; additionally, it is recommended
3311that a lock file be installed with the corresponding alternate
3312device. In order to avoid deadlocks, it is recommended that the locks
3313are acquired in the following order, and released in the reverse:
3314
3315 1. The symbolic link name, if any (``/var/lock/LCK..modem``)
3316 2. The "tty" name (``/var/lock/LCK..ttyS2``)
3317 3. The alternate device name (``/var/lock/LCK..cua2``)
3318
3319In the case of nested symbolic links, the lock files should be
3320installed in the order the symlinks are resolved.
3321
3322Under no circumstances should an application hold a lock while waiting
3323for another to be released. In addition, applications which attempt
3324to create lock files for the corresponding alternate device names
3325should take into account the possibility of being used on a non-serial
3326port TTY, for which no alternate device would exist.
3327
3328Pseudoterminals (PTYs)
3329++++++++++++++++++++++
3330
3331Pseudoterminals, or PTYs, are used to create login sessions or provide
3332other capabilities requiring a TTY line discipline (including SLIP or
3333PPP capability) to arbitrary data-generation processes. Each PTY has
3334a master side, named ``/dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]``, and a slave side, named
3335``/dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]``. The kernel arbitrates the use of PTYs by
3336allowing each master side to be opened only once.
3337
3338Once the master side has been opened, the corresponding slave device
3339can be used in the same manner as any TTY device. The master and
3340slave devices are connected by the kernel, generating the equivalent
3341of a bidirectional pipe with TTY capabilities.
3342
3343Recent versions of the Linux kernels and GNU libc contain support for
3344the System V/Unix98 naming scheme for PTYs, which assigns a common
3345device, ``/dev/ptmx``, to all the masters (opening it will automatically
3346give you a previously unassigned PTY) and a subdirectory, ``/dev/pts``,
3347for the slaves; the slaves are named with decimal integers (``/dev/pts/#``
3348in our notation). This removes the problem of exhausting the
3349namespace and enables the kernel to automatically create the device
3350nodes for the slaves on demand using the "devpts" filesystem.
generated by cgit v1.2.2 (git 2.25.0) at 2025-09-17 20:29:14 -0400